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Attack On Åbo
The Attack on Åbo was launched by the Novgorod Republic on the Swedish city of Åbo () in 1318. The Novgorodian goal of capturing the city failed, but they managed to burn the outskirts. Prelude At the beginning of the 13th century, the eastern Swedish expansion began to slow down. This was mainly due to the fact that when Sweden extended further east, the more resistance was given by Novgorod. With the uprising against the Swedish king in 1317, the Novgorodians decided to take advantage of the chaotic situation in Sweden. Attack In the summer of 1318, the Novgorodians invaded along the coast and on 11 July the defenders of Åbo were overwhelmed, the nearby bishopric Kustö was captured and burned down, in the fire, the bishops archives which included all of Finlands earlier history were destroyed. However, the commander of Åbos castle, Lyder von Kuren, was able to defend the castle, and soon after, the Novgorodians retreated. The Novgorodian attack was likely an attempt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turku
Turku ( ; ; , ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland. It is located on the southwestern coast of the country at the mouth of the Aura River (Finland), River Aura. The population of Turku is approximately , while the Turku metropolitan area, metropolitan area has a population of approximately . It is the most populous Municipalities of Finland, municipality in Finland, and the third most populous List of urban areas in Finland by population, urban area in the country after Helsinki metropolitan area, Helsinki and Tampere metropolitan area, Tampere. Turku is Finland's oldest city. It is not known when Turku was granted city status. Pope Pope Gregory IX, Gregory IX first mentioned the town of ''Aboa'' in his ''Bulla'' in 1229, and this year is now used as the founding year of the city. Turku was the most important city in the eastern part of the Sweden, Kingdom of Sweden (today's Finland). After the Finnish War, Finland became an Grand Duchy of Finla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novgorod First Chronicle
The Novgorod First Chronicle ( rus, Новгоро́дская пе́рвая ле́топись, Novgoródskaya pérvaya létopisʹ, nəvɡɐˈrot͡skəjə ˈpʲervəjə ˈlʲetəpʲɪsʲ, commonly abbreviated as NPL), also known by its 1914 English edition title ''The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471'', is the oldest extant Rus' chronicle of the Novgorod Republic. Written in Old East Slavic, it reflects a literary tradition about Kievan Rus' which differs from the '' Primary Chronicle''. The earliest extant copy of the NPL is the so-called Synod Scroll (), dated to the second half of the 13th century. First printed in 1841, it is currently preserved in the State Historical Museum. It is the earliest known manuscript of a major Old East Slavic chronicle, predating the '' Laurentian Codex'' of the ''Primary Chronicle'' by almost a century. In the 14th century, the Synod Scroll was continued by the monks of the Yuriev Monastery in Novgorod. Other important copies of the ''Novg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1318
Conflict may refer to: Social sciences * Conflict (process), the general pattern of groups dealing with disparate ideas * Conflict continuum from cooperation (low intensity), to contest, to higher intensity (violence and war) * Conflict of interest, involvement in multiple interests which could possibly corrupt the motivation or decision-making * Cultural conflict, a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash * Ethnic conflict, a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups * Group conflict, conflict between groups * Intragroup conflict, conflict within groups * Organizational conflict, discord caused by opposition of needs, values, and interests between people working together * Role conflict, incompatible demands placed upon a person such that compliance with both would be difficult * Social conflict, the struggle for agency or power in something * Work–family conflict, incompatible demands between the work and family roles of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyhäjoki (river)
The Pyhäjoki (literally: "sacred river") is a river in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is long and the town of Pyhäjoki is located where it empties into the Gulf of Bothnia on the Baltic Sea. The river originates in Lake Pyhäjärvi and flows generally north-northwest through the Pyhäjokilaakso basin, a lightly settled region in southwest Northern Ostrobothnia. Towns along its course are Kärsämäki, Haapavesi and Oulainen. It empties into the Gulf of Bothnia at the town of Pyhäjoki, dividing into two branches shortly beforehand. The drainage basin of the Pyhajöki is variously described as and ;"Пюхя-Йоки (Pyhäjoki)" '''', 3rd ed. 1969&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (; ; ) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast ( East Bothnia) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast ( West Bothnia and North Bothnia). In the south of the gulf lies Åland, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea. Name Bothnia is a latinization. The Swedish name was originally just , with being Old Norse for "gulf" or "bay", which is also the meaning of the second element . The name was applied to the Gulf of Bothnia as in Old Norse, after , which at the time referred to the coastland west of the gulf. Later, was applied to the regions of on the western side and on the eastern side ('West Bottom' and 'East Bottom'). The Finnish name of Österbotten, (, meaning 'land'), hint as to the meaning in both languages: the meaning of includes both 'bottom' and 'north'. is the base word for north, , with an adjectival suffix added. / is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vuoksi
The Vuoksi (, historically: "Uzerva"; ; ; ) is a river running through the northernmost part of the Karelian Isthmus from Lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland to Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. The river enters Lake Ladoga in three branches, an older main northern branch at Priozersk (Käkisalmi), a smaller branch a few kilometers to the north of it, and a new southern branch entering further southeast as Burnaya River (Finnish: Taipaleenjoki), which has become the main stream in terms of water discharge. Since 1857, the old northern distributaries drain only the lower reaches of the Vuoksi basin and are not fed by Lake Saimaa. The northern and southern branches actually belong to two separate river systems, which at times get isolated from each other in dry seasons. The descent between Lake Saimaa and Lake Ladoga is . The entire run of the river is via the Priozersk branch, or via the Taipale (Burnaya) branch. It has a drainage basin of . For most of its length, the rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelian Isthmus
The Karelian Isthmus (; ; ) is the approximately stretch of land situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva. Its northwestern boundary is a line from the Bay of Vyborg to the westernmost point of Lake Ladoga, Pekonlahti. If the Karelian Isthmus is defined as the entire territory of present-day Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast to the north of the Neva and also a tiny part of the Republic of Karelia, the area of the isthmus is about . The smaller part of the isthmus to the southeast of the old Russia-Finland border is considered historically as Northern Ingria, rather than part of the Karelian Isthmus itself. The rest of the isthmus was historically a part of Finnish Karelia. This was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Great Northern War in 1712 and included within the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917) of the Russian Empire. When Finland became independent in 1917, the isthmus (excep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Nöteborg
The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the Treaty of Orehovsk (; ; ), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Shlisselburg Fortress, Oreshek (; ) on 12 August 1323. It was the first agreement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border, mostly in the area which is now known as Finland. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod (1326), Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians. Name At the time, the treaty had no distinguishing name. It was regarded as a "permanent peace" solution between Sweden and Novgorod. "The Treaty of Nöteborg" is a direct translation of the Swedish "''Nöteborgsfreden"''. The Russian term for the treaty, directly translated into English, is "The Peace of Orehovsk", latinized as "Orehovskii Mir", or "''Ореховский мир"'' in Cyrillic script. The Swedish "Nöteborg" and the Russian "Orehovsk" are names for an old Shlisselburg Fortress, fortress in Shlisselburg. The Finnish term for the treaty, "Pähk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuusisto (island)
Kuusisto (; ) is an island and former municipality in Kaarina, Finland. The island is about 12 km long and 2 km wide. Its main attraction is Kuusisto Castle. Villages Villages within Kuusisto: * Empo (''Ämboda'') * Finby, Isokylä (''Storby'') * Joensuu (''Åminne'') * Jullas, Järvenkylä (''Träskby'') * Kalliola (''Krogsby'') * Kerromi (''Kärrom'') * Korsnainen (''Korsnäs'') * Kylliäinen * Munkke (''Munkäng'') * Rävnäs (''Räfnäs'') * Vuolahti History Kuusisto was first mentioned in 1295. The construction of the bishop's castle began in 1316. The island was a part of the Piikkiö parish. After the Reformation, the bishop's castle was demolished. Some of its remains were used as materials for the Piikkiö church in 1755. Kuusisto gained chapel rights in 1653, eventually becoming a separate municipality and parish in 1914. It was consolidated with Kaarina in 1946. As the municipality was disestablished before rural municipalities were allowed to use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of armed conflicts during the 12th and 13th centuries, fought between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland. Part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, the area was vital to the Hanseatic League. The clashes between Catholic Swedes and Orthodox Novgorodians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official crusade bulls issued by the pope. Background Scandinavians maintained trade relations and other links with Novgorod from the Viking Age onwards. Merchants from Gotland operated both their own trading house (Gutagård) and Saint Olaf's Church in Novgorod. Scandinavians also carried out isolated raids on Novgorod. Eiríkr Hákonarson raided Staraya Ladoga, Ladoga in 997, and his brother Sveinn Hákonarson followed suit in 1015. After the marriage of Yaroslav the Wise, Yaroslav I (Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev) to Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åbo
Turku ( ; ; , ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland. It is located on the southwestern coast of the country at the mouth of the River Aura. The population of Turku is approximately , while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately . It is the most populous municipality in Finland, and the third most populous urban area in the country after Helsinki and Tampere. Turku is Finland's oldest city. It is not known when Turku was granted city status. Pope Gregory IX first mentioned the town of ''Aboa'' in his ''Bulla'' in 1229, and this year is now used as the founding year of the city. Turku was the most important city in the eastern part of the Kingdom of Sweden (today's Finland). After the Finnish War, Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire in 1809, and Turku became the capital of the Grand Duchy. However, Turku lost its status as capital only three years later in 1812, when Tsar Alexander I of Russia decided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
