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Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Zynoviy Bohdan Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky of the Abdank coat of arms (Ruthenian language, Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern , Polish language, Polish: ; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobility, Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Cossacks#Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossacks as Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He Khmelnytsky Uprising, led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Cossack Hetmanate, Cossack state in Ukraine. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereiaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection. Khmelnytsky was compared to his contemporary, Oliver Cromwell. During the uprising, the Cossacks under his leadership massacred tens of thousands of Poles an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hetman Of Zaporizhian Host
The Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (, ) was the head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate. The office was abolished by the Russian government in 1764. Brief history The position was established by Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Cossack Hetmanate in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, took place in the Senior Council in Chyhyryn which, until 1669, served as the capital of the Hetmanate. After the Pereiaslav Agreement of 1654, several senior cossacks sided with the Tsardom of Russia and, in 1663, they convened the Black Council of 1663 in Nizhyn which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of Petro Doroshenko in 1669, the title hetman was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in Baturyn. In the course of the Great Northern War one of them, Ivan Mazepa, decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708, which later drew terrible consequences for the Cossack Hetmanate as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Pyliavtsi
The Battle of Pyliavtsi (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: ''Битва під Пилявцями'', Polish language, Polish: ''Bitwa pod Piławcami;'' 21–23 September 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Pyliava in Ukraine, a forces of the Zaporozhian Sich, Zaporozhian Host and Crimean Khanate under the command of Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ataman, Otaman Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, Colonel Maksym Kryvonis and Tugay Bey attacked and decisively defeated the Crown Army, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Prince, Princes Władysław Dominik Zasławski, Władysław Dominik Zasławski-Ostrogski and Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Nobility, Noblemans Mikołaj Ostroróg and Aleksander Koniecpolski (1620–1659), Aleksander Koniecpolski with Magnate Janusz Tyszkiewicz Łohojski, Janusz Tyszkiewicz. Background At the beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in the early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cossack Raid On Istanbul (1629)
The Cossack raid on Istanbul ( Ukrainian: ''Козацький рейд на Стамбул'', Turkish: ''İstanbul'a Kazak baskını''; 1629) was led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Ivan Sirko against the capital of Ottoman Empire and surrounding areas. Prelude The Zaporozhian Cossacks conducted raids on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, including the capital city of Istanbul. The most notable raid was the raid on Istanbul in 1615, which resulted in destruction of Ottoman fleet. Another such raid was conducted on a similar scale in 1629, which was led by the future Cossack Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Kosh Otaman Ivan Sirko. Raid The Cossack boats reached outskirts of Istanbul. Cossacks plundered the surrounding settlements and set them on fire. The smoke was visible, which reportedly caused fear and confusion for inhabitants of Istanbul, including Sultan Murad IV. After disturbing the capital, Cossacks plundered Kishic, Izmail, Balchik, Varna and Sizbol in the West. Cos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cossack Raids
The Cossack raids largely developed as a reaction to the Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, which began in 1441 and lasted until 1774. From onwards, the Cossacks (the Zaporozhian Cossacks of southern Ukraine and the Don Cossacks of southern Russia) conducted regular military offensives into the lands of the Crimean Khanate, the Nogai Horde, and the Ottoman Empire, where they would free History of slavery in the Muslim world, enslaved Christians before returning home with a significant amount of plunder and Slavery in medieval Europe, Muslim slaves. Though difficult to calculate, the level of devastation caused by the Cossack raids is roughly estimated to have been on par with that of the Crimean–Nogai slave raids. According to History of Ruthenians, Cossack raids during Sirko's Campaigns, Sirko's era were a hundred times more devastating than Crimean–Nogai raids. Background The first raid of the Zaporozhian Cossacks was recorded on 1 August, 1492, which was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Ozerna
The Battle of Ozerna or Battle of Jezierna was fought on 20–22 November (O.S. 10–12 November) 1655 near Ozerna (then in Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Crown of Poland, now part of Ukraine) between the forces of the Polish-Tatar coalition and Ukrainian-Russian troops. The battle ended with a success for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania .... As a result of the Polish Lithuanian victory, Bohdan Khmelnytsky was forced to recognize the formal suzerainty of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth over Russia. Another source calls the battle a victory for Russia. References External sources * Грушевський М. Історія України-Руси. — Том IX. — Розділ X. — С. 9–11. * Гуцал П. Озер ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Horodok (1655)
The battle of Gródek Jagielloński or battle of Horodok took place during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) on 29 September 1655. Russian and Ukrainian Cossack forces under Vasily Borisovich Sheremetev and Bohdan Khmelnytsky engaged a Polish–Lithuanian army under Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki near Gródek Jagielloński, which at that time was part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's Ruthenian Voivodeship (now Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine). Polish forces were defeated and forced to retreat, losing their supplies to the Russians. The Russians advanced, besieging Lwow, and Potocki with the remains of his army was soon forced to surrender to the invading Swedes. In August 1655, Russian-Cossack forces moved into Red Ruthenia, which at that time was one of few provinces of the Commonwealth still controlled by Polish forces, as in July of that year, Poland–Lithuania had been invaded by the Swedish Empire. Russian-Cossack forces were faced by a numerically inferior Polish Crown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Okhmativ (1655)
The Battle of Okhmativ or battle of Ochmatów (, , ) took place around 19 January - 22 January 1655 (January 29 - February 1, N.S) during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) between the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Crimean Khanate on the one hand and of the Russian Tsardom and the Cossacks on the other. The Russian-Cossack army led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Vasily Sheremetev went to the relief of Uman besieged by the Polish–Lithuanian army. When the commanders of the Polish army Stanisław Potocki and Stanisław Lanckoroński learned about the march of the Russians and Cossacks, they discontinued the siege and together with an army of the Crimean Khanate went out to meet them. Part of the Polish troops led by Szemberg was to guard the Puszkarenko group trapped in Okhmativ, numbering 2,000 soldiers, while the main force moved on January 29 in the north. The entire Polish–Tatar army marched in expanded battle array. The Russian-Cossack army went in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Polish–Russian War (1654–1667)
The Polish–Russian War of 1654–1667 was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known as " The Deluge". The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but it regained its ground and won several decisive battles. However, its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict. Facing internal crisis and civil war, the Commonwealth was forced to sign a truce. The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe. Background In the late recent decade prior to the conflict, tensions brewed significantly between Poles and Cossacks, ranging from discontent amongst the populace towards religious strife emboldened by the Cossacks' bitterness against the Polish hierarchy; These finally broke in 1648 when the Khmelnytsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Siege Of Zhvanets
The siege of Zhvanets ( Ukrainian: ''Облога Жванця'', Polish: ''Oblężenie Żwańca''; September – 15 December, 1653) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate, Crimean Khanate and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytskyi Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Zhvanets on the Dniester River in Ukraine, forces of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Ivan Bohun and İslâm III Giray besieged a Polish–Lithuanian force under the command of John II Casimir. Background Despite poor quality of Polish soldiers and their officers, as cream of the Polish Army had been murdered in the Batih massacre (June 1652), the spring offensive of 1653 progressed successfully. The situation changed when Khmelnytsky’s Cossacks joined forces with Tatars commanded personally by Islam III Giray. When news of this reached King Jan Kazimierz Waza, he decided to abandon his positions in Bar, Ukra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Batih
The Battle of Batih ( Ukrainian: ''Битва під Батогом,'' Polish: ''Bitwa pod Batohem;'' 1–2 June 1652) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytskyi Uprising. Near the village of Batih in the Bratslav Regiment, a forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Tymofiy Khmelnytskyi and Ivan Bohun attacked and completely defeated the Polish–Lithuanian forces under the command of Marcin Kalinowski, Zygmunt Przyjemski and Marek Sobieski, all of them were killed in the action. After the battle, the captured Polish–Lithuanian troops were brutally slain and beheaded by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, as a revenge for the Battle of Berestechko. During the battle, a forces of the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate destroyed many and one of the best Polish–Lithuanian military units. Although the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Bila Tserkva (1651)
The Battle of Bila Tserkva ( Ukrainian: ''Битва під Білою Церквою,'' Polish: ''Bitwa pod Białą Cerkwią:'' 23–25 September 1651) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day city of Bila Tserkva in Ukraine. Background Following the Battle of Berestechko in 28 June — 10 July, 1651, under orders from the departing the Polish King John II Casimir, the Polish forces under the command of Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki advanced into the Cossack Hetmanate, reaching Lyubar in 4 August 1651 and at the same time the Lithuanian forces under the command of Prince Janusz Radziwiłł entered Kyiv. The Polish forces under the command of Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki soon encountered the Zaporozhian Cossack’s positions near the city of Bila Tserkva and the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Battle Of Berestechko
The Battle of Berestechko (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Битва під Берестечком, Polish language, Polish: ''Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem''; 28 June – 10 July 1651) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate against the Crown Army, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day city of Berestechko in Ukraine, a forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ataman, Otaman Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, Colonels Ivan Bohun and Filon Dzhelaliy, Fylon Dzhalaliy with Khan (title), Khan İslâm III Giray and Tugay Bey, who was killed in the battle, was defeated by the Crown Army, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's forces under the command of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish King John II Casimir Vasa, John II Casimir, Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Hetmans Marci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
