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Biometrika
''Biometrika'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust. The editor-in-chief is Paul Fearnhead (Lancaster University). The principal focus of this journal is theoretical statistics. It was established in 1901 and originally appeared quarterly. It changed to three issues per year in 1977 but returned to quarterly publication in 1992. History ''Biometrika'' was established in 1901 by Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, and Raphael Weldon to promote the study of biometrics. The history of ''Biometrika'' is covered by Cox (2001). The name of the journal was chosen by Pearson, but Francis Edgeworth insisted that it be spelt with a "k" and not a "c". Since the 1930s, it has been a journal for statistical theory and methodology. Galton's role in the journal was essentially that of a patron and the journal was run by Pearson and Weldon and after Weldon's death in 1906 by Pearson alone until he died in 1936. In the early days, the Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson (; born Carl Pearson; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English biostatistician and mathematician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics and meteorology. Pearson was also a proponent of Social Darwinism and eugenics, and his thought is an example of what is today described as scientific racism. Pearson was a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton. He edited and completed both William Kingdon Clifford's ''Common Sense of the Exact Sciences'' (1885) and Isaac Todhunter's ''History of the Theory of Elasticity'', Vol. 1 (1886–1893) and Vol. 2 (1893), following their deaths. Early life and education Pearson was born in Islington, London, into a Quaker family. His father was William Pearson QC of the Inner Temple, and his mother Fanny (née Smit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Palin Elderton
Sir William Palin Elderton KBE PhD (Oslo) (1877–1962) was a British actuary who served as president of the Institute of Actuaries (1932–1934). Elderton also had a very long association with the statistical journal Biometrika. In its early days he published several articles, and in 1935 he became chairman of the Biometrika Trust. In 1900 when he was training to be an actuary Elderton met Karl Pearson and was drawn into the University College statistical group. In 1902 Elderton computed the first tables of Pearson's chi-squared and in 1907 he published an exposition of the Pearson curves for actuaries. His sister Ethel M. Elderton worked for Pearson, and together the Eldertons wrote an introduction to the new ideas in statistics. She provided financial backing for Pearson's Anthropometric Laboratory, "his fourth laboratory". Elderton was an invited speaker in the International Congress of Mathematicians 1908, Rome. Books * W. Palin Elderton (1906) ''Frequency-Curves and Cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egon Pearson
Egon Sharpe Pearson (11 August 1895 – 12 June 1980) was one of three children of Karl Pearson and Maria, née Sharpe, and, like his father, a British statistician. Career Pearson was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Cambridge, and succeeded his father as professor of statistics at University College London and as editor of the journal '' Biometrika''. He is best known for development of the Neyman–Pearson lemma of statistical hypothesis testing. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1948. Pearson was President of the Royal Statistical Society in 1955–56, and was awarded its Guy Medal in gold in 1955. He was appointed a CBE in 1946. Pearson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphael Weldon
Walter Frank Raphael Weldon FRS (15 March 1860 – 13 April 1906), was an English evolutionary biologist and a founder of biometry. He was the joint founding editor of ''Biometrika'', with Francis Galton and Karl Pearson. Family Weldon was the second child of the journalist and industrial chemist, Walter Weldon, and his wife Anne Cotton. On 13 March 1883, Weldon married Florence Tebb (1858–1936), daughter of the social reformer William Tebb. Having studied mathematics at Girton College, Cambridge, Florence was to act as the 'computer' for Weldon's research into biological variation. Life and education Medicine was his intended career and he spent the academic year 1876-1877 at University College London. Among his teachers were the zoologist E. Ray Lankester and the mathematician Olaus Henrici. In the following year he transferred to King's College London and then to St John's College, Cambridge in 1878. There Weldon studied with the developmental morphologist F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Cox (statistician)
Sir David Roxbee Cox (15 July 1924 – 18 January 2022) was a British statistician and educator. His wide-ranging contributions to the field of statistics included introducing logistic regression, the proportional hazards model and the Cox process, a point process named after him. He was a professor of statistics at Birkbeck, University of London, Birkbeck College, London, Imperial College London and the University of Oxford, and served as Warden (college), Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford. The first recipient of the International Prize in Statistics, he also received the Guy Medal, Guy, George Box Medal, George Box and Copley Medal, Copley medals, as well as a Knight bachelor, knighthood. Early life Cox was born in Birmingham on 15 July 1924. His father was a die (manufacturing), die sinker and part-owner of a jewellery shop, and they lived near the Jewellery Quarter. The aeronautical engineer Harold Roxbee Cox was a distant cousin. He attended Handsworth Grammar School, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (8 February 1845 – 13 February 1926) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher and political economist who made significant contributions to the methods of statistics during the 1880s. From 1891 onward, he was appointed the founding editor of ''The Economic Journal''. Life Ysidro Francis Edgeworth – the order of his forenames later reversed – was born in Edgeworthstown, County Longford, Ireland, the son of Francis Beaufort Edgeworth and his wife, Rosa Florentina, daughter of exiled Catalan general Antonio Eroles. Francis Beaufort Edgeworth, when "a restless philosophy student at Cambridge on his way to Germany", had met Rosa, a teenage Spanish refugee, on the steps of the British Museum, and they subsequently eloped. Francis Beaufort Edgeworth was the son of politician, writer, and inventor Richard Lovell Edgeworth (father also of the writer Maria Edgeworth), by his fourth wife, the botanical artist and memoirist Frances Anne, daughter of the Anglica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Hinkley
David Victor Hinkley (10 September 1944 – 11 January 2019) was a statistician known for his research in statistical models and inference and for his graduate-level books. Early life David Victor Hinkley was born on 10 September 1944 in Kent, England. He studied mathematics and statistics at the University of Birmingham. He earned a PhD from the University of London (now Imperial College London) in 1969 under the supervision of David R. Cox. Career While working on his PhD, Hinkley was appointed to a junior lectureship at the University of London. He spent the years 1969 to 1971 at Stanford University. In 1971, he returned to London, and then, in 1973, he moved to the University of Minnesota where he was a member of the faculty. In 1983, Hinkley moved to the University of Texas at Austin and became a faculty member. In 1989, he moved to lead the new department of statistics at the University of Oxford. In 1995, he became a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Fearnhead
Paul Fearnhead is the Distinguished Professor of Statistics at Lancaster University. He is a researcher in computational statistics, in particular Sequential Monte Carlo methods. His interests include changepoint analysis, sampling theory and genetics – he has published several papers working on the epidemiology of campylobacter by looking at recombination events in a large sample of genomes. Since January 2018 he has been the editor of Biometrika. Awards Fearnhead won the Adams Prize in 2007. In 2007 he also won the Guy Medal in Bronze of the Royal Statistical Society The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good. .... References External links * Living people Year of birth missing (living people) English statisticians Academics of Lancaster University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biostatistics
Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results. History Biostatistics and genetics Biostatistical modeling forms an important part of numerous modern biological theories. Genetics studies, since its beginning, used statistical concepts to understand observed experimental results. Some genetics scientists even contributed with statistical advances with the development of methods and tools. Gregor Mendel started the genetics studies investigating genetics segregation patterns in families of peas and used statistics to explain the collected data. In the early 1900s, after the rediscovery of Mendel's Mendelian inheritance work, there were gaps in understanding between genetics and evolutionary Darwinism. Francis Galton tried to expand Mendel's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Dawid
Alexander Philip Dawid One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (pronounced 'David'; born 1 February 1946) is Emeritus Professor of Statistics of the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. He is a leading proponent of Bayesian statistics. Education Dawid was educated at the City of London School, Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Darwin College, Cambridge. Career and research Dawid has made fundamental contributions to both the philosophical underpinnings and the practical applications of statistics. His theory of conditional independence is a keystone of modern statistical theory and methods, and he has demonstrated its usefulness in a host of applications, including computation in probabilistic expert systems, causal inference, and forensic identification. Dawid was lecturer in statistics at University College London from 1969 to 1978. He was subsequently Professor of Statistics at City Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rule Of Three (statistics)
In statistical analysis, the rule of three states that if a certain event did not occur in a sample with Design of experiments, subjects, the interval from 0 to 3/ is a 95% confidence interval for the rate of occurrences in the population (statistics), population. When is greater than 30, this is a good approximation of results from more sensitive tests. For example, a pain-relief drug is tested on 1500 Human subjects research, human subjects, and no adverse event is recorded. From the rule of three, it can be concluded with 95% confidence that fewer than 1 person in 500 (or 3/1500) will experience an adverse event. By symmetry, for only successes, the 95% confidence interval is . The rule is useful in the interpretation of clinical trials generally, particularly in Phases of clinical research#Phase II, phase II and phase III where often there are limitations in duration or statistical power. The rule of three applies well beyond medical research, to any trial done t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in elementary arithmetic and elementary algebra, given an equation between two Fraction (mathematics), fractions or rational fraction, rational expressions, one can cross-multiply to simplify the equation or determine the value of a variable. The method is also occasionally known as the "cross your heart" method because lines resembling a heart outline can be drawn to remember which things to multiply together. Given an equation like : \frac a b = \frac c d, where and are not zero, one can cross-multiply to get : ad = bc \quad \text \quad a = \fracd. In Euclidean geometry the same calculation can be achieved by considering the ratios as those of similar triangles. Procedure In practice, the method of cross-multiplying means that we multiply the numerator of each (or one) side by the denominator of the other side, effectively crossing the terms over: : \frac a b \nwarrow \frac c d, \quad \frac a b \nearrow \frac c d. The mathematical justific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
