Hans Adolf Julius von Bülow (1816-1897) was a
General of the Artillery in the
Imperial German Army
The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Kingdom o ...
. He was the Inspector-General of Artillery from 1879 to 1882. He retired when he had conflicts with
Georg von Kameke
Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke (14 April 1817, in Pasewalk – 12 October 1893, in Berlin) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War.
Life
Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke was the son of Prussian army officer Georg Christian Fried ...
, the
Minister of War
A ministry of defence or defense (see American and British English spelling differences#-ce.2C -se, spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and Mi ...
.
Biography
Hans von Bülow was born in the
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...
as first-born of his father, Werner Ludwig von Bülow. He had one younger sister, and one younger brother. After serving as cadet, he became a second lieutenant on 5 August, 1833. During the time of peace, Bülow increased his knowledge and his skills as he rose the ranks. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1844, Hauptmann in 1851, and Major in 1858. In 1859, he became commander of the fortress battalion of the 6th Artillery Regiment. In 1861, he became Oberstleutnant and in 1864, he got command of the 7th Field Artillery Regiment. On 18 June, 1865, Bülow was promoted to
Oberst
''Oberst'' () is a senior field officer rank in several German language, German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the Army, ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, a ...
.
He participated in the
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War (German: ''Preußisch-Österreichischer Krieg''), also known by many other names,Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Second War of Unification, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), ''Deutsc ...
at the head of his regiment, which was part of the
Army of the Elbe. Bülow had learned from Zivar that Eisenach had been re-seated during the night, but only by 2 battalions. Under these circumstances he thought he could deviate from the order he had received to return to the camp and instead advanced with his brigade as far as Lupnik and Stochausen close to Eises. At the same time, 1 battalion, 1 pioneer detachment, 1 squadron, 2 cannons, the former on wagons, were sent to Mechterstadt to destroy the railway and to prevent any movement from Gotha. Bülow saw action in the
Battle of Münchengrätz. During the
Battle of Königgrätz
The Battle of Königgrätz (or Sadowa) was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. It took place on 3 July 1866, near the Bohemian city of Hradec Králové (German: Königgrä ...
he brought the corps artillery, two regiments, to the battlefield around 12:30. However they were too far to the rear to be used effectively. This kept
Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld
Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld (4 September 1796 – 2 September 1884) was a Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall''. He served in many military conflicts throughout the 19th century and was given major commands throughout each conflict.
Origin ...
from ordering a major attack against the Austrians. For his services he was awarded 3rd class of
Order of the Crown on 20 September 1866.
Bülow was promoted to
Generalmajor
is the Germanic languages, Germanic variant of major general, used in a number of Central Europe, Central and Northern European countries.
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
is the second lowest general officer rank in the Royal Danish Army and R ...
on 18 June 1869.
In 1869, Bülow became a Knight of Honour of the
Order of Saint John
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), is a Catholic Church, Catholic Military order (religious society), military order. It was founded in the Crusader states, crusader K ...
.
Bülow took part in the
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...
, during which he played a more important role. He became commander of the
III Corps's Reserve Artillery. He participated in
Battle of Mars-la-Tour
The Battle of Mars-la-Tour (also known as the Battle of Vionville or Battle of Rezonville) was fought on 16 August 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, near the village of Mars-La-Tour in northeast France. One Prussian corps, reinforced by tw ...
and was awarded with both classes of the
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire (1871–1918), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The design, a black cross pattée with a white or silver outline, was derived from the in ...
.
Afterwards, on 21 September 1871, von Bülow became commander of 1st Guards Field Artillery Brigade. On the same day, Bülow ordered both field batteries and horse artillery to trot forward to
Vernéville, to reinforce
IX Corps 9 Corps, 9th Corps, Ninth Corps, or IX Corps may refer to:
France
* 9th Army Corps (France)
* IX Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars
Germany
* IX Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German ...
. He distinguished himself by the new usage of artillery during the Franco-Prussian War. Bülow knew how to keep in perfect fighting condition without suffering great losses; during the
Second Battle of Orléans, his insightful leadership succeeded in driving the enemy. For his wartime services he received the prestigious
Pour le Mérite
The (; , ), also informally known as the ''Blue Max'' () after German WWI flying ace Max Immelmann, is an order of merit established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. Separated into two classes, each with their own designs, the was ...
on 2 December 1872.
He was promoted to
Generalleutnant
() is the German-language variant of lieutenant general, used in some German speaking countries.
Austria
Generalleutnant is the second highest general officer rank in the Austrian Armed Forces (''Bundesheer''), roughly equivalent to the NATO ...
in September 1873. As a Generalleutnant, Bülow was awarded the
Order of the Iron Crown
The Order of the Iron Crown () was an order of merit that was established on 5 June 1805 in the Kingdom of Italy by Napoleon Bonaparte under his title of Napoleon I, King of Italy.
The order took its name from the ancient Iron Crown of Lombard ...
(first class), the
Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle () was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, o ...
(second class), and the Grand Cross of the
Albert Order
The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, s ...
. After the death of
Eugen Anton Theophil von Podbielski, Bülow proceeded him as Inspector General of Artillery. However, he had conflicts with Prussian Minister of War
Georg von Kameke
Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke (14 April 1817, in Pasewalk – 12 October 1893, in Berlin) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War.
Life
Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke was the son of Prussian army officer Georg Christian Fried ...
and retired on 12 December 1882 with the
character of a
General of the Infantry General of the infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to:
* General of the Infantry (Austria)
* General of the Infantry (Bulgaria)
* General of the Infantry (Germany)
General of the Infantry (, abbr. ) is ...
. He resided at Berlin after his retirement.
On the 25th anniversary of Mars-la-Tour, Kaiser
Wilhelm II
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until Abdication of Wilhelm II, his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as th ...
awarded him the rank of General der Artillerie. He died on 9 December 1897 in Berlin.
Honours
Prussian Orders
*
Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle () was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, o ...
2nd Class
*
Order of the Crown 3rd Class
*
Pour le Mérite
The (; , ), also informally known as the ''Blue Max'' () after German WWI flying ace Max Immelmann, is an order of merit established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. Separated into two classes, each with their own designs, the was ...
(military), ''2 December 1872
''
* 1870
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire (1871–1918), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The design, a black cross pattée with a white or silver outline, was derived from the in ...
1st & 2nd Class
*
Order of Saint John
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), is a Catholic Church, Catholic Military order (religious society), military order. It was founded in the Crusader states, crusader K ...
, ''1869''
*Service Award Cross
Other German States
* Grand Cross of
Albert Order
The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, s ...
Foreign Orders
*
Order of the Iron Crown
The Order of the Iron Crown () was an order of merit that was established on 5 June 1805 in the Kingdom of Italy by Napoleon Bonaparte under his title of Napoleon I, King of Italy.
The order took its name from the ancient Iron Crown of Lombard ...
1st Class
References
Literature
* Magnus von Eberhardt: Hans von Bülow. In: ''Pomeranian Life Pictures''. Volume II, Saunier, Stettin 1936, pp. 144–159.
* Kurt von Priesdorff: ''
Soldatisches Führertum''. Volume 8, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated
amburg undated
941 pp. 103–105, no. 2501.
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulow, Hans von
1816 births
1897 deaths
People from Wejherowo County
Military personnel from the Province of Prussia
German untitled nobility
Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
Generals of Artillery (Prussia)
Prussian people of the Austro-Prussian War
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 1st class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class