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Ḫartapus
Ḫartapus or Kartapus was an Anatolian king who in the early 8th century BCE ruled a state in what is presently the region of Konya in modern Turkey. Name The name of this king was variously written as: *Ḫartapus: ** ** ** *and Kartapus: Etymology The name Ḫartapus/Kartapus is not attested outside of this king's inscriptions and it does not correspond to Hittite language, Hittite or Luwian language, Luwian naming conventions, and was thus a non-Luwian name. It has therefore been interpreted as a Luwian pronunciation of a non-Luwian name. Alternative reading An alternative reading of this king's name could be or , which might be composed of the Anatolian suffix , and whose root might also be found in the toponyms () and (). Dating The monuments of Ḫartapus show a discrepancy between their art style, which show Neo-Assyrian influence, and their palaeography, which reflects a style from the 13th century BCE. Additionally, Ḫartapus himself is not known outside of his o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasusarmas
Wasusarmas () was a Luwians, Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite states, Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tabal (state), Tabal proper in the Tabal (region), broader Tabalian region who reigned during the mid-8th century BC, from around to . Name Pronunciation The Luwian name was pronounced as . Etymology The name was theophoric in nature, and was composed of the name of the Hurrians, Hurrian god Šarruma, to which was prefixed the Luwian term , meaning , and which was itself a cognate of Palaic (), meaning , and of Sanskrit () and Avestan (), both also meaning . In Akkadian Wasusarmas is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as or (). Life Wasusarmas was the son of the previous king of Tabal, Tuwattīs II. Both Wasusarmas and Tuwattīs II may have been part of a dynasty which had ruled Tabal for much of the 1st millennuum century BC, with an earlier king, Tuwattīs I, having ruled Tabal in the late 9th century BC, and who might have been an ancestor of Tuwattīs II and Wasus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabal (state)
Tabal ( and ), later reorganised into Bīt-Burutaš () or Bīt-Paruta (), was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name The name given to the kingdom by the Neo-Assyrian Empire was likely an Akkadian term meaning "bank" or "shore" of a body of water, in reference to the kingdom and region of Tabal being on the southern bank of the Halys river. Due to an absence of relevant Luwian inscriptions, the native name of the kingdom of Tabal is still unknown. Usage The kingdom of Tabal was located in a region bounded by the Halys river, the Taurus Mountains, the Konya Plain and the Anti-Taurus Mountains, and which was occupied by a cluster of Syro-Hittite states. The Neo-Assyrian Empire used the name of Tabal in a narrow sense to refer to the kingdom of Tabal and in a broader sense to designate both this larger region of which the kingdom was part of and to the other states within this region collectively. Modern scholarshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bīt-Burutaš
Tabal ( and ), later reorganised into Bīt-Burutaš () or Bīt-Paruta (), was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name The name given to the kingdom by the Neo-Assyrian Empire was likely an Akkadian term meaning "bank" or "shore" of a body of water, in reference to the kingdom and region of Tabal being on the southern bank of the Halys river. Due to an absence of relevant Luwian inscriptions, the native name of the kingdom of Tabal is still unknown. Usage The kingdom of Tabal was located in a region bounded by the Halys river, the Taurus Mountains, the Konya Plain and the Anti-Taurus Mountains, and which was occupied by a cluster of Syro-Hittite states. The Neo-Assyrian Empire used the name of Tabal in a narrow sense to refer to the kingdom of Tabal and in a broader sense to designate both this larger region of which the kingdom was part of and to the other states within this region collectively. Modern scholarship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurunta (king)
Kurunta () was a Hittite prince, a younger son of the early 13th century BC Hittite great king Muwatalli II, brother of Muršili III, nephew of Ḫattušili III, and cousin of Tudḫaliya IV. Kurunta was made king of the Land of Tarḫuntašša by his uncle Ḫattušili III. It has been suggested that he may have captured the Hittite capital for a very short time during the reign of the Hittite king Tudḫaliya IV and declared himself a great king. Name His Luwian name ''Kurunta'' referenced a namesake god, one of the patron deities in the Hittite pantheon. As customary for the later Hittite princes, Kurunta also had a Hurrian name ''Ulmi-Teššub'' (spelled also ''Ulmi-Teshup"''). The names of the gods and the monarchs are derived from a Proto-Indo-European root ''*ker-'', meaning 'head', 'horn'. In the Anatolian branch, the root originated Hittite ''kara=war-'' and Cuneiform Luwian ''zarwaniya'' ('pertaining to horn'). Life Most of the information about Kurunta is known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashurnasirpal II
Ashur-nasir-pal II (transliteration: ''Aššur-nāṣir-apli'', meaning " Ashur is guardian of the heir") was the third king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 883 to 859 BC. Ashurnasirpal II succeeded his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II. His son and successor was Shalmaneser III and his queen was Mullissu-mukannišat-Ninua. Reign During his reign he embarked on a vast program of expansion, first conquering the peoples to the north in Asia Minor as far as Nairi and exacting tribute from Phrygia, then invading Aram (modern Syria) conquering the Aramaeans and Neo-Hittites between the Khabur and the Euphrates Rivers. The palaces, temples and other buildings raised by him bear witness to a considerable development of wealth and art. Cruelty Ashurnasirpal II was notorious for his brutality, using enslaved captives to build a new Assyrian capital at Kalhu (Nimrud) in Mesopotamia where he built many impressive monuments. He was also a shrewd administrator, who realized that he could gain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history. Beginning with the accession of Adad-nirari II in 911 BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire grew to dominate the ancient Near East and parts of South Caucasus, North Africa and East Mediterranean throughout much of the 9th to 7th centuries BC, becoming the List of largest empires, largest empire in history up to that point. Because of its geopolitical dominance and ideology based in world domination, the Neo-Assyrian Empire has been described as the first world empire in history. It influenced other empires of the ancient world culturally, administratively, and militarily, including the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Neo-Babylonians, the Achaemenid dynasty, Achaemenids, and the Seleucid Empire, Seleucids. At its height, the empire was the strongest military power in the world and ruled over all of Mesopotamia, the Levant and Egypt, as well as parts of Anatolia, Arabian Peninsula, Arabia and modern-day Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syro-Hittite States
The states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram. They arose following the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom in the 12th century BCE, and lasted until they were subdued by the Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE. They are grouped together by scholars, on the basis of several cultural criteria, that are recognized as similar and mutually shared between both societies, northern ( Luwian) and southern ( Aramaean). Cultural exchange between those societies is seen as a specific regional phenomenon, particularly in light of significant linguistic distinctions between the two main regional languages, with Luwian belonging to the Anatolian group of Indo-European languages and Aramaic belonging to the Northwest Semitic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Türkmen-Karahöyük
Türkmen-Karahöyük is an archaeological site in Turkey located in the Konya plain. It is situated on a large hill north of the village of the same name. The ancient name of the place is unknown. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Çatalhöyük is located only about twenty kilometers to the west of Türkmen-Karahöyük. Archaeology The archaeological significance of the site was first identified in 2017 during a survey of the mound. James F. Osborne therefore started the Türkmen-Karajöyük Intensive Survey Project (TISP) in 2018, and the site was examined in more detail in the summer of 2019. The area of the mound and its surroundings were systematically examined for ceramic shards and other artifacts and statistically evaluated. Based on the ceramics found, and an inscription in hieroglyphic Luwian language script, it was shown that the site was important from the Bronze Age to antiquity. Location The Konya plain was a well-watered and fertile region in ancient times, and T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nineveh
Nineveh ( ; , ''URUNI.NU.A, Ninua''; , ''Nīnəwē''; , ''Nīnawā''; , ''Nīnwē''), was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul (itself built out of the Assyrian town of Mepsila) in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital and largest city of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, as well as the largest city in the world for several decades. Today, it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and the country's Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it. It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria, it was sacked by a coalition of its former subject peoples including the Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians. The city was never again a political or administrative centre, but by Late Antiquity it was the seat of an Assyrian Christian bishop of the Assyrian Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libbāli-šarrat
Libbāli-šarrat (Akkadian language, Akkadian: ''Libbāli-šarrat'', meaning "the inner city [=Ishtar?] is queen") was a queen of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as the primary consort of Ashurbanipal (669–631 BC). Libbāli-šarrat married Ashurbanipal before he became king, probably in 672 BC, and may have lived beyond her husband's death, as documents from the reign of her probable son, Ashur-etil-ilani (631–627 BC) reference the "mother of the king". Libbāli-šarrat enjoys the distinction of being the only known individual from ancient Assyria who was not a king to be depicted holding court since she is depicted in one of Ashurbanipal's reliefs as hosting him at dinner in the palace garden, surrounded by her own female servants. Life Wife of the crown prince It is not clear when Libbāli-šarrat married Ashurbanipal. The queen of Ashurbanipal's father Esarhaddon (681–669 BC), Ešarra-ḫammat, died in February 672 BC. Contemporary documents recording Ešarra-ḫammat's fune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum
Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum () is an open-air museum in Osmaniye Province, Turkey. Karatepe ("black hill") is the location while Aslantaş ("lion stone") refers to the lion figure on stone sculptures. The site is situated inside a national park with the same name. Location The museum is located north of the -high Karatepe at Kızyusuflu village in Kadirli district of Osmaniye Province. Its distance to Kadirli is and to Osmaniye . It is situated to the west of Aslantaş Dam resorvoir, and is part of the Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park. The location is named Karatepe-Aslantaş to distinguish it from other places with the name Aslantaş, which are named by the locals after lion stone statues. The museum ground is located on a hill in a woodland landscape overlooking the Andırın Plain, and is a peninsula surrounded on three sides by the Aslantaş Dam reservoir. History Karatepe is on the historic caravan trail, called ''Akyol'', ("white road") which connects Cilic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
