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Aman (Islam)
() is the Islamic law concept of guaranteeing the security of a person (who is then called ) or a group of people for a limited time. It can represent the assurance of security or clemency granted to enemies who seek protection, and can take the form of a document of safe-conduct for a kafir, non-Muslim or (enemy alien). (Re. an ''aman'' taking the shape of a written document.) Evolution The concept has pre-Islamic origins, being traced to the practice of among the Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribes, which extended a tribe's protection over an—often outlawed—member of a different tribe. Muhammad extended tribal solidarity and protection to cover the entirety of the Ummah, Muslim community, so the promise of safety could be extended by Muslims to non-Muslims, and formed the basis of the covenants of security () issued to cities or peoples who submitted to the nascent Muslim caliphate, and which rendered these groups protected () under Islamic law. In later times, the became spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safe Conduct
Safe conduct, safe passage, or letters of transit, is the situation in time of international conflict or war where one state, a party to such conflict, issues to a person (usually, an enemy state's subject) a pass or document to allow the enemy alien to traverse its territory without harassment, bodily harm, or fear of death. Safe conduct is only granted in exceptional circumstances. It may be given to an enemy to allow retreat (military), retreat under Surrender (military), surrender terms, or for a meeting to negotiate; to a stateless person; or to somebody who for some reason would normally not be able to pass. A vanquished enemy can also be given, or offered quarter, i.e. be spared, be promised or guaranteed mercy. The term 'safe conduct' is also used to mean the document authorizing this security. In Islamic law, safe conduct or pledge of safety (''Aman (Islam), amān'') can be granted to foreigners or dhimmi residents (''musta'min'') while they travel or reside in Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divisions Of The World In Islam
In classical Islamic law, there are three major divisions of the world which are ''dar al-Islam'' (), denoting regions where Islamic law prevails,Dar al-Islam The Oxford Dictionary of Islam ''dar al-sulh'' (lit. territory of treaty) denoting non-Islamic lands which are at peace or have an armistice with a Muslim government,Dar al-Sulh The Oxford Dictionary of Islam and ''dar al-harb'' (lit. territory of war), denoting lands that share a border with ''dar al-Islam'' and have not concluded an armistice. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of War
The law of war is a component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war (''jus ad bellum'') and the conduct of hostilities (''jus in bello''). Laws of war define sovereignty and nationhood, states and territories, occupation, and other critical terms of law. Among other issues, modern laws of war address the declarations of war, acceptance of surrender and the treatment of prisoners of war, military necessity, along with ''distinction'' and ''proportionality''; and the prohibition of certain weapons that may cause unnecessary suffering. The ''law of war'' is considered distinct from other bodies of law—such as the domestic law of a particular belligerent to a conflict—which may provide additional legal limits to the conduct or justification of war. Early sources and history The first traces of a law of war come from the Babylonians. It is the Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon, which in 1750 B.C., explains its laws imposing a code o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Immunity
Legal immunity, or immunity from prosecution, is a legal status wherein an individual or entity cannot be held liable for a violation of the law, in order to facilitate societal aims that outweigh the value of imposing liability in such cases. Such legal immunity may be from criminal prosecution, or from civil liability (being subject of lawsuit), or both. The most notable forms of legal immunity are parliamentary immunity and witness immunity. One author has described legal immunity as "the obverse of a legal power":Dudley Knowles, Political Obligation: A Critical Introduction' (2009), p. 26. Criticism Legal immunities may be subject to criticism because they institute a separate standard of conduct for those who receive them. For example, as one author notes: Types Immunity of government leaders Many forms of immunity are granted to politician, government leaders to Reign, rule over the world, continent, nation, province, urban area and Rural, rural area without fear of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Jurisprudence
''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is often described as the style of human understanding, research and practices of the ; that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the and the (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet and his companions). Fiqh expands and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahdia
Tahdiya is Arabic (تهدئة) for "calming" or "quieting". It is an Islamic legal concept that refers to the temporary pacification of conflict and is sometimes translated a temporary-ceasefire. However, unlike a more permanent truce, it is nonbinding and may be broken at any time and without delay by Muslims. The term has been applied to a proposed temporary lull between the Israeli forces and the Palestinian National Authority branch of the Muslim Brotherhood Hamas, beginning early in 2004 following the non-successful discussions to sign a hudna, or temporary armistice. While hudna is a term for temporary armistice, it should not be confused with tahdiya, which stands for calming down on hostilities but not a complete stop to them. See also *Aman (Islam) () is the Islamic law concept of guaranteeing the security of a person (who is then called ) or a group of people for a limited time. It can represent the assurance of security or clemency granted to enemies who seek pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulh
Sulh () is an Arabic word meaning 'resolution' or 'fixing' generally, in problem solving. It is frequently used in the context of social problems. It is also an Arabic surname, mostly from Lebanon used in the variant Solh. in other words, it means dispute resolution among individuals or people with misunderstanding. Usage In Quranic Arabic, ''ṣulḥ'' is used as a term signifying an agreement or settlement over a property dispute and retains this sense in later Islamic legal usage. In Bedouin customary law, it can signify a settlement of a tribal feud and in modern Arabic usage, it is applied to treaties, such as ''ṣulḥ Versailles'' (the Treaty of Versailles).Lewis, (1991), pp. 78–80 In general, it reflects a sense of resolution of conflict through negotiation. The two parties select respected individuals to mediate the conflict, a truce ('' hudna'') is declared, a settlement is reached that maintains the honor and status of both parties, and a public ritual takes place. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Islamic Terms In Arabic
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place. Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istijarah
Istijarah (, ) is an Islamic term for asylum, accepting a person at risk as a member of own tribe.http://www.icmif.org/doc_store/takaful/Doctrines%20Justifying%20Takaful.doc Definition A system of clan protection existed in Pre-Islamic Arabia, and people without a clan would stand without protection. Such a person could request for ''Istijarah'' (asylum) from a person already having a clan association in order to receive protection from that person. This was a common practice in Arabia, this was used by some Muslims who returned from the first Migration to Abyssinia, The Sealed Nectarbr>The Second ‘Aqabah Pledge on sunnipath.com and Muhammad himself requested ''Istijarah'' from Mut'im ibn Adi after his return to Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ... from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudna
A ''hudna'' (from the Arabic meaning "calm" or "quiet") is a truce or armistice. It is sometimes translated as " cease-fire". In his medieval dictionary of classical Arabic, the '' Lisan al-Arab'', Ibn Manzur defined it as: : "''hadana'': he grew quiet. ''hadina'': he quieted (transitive or intransitive). ''haadana'': he made peace with. The noun from each of these is ''hudna''." A famous early ''hudna'' was the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah between Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe. Hudna in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict In English, the term is most frequently used in reference to a ceasefire agreement in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, particularly one that would involve organizations such as Hamas. The concept was also proposed to reduce violence in the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians by a Queen's University Belfast Professor in the period of 1999–2003 as a result of protracted negotiations with the Hamas leadership in the Gaza Strip, West Bank and abroad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futuwwa
Futuwwa (Arabic: فتوة, "young-manliness") was a conception of adolescent moral behavior around which myriad institutions of Medieval confraternity developed. With characteristics similar to chivalry and virtue, these communal associations of Arab men gained significant influence as stable social units that exerted religious, military, and political influence in much of the Islamic world. History and development Origins In its most literal sense, Futuwwa described the quality of being young. It was not until the eighth century C.E. that the word came to represent something like a moral code.Goshgarian, Rachel. "Beyond the social and the spiritual: Redefining the urban confraternities of late medieval Anatolia." PhD diss., Harvard University, 2008. Proquest (AAT 3295918). The evolution of the word, from adjective to moral framework, was driven by a melding of and Islamicization of Persian and Arab traditions. The spread of Islam was accompanied by the spread of a definition of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomatic Immunity
Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are recognized as having legal immunity from the jurisdiction of another country.Diplomatic and Consular Immunity: Guidance for Law Enforcement and Judicial Authorities U.S. Department of State, Office of Foreign Missions. It allows diplomats safe passage and freedom of travel in a host country, and affords almost total protection from local lawsuits and criminal prosecution. Diplomatic immunity is one of the oldest and most widespread practices in international relations; most civilizations since Ancient history, antiquity have granted some degree of special status to foreign envoys and messengers. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
