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Albert Order
The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, science and art. Design The design was a Christian cross with a bust of Albert the Bold at the centre. In 1875, however, it was discovered the bust was in fact the wrong Albert, Albert the Perennial, and the correct image was substituted and used thereafter. Grades The grade structure of the Albert Order changed several times. At first, there were five classes: Grand Cross (Großkreuz), Commander's Cross 1st Class (Komturkreuz I), Commander's Cross 2nd Class (Komturkreuz II), Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz) and Small Cross (Kleinkreuz). These provided the basis for a series of changes over the following forty years. On 18 March 1858, the Small Cross was renamed as the Honour Cross (Ehrenkreuz) and a sixth class was established with a gold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Saxony
The Kingdom of Saxony () was a German monarchy in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, the successor of the Electorate of Saxony. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, later joining the German Confederation after Napoleon was defeated in 1815. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. It became a Free state (polity)#Germany, free state of the Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, Frederick Augustus III. Its capital was Dresden, and its modern successor is the Saxony, Free State of Saxony. History Napoleonic era and the German Confederation Before 1806, Saxony was part of the Holy Roman Empire, a thousand-year-old entity that had become highly decentralised over the centuries. The rulers of the Electorate of Saxony of the House of Wettin had held the title of prince-elector, elector for several centuries. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in Augu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobald Von Bethmann Hollweg
Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg (29 November 1856 – 1 January 1921) was a German politician who was chancellor of the German Empire, imperial chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917. He oversaw the German entry into World War I and played a key role during its first three years. He was replaced as chancellor in July 1917 due in large part to opposition to his policies by leaders in the military. Between 1884 and 1899 Bethmann Hollweg rose rapidly through positions in the Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian government and served briefly as a member of the Reichstag (German Empire), Reichstag in 1890. The experience left him unsympathetic to the party system and an independent for the remainder of his political life. Emperor Wilhelm II appointed him chancellor in 1909, in part because he approved of his conciliatory political style. His eight years as chancellor showed him to be cautiously supportive of some liberalization but also a firm believer that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Von Fabeck
Herrmann Gustav Karl Max von Fabeck (6 May 1854 – 16 December 1916) was a Prussian military officer and a German '' General der Infantarie'' during World War I. He commanded the 13th Corps in the 5th Army and took part in the Race to the Sea on the Western Front and also commanded the new 11th Army on the Eastern Front. Subsequently, he commanded several German armies during the war until his evacuation from the front due to illness in 1916 and died on 16 December. A competent and highly decorated commander, von Fabeck is a recipient of the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's and Germany's highest military honor.William E. Hamelman: ''The History of the Prussian Pour le Mérite Order, Volume III (1888–1918)'' Matthäus Publishers, 1986 Life Fabeck was born in Berlin in 1854, when it was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the son of Prussian Lieutenant-General Hermann von Fabeck (1816–1873) and wife Bertha, née von dem Borne (1829–1910). By the time he was 17 years o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Ludwig D'Elsa
Karl Ludwig d'Elsa (born 1 November 1849 in Dresden – died 20 July 1922 in Tannenfeld bei Nöbdenitz, Löbichau, Thuringia) was a Royal Saxon army officer who was a Generaloberst in the First World War and awarded the Pour le Mérite. Life and Military Career Karl Ludwig d'Elsa was born on 1 September 1849 in Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, the son of Ludwig Ferdinand d'Elsa (1806–1882), an Oberstleutnant ( Lieutenant Colonel), and Huberta Louise (née von Brandenstein, died 1911). d'Elsa joined the Cadet Corps in Easter 1864 and on 1 April 1869 was appointed as an ensign in the 101st (2nd Royal Saxon) Grenadiers "Emperor William, King of Prussia" of the Royal Saxon Army. From October 1869 to April 1870 he was assigned to the military school in Erfurt and promoted to 2nd Lieutenant on 29 July 1870. From 1 September 1870 he was adjutant of the first battalion of his regiment, with whom he participated in the Franco-Prussian War. He participated in the battles of St. Priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Von Delbrück
Martin Friedrich Rudolf von Delbrück (; 16 April 1817 – 1 February 1903) was a Prussian statesman at the time of Otto von Bismarck. Early life Delbrück was born at Berlin, Province of Brandenburg. He came of a distinguished family, his father, Johann Friedrich Gottlieb Delbrück (d. 1830), having been preceptor of the two Prussian princes afterwards known as King Frederick William IV and Emperor William I. Rudolf von Delbrück studied in Halle, Bonn, and Berlin. On completing his legal studies, he entered the service of the state in 1837; and after holding a series of minor posts was transferred in 1848 to the ministry of commerce, which was to be the sphere of his real life's work. Career The states of the German Confederation, including Prussia and the Austrian Empire, had realized the influence of commercial upon political union. Delbrück in 1851 induced Hanover, Oldenburg, and Schaumburg-Lippe, who formed the Steuerverein, to join the Zollverein; and the southern sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Capelle
Eduard von Capelle (10 October 1855 – 23 February 1931) was a German Imperial Navy officer from Celle. He joined the Imperial German Navy in 1872, serving in various roles, including as an executive officer of the battleship and chief of the administrative department in the ''Reichsmarineamt'' (Imperial Naval Office). Working closely with Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, he was primarily responsible for drafting the '' Flottengesetze'' (German Naval Laws), and was promoted to admiral in 1913. He was supportive of Germany's entry into war during July Crisis of 1914. Capelle was recalled from his post in March 1916 to replace Tirpitz as the State Secretary of the Imperial Navy Office, and oversaw the German naval war during the latter three years of World War I. Initially against unrestricted submarine warfare, he was persuaded to support it; the continuation of this policy caused the United States to declare war on Germany. Nevertheless, he maintained his belief in the supre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Von Bülow (general)
Hans Adolf Julius von Bülow (1816-1897) was a General of the Artillery in the Imperial German Army. He was the Inspector-General of Artillery from 1879 to 1882. He retired when he had conflicts with Georg von Kameke, the Minister of War. Biography Hans von Bülow was born in the Kingdom of Prussia as first-born of his father, Werner Ludwig von Bülow. He had one younger sister, and one younger brother. After serving as cadet, he became a second lieutenant on 5 August, 1833. During the time of peace, Bülow increased his knowledge and his skills as he rose the ranks. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1844, Hauptmann in 1851, and Major in 1858. In 1859, he became commander of the fortress battalion of the 6th Artillery Regiment. In 1861, he became Oberstleutnant and in 1864, he got command of the 7th Field Artillery Regiment. On 18 June, 1865, Bülow was promoted to Oberst. He participated in the Austro-Prussian War at the head of his regiment, which was part of the Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernhard Von Bülow
Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow ( ; 3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929) was a German politician who served as the chancellor of the German Empire, imperial chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia from 1900 to 1909. A fervent supporter of ''Weltpolitik'', Bülow devoted his chancellorship to transforming Germany into a global power. Despite presiding over sustained economic growth and major technological advancements within his country, his government's foreign policy did much to antagonize France and Great Britain thereby contributing significantly to the outbreak of the World War I, a conflict that resulted in the fall of the German Empire. Born into a prominent family of Danish-German aristocrats, Bülow entered the German foreign service after his father, Bernhard Ernst von Bülow, was appointed foreign secretary in Otto von Bismarck's government. He held several diplomatic posts, including German ambassador to Rome, before being appointed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Von Brudermann
Rudolf Nikolaus Ritter von Brudermann (from 1919 Rudolf Brudermann; 9 January 1851 Gyöngyös, Hungary – 21 January 1941 Kaltenleutgeben, Lower Austria, Austria) was an Austro-Hungarian ''General der Kavallerie'' (general of the cavalry) during World War I. He led Austria-Hungary's Third Army during the Battle of Galicia. Personal life Brudermann was a son of ''Generalmajor'' ( Major General) Rudolf Johann von Brudermann (1810–1889) and his wife Gisela von Barbaczy (1815–1855). He had two brothers, Anton (1847–1881) and Adolf (1854–1945), and a sister, Gisela Elisabeth (1852–1917). His brothers also pursued a military career. He married Marie Albine, ''née'' Jürgens, on 2 July 1878. They had no children. Military career Brudermann began his training at the ''Kadettenanstalt'' (Cadet Institute) in Hainburg an der Donau and attended the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt from 1865 to 1869. On 1 September 1869 he was commissioned as a ''Leutnant'' (lieu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felix Graf Von Bothmer
Felix Ludwig Graf von Bothmer (10 December 1852 – 18 March 1937) was a German general from Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavaria. He notably served in the Brusilov offensive of World War I. Military Career and After After completing the royal pagery, Graf von Bothmer joined the Bavarian Army on 12 February 1871 serving with the Royal Bavarian Life Guards. He spent most of the following forty years serving in the Bavarian War Ministry or on the Chief of the General Staff (Kingdom of Bavaria), Royal Bavarian Army General Staff, with stints of line duty and three years in Berlin with the German General Staff, Prussian General Staff. Rising through the ranks; in 1910 he was promoted to ''General of the Infantry (Germany), General der Infanterie''. Before World War I Bothmer fractured a leg which rendered him unfit for field duty, resulting in him having to wait for a command until December. On 30 November 1914 he was appointed to command the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division at Ypres. On 22 Marc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Von Bonin
Albert Ferdinand Adolf Karl Friedrich von Bonin (11 November 1803 in Heeren, Altmark – 16 April 1872 in Berlin) was a corps commander of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Trautenau in 1866, and a colleague of Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz. He made his military career from Oberst (1851), Major general (1854) to Lieutenant general and adjutant of the king (1858). In 1863 he became Kommanierender General and 1864 General of the Infantry. During the Austro-Prussian War he commanded I Corps. He was beaten back at Trautenau, before participating in the Battle of Königgrätz The Battle of Königgrätz (or Sadowa) was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. It took place on 3 July 1866, near the Bohemian city of Hradec Králové (German: Königgrä .... Honours and awards * : Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (military), ''27 January 1861'' References * Spehr, Ludwig Ferdinand: "Bonin, Adolf von", ''Allge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moritz Von Bissing
Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von Bissing (30 January 1844 – 18 April 1917) was a German officer from Prussia. Life and pre-WWI army career Bissing was born at Ober Bellmannsdorf in the Province of Silesia. He was the son of Moritz von Bissing, a member of the landed gentry who was known to speak his mind to the Kaiser. In 1865 Bissing entered the Prussian Army as a lieutenant in the cavalry, and he soon saw active service in the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. Gaining steady promotion, in 1887 the young Major was appointed as an aide-de-camp to the crown prince, who later became the Emperor Wilhelm II. He served in the guards cavalry until 1897, when he was given command of the 29th Infantry Division. From 1901 to 1907 Bissing commanded the VII Army Corps in Münster. In 1902 he was promoted to General of the Cavalry, and he retired from the army in 1908. First World War Upon the outbreak of the First World War, Bissing was recalled to active duty as dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
