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1960 In Spaceflight (January–April)
This is a list of spaceflights launched between January and April 1960. For launches between May and August, see 1960 in spaceflight (May–August), for launches between September and December, see 1960 in spaceflight (September–December). For an overview of the whole year, see 1960 in spaceflight. Orbital launches , colspan=8 style="background:white;", February , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", March , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", April , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", Suborbital launches , colspan=8 style="background:white;", January , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", February , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", March , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", April , - , colspan=8 style="background:white;", May , - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaceflight
Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflights operate either by telerobotic or autonomous control. The first spaceflights began in the 1950s with the launches of the Soviet Sputnik satellites and American Explorer and Vanguard missions. Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz, Shenzhou, the past Apollo Moon landing and the Space Shuttle programs. Other current spaceflight are conducted to the International Space Station and to China's Tiangong Space Station. Spaceflights include the launches of Earth observation and telecommunications satellites, interplanetary missions, the rendezvouses and dockings with space stations, and crewed spaceflights on sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pioneer 5
''Pioneer 5'' (also known as Pioneer P-2, and Able 4, and nicknamed the "Paddle-Wheel Satellite") was a spin-stabilized space probe in the NASA Pioneer program used to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus. It was launched on 11 March 1960 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17A at 13:00:00 UTC with an on-orbit dry mass of . It was a diameter sphere with span across its four solar panels and achieved a solar orbit of 0.806 × 0.995 AU (121,000,000 by 149,000,000 km). Data was received until 30 April 1960. Among other accomplishments, the probe confirmed the existence of interplanetary magnetic fields. ''Pioneer 5'' was the most successful probe in the Pioneer/Able series. The original mission plan was for a launch in November 1959 where ''Pioneer 5'' would conduct a flyby of Venus, but technical issues prevented the launch from occurring until early 1960 by which time the Venus window for the year had closed. Since it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luna (rocket)
The Luna 8K72 vehicles were carrier rockets used by the Soviet Union for nine space probe launch attempts in the Luna programme between 23 September 1958 and 16 April 1960. Like many other Soviet launchers of that era, the Luna 8K72 vehicles were derived from the R-7 Semyorka design, part of the R-7 (rocket family), which was also the basis for the Vostok and modern Soyuz rocket. The 8K72 was the first R-7 variant explicitly designed as a carrier rocket and it incorporated a few features that became standard on all later R-7 carrier rockets including thicker tank walls to support the weight of upper stages and the AVD malfunction detection system, which would terminate engine thrust if the booster's operating parameters (engine performance, electrical power, or flight trajectory) deviated from normal. Launches Luna 8K72 was launched nine times from Baikonur LC-1/5: The first flight of a Luna 8K72 (September 1958), which was to launch the Luna E-1 No.1 probe, ended 92 second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solrad
SOLRAD (short for "SOLar RADiation," sometimes presented as "SOLRAD") was an American series of satellites sponsored by the United States Navy, US Navy in a program to continuously monitor the Sun. SOLRAD was the NRL, Naval Research Laboratory's first post-Project Vanguard, Vanguard satellite. Background Until the John F. Kennedy, Kennedy administration, American satellite launches were unclassified. As a result, the United States Air Force and the Navy found themselves in the awkward position of wanting to orbit spy satellites but not reveal their nature to potential enemies. Just as the Air Force elected to pair their capsule film recovery satellites with biological payloads under the Corona (satellite), Discoverer program, so did the Navy develop a scientific cover for its Galactic Radiation and Background, GRAB series of radio/radar surveillance (ELINT) satellites. The field of solar X-ray astronomy lent itself well to such an application. As the Earth's atmosphere absorb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navigation Satellite
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning. A satellite navigation system with global coverage is termed global navigation satellite system (GNSS). , four global systems are operational: the United States's Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the European Union's Galileo. Two regional systems are operational: India's NavIC and Japan's QZSS. '' Satellite-based augmentation systems'' (SBAS), designed to enhance the accuracy of GNSS, include Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), India's GAGAN and the European EGNOS, all of them based on GPS. Previous iterations of the BeiDou navigation system and the present Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), operationally known as NavIC, are examples of stand-alone operating regional navigation satellite systems (RNSS). Satellite navigation dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transit 1B
The Transit system, also known as NAVSAT or NNSS (for ''Navy Navigation Satellite System''), was the first satellite navigation system to be used operationally. The radio navigation system was primarily used by the U.S. Navy to provide accurate location information to its Polaris ballistic missile submarines, and it was also used as a navigation system by the Navy's surface ships, as well as for hydrographic survey and geodetic surveying. Transit provided continuous navigation satellite service from 1964, initially for Polaris submarines and later for civilian use as well. In the Project DAMP Program, the missile tracking ship USAS American Mariner also used data from the satellite for precise ship's location information prior to positioning its tracking radars. History The Transit satellite system, sponsored by the Navy and developed jointly by DARPA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, under the leadership of Dr. Richard Kershner at Johns Hopkins, was the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restart (rocketry)
Restart may refer to: Computing * Reboot (computing), the act of restarting a computer * Reset (computing), bringing the system to normal condition or an initial state Music * Restart (band), a Brazilian band * ''Restart'' (Restart album), Restart's debut studio album * ''Restart'' (Newsboys album), 2013 * ''Restart'' (Bilal song), 2010 * ''Restart'' (Nnadia Chan album), 2003 * "Restart" (Kotoko song), 2012 * The Restarts, a street punk band from London, England Other * Restart (training course), a program in the United Kingdom for people who were long-term unemployed * Re:START, a temporary shopping mall in Christchurch, New Zealand * Restart, a novel by Gordon Korman. * Restart (group), Iranian opposition group based in California, U.S. See also * Booting * Reboot (other) * Reset (other) * Restarter (other) * Start (other) Start can refer to multiple topics: * Takeoff, the phase of flight where an aircraft transitions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thor-Ablestar
The Thor-Ablestar, or Thor-Able-Star, also known as Thor-Epsilon was an early American expendable launch system consisting of a PGM-17 Thor missile, with an Ablestar upper stage. It was a member of the Thor family of rockets, and was derived from the Thor-Able. The Ablestar second stage was an enlarged version of the Able, which gave the Thor-Ablestar a greater payload capacity compared to the Thor-Able. It also incorporated restart capabilities, allowing a multiple-burn trajectory to be flown, further increasing payload, or allowing the rocket to reach different orbits. It was the first rocket to be developed with such a capability and development of the stage took a mere eight months. Two versions were built; the Thor-Ablestar 1, with a DM-21 Thor and an AJ-10-104 second stage engine, and the Thor-Ablestar 2, which had a DSV-2A Thor first stage, and an uprated AJ-10-104D engine on the second stage. Thor-Ablestar 1 launches occurred from LC-17 at Cape Canaveral, and Thor-Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather Satellite
A weather satellite or meteorological satellite is a type of Earth observation satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites are mainly of two types: polar orbiting (covering the entire Earth asynchronously) or geostationary (hovering over the same spot on the equator). While primarily used to detect the development and movement of storm systems and other cloud patterns, meteorological satellites can also detect other phenomena such as city lights, fires, effects of pollution, auroras, sand and dust storms, snow cover, ice mapping, boundaries of ocean currents, and energy flows. Other types of environmental information are collected using weather satellites. Weather satellite images helped in monitoring the volcanic ash cloud from Mount St. Helens and activity from other volcanoes such as Mount Etna. Smoke from fires in the western United States such as Colorado and Utah have also been monitored. El Niño and its effects on wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NOAA
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) is an American scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone. The agency is part of the United States Department of Commerce and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland. History NOAA traces its history back to multiple agencies, some of which are among the earliest in the federal government: * United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, formed in 1807 * Weather Bureau of the United States, formed in 1870 * Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, formed in 1871 (research fleet only) * Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps, formed in 1917 The most direct predecessor of NOAA was the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), into which several existing scientific agencies such as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TIROS-1
TIROS-1 (or TIROS-A) was the first operational weather satellite, the first of a series of ''Television Infrared Observation Satellites'' (TIROS) placed in low Earth orbit. Program The TIROS Program was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven. Since satellites were a new technology, the TIROS Program also tested various design issues for spacecraft: instruments, data and operational parameters. The goal was to improve satellite applications for Earth-bound decisions, such as "should we evacuate the coast because of the hurricane?". The TIROS-1 Program's first priority was the development of a Meteorology, meteorological satellite information system. Weather forecasting was deemed the most promising application of space-based observations. Spacecraft TIROS 1 was an 18-sided right Prism (geometry), prism, across opposite corners and hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highly Elliptical Orbit
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth. Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits. Many US satellites also have used these orbits, satellites such as the Trumpet electronics intelligence satellites. The acronym HEO normally is expanded to Highly Eccentric Orbit by orbital analysts since all orbits around planets, etc are ellipses - the term "highly elliptical" is not very clear as to what is exaggerated. It would be more proper to call these orbits "elongated" than "highly elliptical". Highly eccentric orbits have two main uses - as transfer orbits and as good orbits for communication with or surveillance of the Polar regions. The transfer orbit was proposed by the German scientist Walter Hohmann in 1925, it connects two circular orbits, a lower one and a higher one, with an eccentric orbit. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
