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2C-Bu
2C-Bu, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-butylphenethylamine, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It has been said by Daniel Trachsel to be completely unknown. 2C-Bu is the 2C analogue of the DOx derivative DOBU, which is active but does not appear to have psychedelic-type effects in either animals or humans. 2C-Bu has several notable skeletal isomers, including 2C-iBu, 2C-tBu, and 2C-sBu. 2C-iBu and 2C-tBu are both active and produce hallucinogen-type effects in animals and/or humans. This is in spite of 2C-tBu being predicted to be inactive and DOTB (the DOx analogue of 2C-tBu) being inactive as a hallucinogen in animals and humans. 2C-iBu may have reduced hallucinogenic potency than other 2C drugs and is being developed as a potential anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation, fever or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic substituted phenethylamine, phenethylamines containing Methoxy, methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 carbon, positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolism, metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are oral administration, orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have duration of action, durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-P
2C-P, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine, is a relatively potent and long-acting psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. Dosage In his book ''PiHKAL'', Shulgin listed 2C-P's dosage range as 6–10 mg and wrote that while most reports with dosages between 6 and 12 mg were favorable, "there was one report of an experience in which a single dosage of 16 mg was clearly an overdose, with the entire experiment labeled a physical disaster, not to be repeated." He cautioned readers regarding dosing with 2C-P by commenting that "a consistent observation is that there may not be too much latitude in dosage between that which would be modest, or adequate, and that which would be excessive. The need for individual titration would be most important with this compound." 2C-P is one of the most potent compounds in the 2C family of psychedelics, rivaled only by 2C-TFM. A wider dosage range of 1 to 16mg or more, with a dose estimate of 7mg, has also been rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOBU
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine (DOBU) is a lesser-known serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic of the amphetamine and DOx families. Effects DOBU was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'' and other publications, he and colleagues stated that doses of 1 to 3mg orally produced clear threshold effects and it was active at a dosage of slightly more than twice that of DOM. It was stated that 10mg DOBU was required to produce hallucinogenic effects. The drug's duration was listed as "very long". There was limited investigation on the qualitative effects of DOAM. However, in ''PiHKAL'', at the assessed doses of 2.2mg and 2.8mg, it was described as producing paresthesia and difficulty sleeping with few other effects. Pharmacology Compared to shorter chain homologues such as DOM, DOET, and DOPR which are all potent hallucinogens, DOBU has an even higher serotonin 5-HT2 receptor affinity. It has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-iBu
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isobutylphenethylamine (2C-iBu or 2C-IB), also known by its developmental code name ELE-02, is a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist, serotonergic psychedelic, and anti-inflammatory drug which is under development for the treatment of inflammation. It is a member of the phenethylamine and 2C families of compounds. The drug is being developed as a topical eye drop for treatment of inflammatory eye conditions. There is also interest in 2C-iBu and related drugs for treatment of systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. 2C-iBu was not assessed or discovered by Alexander Shulgin and was not described in ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved'') (1991). However, he did include 2C-iBu (as "2C-IB") as a DOM analogue in a table in '' The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds'' (2011). In addition, he stated in a footnote that a 5mg oral dose of 2C-iBu produces threshold activity and has a long duration of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-tBu
2C-tBu, or 2C-t-Bu, also known as 4-''tert''-butyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist and putative serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is a potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist (Ki = 9.9–35nM, = 4.2nM) and also binds to the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 7–24nM). The drug produces a robust head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. It also produces hyperlocomotion in rodents. The active dosage in humans is >5mg per Daniel Trachsel and its duration is unknown. Initial tests with 7mg and with 10mg (as 5mg plus 5mg 2hours apart) produced no psychedelic effects in humans, but instead induced a pronounced and long-lasting tiredness. It was hypothesized that 2C-tBu might be a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and might thereby be hypnotic, but it was instead shown to be an agonist in subsequent studies. See also * 2C-Bu * 2C-iBu 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isobutylphenethylamine (2C- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles D
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was '' Ċearl'' or ''Ċeorl'', as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England. The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as ''Karolus'' (as in ''Vita Karoli Magni''), later also as '' Carolus''. Etymology The name's etymology is a Common Germanic noun ''*karilaz'' meaning "free man", which survives in English as churl (James (wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-">ĝer-, where the ĝ is a palatal consonant, meaning "to rub; to be old; grain." An old man has been worn away and is now grey with age. In some Slavic languages, the name ''Drago (given name), Drago'' (and variants: ''Dragom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation, fever or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain. Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies. Drugs Clinically approved Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs alleviate pain by counteracting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme involved in pain mechanisms. Some common examples of NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, block the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin, inhibiting inflammation and pain. Analgesics commonly associated with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen (paracetamol), hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects. Types of potency The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potency as follows: Miscellaneous Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Shulgin
Laura Ann Shulgin ( Gotlieb; March 22, 1931 – July 9, 2022) was an American author and the wife of chemist Alexander Shulgin, with whom she wrote ''PiHKAL'' and '' TiHKAL''. Life and career Laura Ann Gotlieb Detailed biography of Ann Shulgin was born in Wellington, New Zealand, to parents Bernard Gotlieb and Gwen Ormiston, but grew up in the village Opicina outside the Italian city Trieste. Her father was U.S. Consul in Trieste for six years before World War II. Later in her childhood she lived in the U.S., Cuba, and Canada. She studied art and became an artist, married an artist and had a child, and they later divorced. She had two more marriages ending in divorce and had three more children. Ann went back to work as a medical transcriber, and met Alexander ("Sasha") Shulgin in 1978; they were married on 4 July 1981 in their back yard. She worked as a lay therapist with psychedelic substances such as MDMA and 2C-B in therapeutic settings while these drugs were still legal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander T
Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha, Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar, Skander, Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
