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2C-tBu
2C-tBu, or 2C-t-Bu, also known as 4-''tert''-butyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist and putative serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is a potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist (Ki = 9.9–35nM, = 4.2nM) and also binds to the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 7–24nM). The drug produces a robust head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. It also produces hyperlocomotion in rodents. The active dosage in humans is >5mg per Daniel Trachsel and its duration is unknown. Initial tests with 7mg and with 10mg (as 5mg plus 5mg 2hours apart) produced no psychedelic effects in humans, but instead induced a pronounced and long-lasting tiredness. It was hypothesized that 2C-tBu might be a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and might thereby be hypnotic, but it was instead shown to be an agonist in subsequent studies. See also * 2C-Bu * 2C-iBu 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isobutylphenethylamine (2C- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-Bu
2C-Bu, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-butylphenethylamine, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It has been said by Daniel Trachsel to be completely unknown. 2C-Bu is the 2C analogue of the DOx derivative DOBU, which is active but does not appear to have psychedelic-type effects in either animals or humans. 2C-Bu has several notable skeletal isomers, including 2C-iBu, 2C-tBu, and 2C-sBu. 2C-iBu and 2C-tBu are both active and produce hallucinogen-type effects in animals and/or humans. This is in spite of 2C-tBu being predicted to be inactive and DOTB (the DOx analogue of 2C-tBu) being inactive as a hallucinogen in animals and humans. 2C-iBu may have reduced hallucinogenic potency than other 2C drugs and is being developed as a potential anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation, fever or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic substituted phenethylamine, phenethylamines containing Methoxy, methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 carbon, positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolism, metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are oral administration, orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have duration of action, durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOTB
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-''tert''-butylamphetamine (DOTB or DOtBu) is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. Dosage and effects According to Alexander Shulgin and colleagues, DOTB has been found to be inactive in humans at oral doses of up to 25mg. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics DOTB binds with high affinity to the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including to the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and, to about a 10-fold lesser extent, to the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor. It has been found to act as a partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with an intrinsic efficacy of about 30% for phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and about half of the efficacy of (''R'')-DOB. DOTB has also been assessed and found to act as a partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor ( = 69%). The drug appeared to be inactive in animals in the conditioned avoidance test in rodents. DOTB only partially substituted for DOM in rodent dru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-iBu
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isobutylphenethylamine (2C-iBu or 2C-IB), also known by its developmental code name ELE-02, is a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist, serotonergic psychedelic, and anti-inflammatory drug which is under development for the treatment of inflammation. It is a member of the phenethylamine and 2C families of compounds. The drug is being developed as a topical eye drop for treatment of inflammatory eye conditions. There is also interest in 2C-iBu and related drugs for treatment of systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. 2C-iBu was not assessed or discovered by Alexander Shulgin and was not described in ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved'') (1991). However, he did include 2C-iBu (as "2C-IB") as a DOM analogue in a table in '' The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds'' (2011). In addition, he stated in a footnote that a 5mg oral dose of 2C-iBu produces threshold activity and has a long duration of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Agonist
A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors. They activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors. Non-selective agonists Serotonergic psychedelics such as tryptamines (e.g., psilocybin, psilocin, , 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin), lysergamides (e.g., , ergine ()), phenethylamines (e.g., mescaline, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe), and amphetamines (e.g., , ) are non-selective agonists of serotonin receptors. Their hallucinogenic effects are specifically mediated by activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. Drugs that increase extracellular serotonin levels such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, venlafaxine), serotonin releasing agents (e.g., fenfluramine, ), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, moclobemide) are indirect non-selective serotonin receptor agonists. They are used variously as antidepressant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss people, Swiss chemist who studies psychedelic drug, psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen chemical compound, compounds, including their psychoactive drug, psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experimentation, self-experiments. According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book ''Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion'' (''Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function'') is in the process of being translated into English. It is being independently translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also by chemist David Carlson. Compounds Compounds that were first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Phenethylamines
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. They produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT2A Agonists
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS. Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypnotic
A hypnotic (from Ancient Greek, Greek ''Hypnos'', sleep), also known as a somnifacient or soporific, and commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to sleep induction, induce sleep and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness). This group of drugs is related to sedatives''. ''Whereas the term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or Anxiolytic, relieve anxiety, the term hypnotic generally describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs. Hypnotic drugs are regularly prescribed for insomnia and other sleep disorders, with over 95% of insomnia patients being prescribed hypnotics in some countries. Many hypnotic drugs are habit-forming and—due to many factors kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Receptor Antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist. Antagonist drugs interfere in the natural operation of receptor proteins.Pharmacology Guide: In vitro pharmacology: concentration-response curves ." '' GlaxoWellcome.'' Retrieved on December 6, 2007. They are sometimes called blockers; examples include alpha blockers, beta b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiredness
Fatigue is a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy. It is a symptom of any of various diseases; it is not a disease in itself. Fatigue (in the medical sense) is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, chronic pain conditions, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found. Fatigue (in the general usage sense of normal tiredness) often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance. Definition Fatigue in a medical context is used to cover ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
