|
Buck–boost Converter
The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude. It is equivalent to a flyback converter using a single inductor instead of a transformer. Two different topologies are called ''buck–boost converter''. Both of them can produce a range of output voltages, ranging from much larger (in absolute magnitude) than the input voltage, down to almost zero. In the inverting topology, the output voltage is of the opposite Electrical polarity, polarity than the input. This is a switched-mode power supply with a similar circuit configuration to the boost converter and the buck converter. The output voltage is adjustable based on the duty cycle of the switching transistor. One possible drawback of this converter is that the switch does not have a terminal at ground; this complicates the driving circuitry. However, this drawback is of no consequence if the power supply is isolat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commutation Cell In Converters
Commute, commutation or commutative may refer to: * Commuting, the process of travelling between a place of residence and a place of work Mathematics * Commutative property, a property of a mathematical operation whose result is insensitive to the order of its arguments **Equivariant map, a function whose composition with another function has the commutative property **Commutative diagram, a graphical description of commuting compositions of arrows in a mathematical category **Commutative semigroup, commutative monoid, abelian group, and commutative ring, algebraic structures with the commutative property **Commuting matrices, sets of matrices whose products do not depend on the order of multiplication **Commutator, a measure of the failure of two elements to be commutative in a group or ring *Commutation matrix, a permutation matrix which is used for transforming the vectorized form of another matrix into the vectorized form of its transpose Science and technology * Commutator (e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Split-pi Topology
In electronics, a split-pi topology is a pattern of component interconnections used in a kind of power converter that can theoretically produce an arbitrary output voltage, either higher or lower than the input voltage. In practice the upper voltage output is limited to the voltage rating of components used. It is essentially a boost (step-up) converter followed by a buck (step-down) converter. The topology and use of MOSFETs make it inherently bi-directional which lends itself to applications requiring regenerative braking. The split-pi converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude. It is a switched-mode power supply with a similar circuit configuration to a boost converter followed by a buck converter. Split-pi gets its name from the pi circuit due to the use of two pi filters in series and split with the switching MOSFET bridges. Other DC–DC converter topologies that can produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SEPIC Converter
The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is a type of DC-to-DC converter, DC/DC converter that allows the electrical potential (voltage) at its output to be greater than, less than, or equal to that at its input. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by the duty cycle of the electronic switch (S1). A SEPIC is essentially a boost converter followed by an inverted buck-boost converter. While similar to a traditional buck-boost converter, it has a few advantages. It has a non-inverted output (the output has the same electrical polarity as the input). Its use of a series Capacitive coupling, capacitor to couple energy from the input to the output allows the circuit to respond more gracefully to a short-circuit output. And it is capable of true shutdown: when the switch S1 is turned off enough, the output (''V''0) drops to 0 V, following a fairly hefty transient dump of charge. SEPICs are useful in applications in which a battery voltage can be above and below that of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flyback Converter
The flyback converter is used in both AC/DC conversion, AC/DC, and DC-DC conversion, DC/DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. The flyback converter is a buck-boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation. Structure and principle The schematic of a flyback converter is shown in Fig. 1. It is equivalent to that of a buck–boost converter, with the inductor split to form a transformer. Therefore, the operating principle of both converters is very similar: * When the switch is closed (top of Fig. 2), the primary of the transformer is directly connected to the input voltage source. The primary current and magnetic flux in the transformer increases, storing energy in the transformer. The voltage induced in the secondary winding is negative, so the diode is reverse-biased (i.e., blocked). The output capacitor supplies energy to the output load. * Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistivity
Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter (rho). The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). For example, if a solid cube of material has sheet contacts on two opposite faces, and the resistance between these contacts is , then the resistivity of the material is . Electrical conductivity (or specific conductance) is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is commonly signified by the Greek letter (sigma), but (kappa) (especially in electrical engineering) and (gamma) are sometimes used. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Element (electrical Networks)
In electrical networks, a parasitic impedance is a electrical element, circuit element (electrical resistance, resistance, inductance or capacitance) which is not desirable in an electrical component for its intended purpose. For instance, a resistor is designed to possess resistance, but will also possess unwanted parasitic capacitance. Parasitic impedances are unavoidable. All conductors possess resistance and inductance and the principles of Duality (electricity and magnetism), duality ensure that where there is inductance, there will also be capacitance. Component designers will strive to minimise parasitic elements but are unable to eliminate them. Discrete components will often have some parasitic values detailed on their datasheets to aid circuit designers in compensating for unwanted effects. The most commonly seen manifestations of parasitic impedances in components are in the parasitic inductance and resistance of the component leads and the parasitic capacitance o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity. Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components can be composed of various compounds and forms. Resisto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boost Converter
A boost converter or step-up converter is a DC-to-DC converter that increases voltage, while decreasing current, from its input ( ''supply'') to its output ( ''load''). It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductors, a diode and a transistor, and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combination. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with inductors) are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side filter) and input (supply-side filter). Overview Power for the boost converter can come from any suitable DC source, such as batteries, solar panels, rectifiers, and DC generators. A process that changes one DC voltage to a different DC voltage is called DC to DC conversion. A boost converter is a DC to DC converter with an output voltage greater than the source voltage. A boost converter is sometimes called a step-up converter since it "steps up" the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buck Converter
file:Commutation cell in converters.svg, Comparison of non-isolated switching DC-to-DC converter topologies: buck, Boost converter, boost, Buck–boost converter, buck–boost, Ćuk converter, Ćuk. The input is left side, the output with load is right side. The switch is typically a MOSFET, IGBT, or BJT transistor A buck converter or step-down converter is a DC-to-DC converter which decreases voltage, while increasing Electrical current, current, from its input (power supply, ''supply'') to its output (Electrical load, ''load''). It is a class of switched-mode power supply. Switching converters (such as buck converters) provide much greater power efficiency as DC-to-DC converters than linear regulators, which are simpler circuits that dissipate power as heat, but do not step up output current. The efficiency of buck converters can be very high, often over 90%, making them useful for tasks such as converting a computer's main Power supply unit (computer), supply voltage, which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
