|
Лев Давидович Троцкий
Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky,; ; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky'' was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist. He was a key figure in the 1905 Revolution, October Revolution of 1917, Russian Civil War, and the establishment of the Soviet Union, from which he was exiled in 1929 before his assassination in 1940. Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were widely considered the two most prominent figures in the Soviet state from 1917 until Lenin's death in 1924. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Trotsky's ideas inspired a school of Marxism known as Trotskyism. Trotsky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1898, being arrested and exiled to Siberia for his activities. In 1902 he escaped to London, where he met Lenin. Trotsky initially sided with the Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks in the party's 1903 schism, but declared himself non-factional in 1904. Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Commissariat For Military And Naval Affairs
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union was the central Military administration, body of military command and control of the Soviet Armed Forces, Armed Forces of the Soviet Union from November 12, 1923, to March 15, 1934. History The People's Commissariat was formed from two independent People's Commissariats (Council of People's Commissars on War and Navy Affairs (Soviet Russia), for Military and for Naval Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Abolished in connection with the formation of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union. People's Commissars The People's Commissariat was headed by the People's Commissar; at various times in this position were: *Leon Trotsky – November 12, 1923 – January 26, 1925; *Mikhail Frunze – January 26 – October 31, 1925; *Kliment Voroshilov, Kliment Voroshilov – November 6, 1925 – June 20, 1934 References Externa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natalia Sedova
Natalia Ivanovna Sedova (, ; 5 April 1882 – 23 January 1962) was a Russian revolutionary and author known as the second wife of Leon Trotsky. She wrote on cultural matters pertaining to Marxism. Life Natalia was born in to the family of a wealthy merchant. Her father was of Cossack origins and her mother was from the Polish nobility. Sedova studied at the Kharkov Institute for Noble Maidens, from where she was expelled for participating in the revolutionary movement. Natalia met Leon Trotsky in late 1902, after his escape from Siberia. His first wife Aleksandra Sokolovskaya had remained behind, with their two daughters, and they were divorced soon thereafter. Natalia and Trotsky married in 1903. They had two children together, Lev Sedov (24 February 1906 – 16 February 1938) and Sergei Sedov (21 March 1908 – 29 October 1937), both of whom would predecease their parents. Trotsky later explained that after the 1917 revolution: However he never used the name "Sedov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee Of The 5th Congress Of The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
This Central Committee of the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was in session from 19 May 1907 until 17 January 1912. Plenums The Central Committee was not a permanent institution. It convened plenary sessions and meetings. One CC plenary session, fifteen meetings and one CC conference were held between the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), 5th Congress and the 6th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), 6th Conference. When the CC was not in session, decision-making power was vested in the internal bodies of the CC itself; that is, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Politburo, Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Secretariat and Orgburo. None of these bodies were permanent either; typically they convened several times a month. Composition Members Candidates Prospectives References Citations Bibliography * * {{Communist Party of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orgburo Of The 12th Congress Of The Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 12th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ... Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st plenary session of the 12th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 12th Congress. Full members Candidate members References {{Communist Party of the Soviet Union Orgburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orgburo Of The 8th Congress Of The Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 8th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 8th Congress. Full members Candidate members References Orgburo of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) {{Russia-election-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee Of The 14th Congress Of The All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), 14th Congress, and sat from 31 December 1925 until 19 December 1927. The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the 14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Politburo, 14th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Secretariat and the 14th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Organizational Bureau (OB) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Plenums The CC was not a permanent institution. It convened plenary sessions, one emergency session, four CC plenary sessions and six joint CC–Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Control Commission (CCC) plenary sessions were held between the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), 14th Congress and the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee Of The 6th Congress Of The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), 6th Congress, and sat from 3 August 1917 until 8 March 1918. The CC 1st Plenary Session established the Inner-composition of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), Narrow Composition (abolished October 1917), the Politburo (abolished November 1917) and the Bureau (established in November 1917), while sanctioning the establishment of the Secretariat on the orders of the Narrow Composition. Plenary sessions Composition Members Candidates Prospectives References General Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity (by clicking on the individual names on "The Central Committee elected by the VIth Party Congress (b) 3 (16) .8.1917 members" reference), the Central Committee full- and candidate membership, Bureau membership, Secretariat membership and Orgburo membership were taken from these sources: * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politburo Of The 14th Congress Of The All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was in session from 1 January 1926 to 19 December 1927. Composition Members Candidates References Notes {{Communist Party of the Soviet Union Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner-composition Of The 6th Congress Of The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
The inner-composition of the 6th Congress was elected by the sixth composition of the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). Narrow Composition Secretariat Politburo (elected on 10 October by CC) Bureau (elected on 29 November) General * * * * * References Notes {{DEFAULTSORT:Inner-composition of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Politburo of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Trotsky House Museum
The Leon Trotsky House Museum, Trotsky Museum, or Trotsky House Museum, () is a museum honoring Leon Trotsky and an organization that works to promote political asylum, located in the Coyoacán neighborhood of Mexico City. Its official name is Instituto del Derecho de Asilo - Museo Casa de León Trotsky (Right of Asylum Institute – Leon Trotsky House Museum). The center of the complex is the house where Trotsky and his second wife, Natalia Sedova, lived from April 1939 to August 1940, and where Trotsky was murdered. The house has been kept as it was at that time, especially the study in which Ramón Mercader killed Trotsky with an ice axe to the back of the head. Around the house is a garden and high walls with watchtowers. A former handball court—to the rear of the actual house—has been modified and incorporated into a library, contemporary gallery, permanent display, offices, and auditorium. It now serves as the main entrance to the museum on RÃo Churubusco 410. The prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statelessness
In international law, a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law". Some stateless people are also refugees. However, not all refugees are stateless, and many people who are stateless have never crossed an international border. At the end of 2022, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees published an estimation of 4.4 million people worldwide as either stateless or of undetermined nationality, 90,800 (+2%) more than at the end of 2021. However, the data itself is not complete because UNHCR does not have data from many countries, such as from at least 22 countries where mass statelessness exists. The data also does not include de facto stateless people who have no legal identification to prove their nationality or legal existence. According to the World Bank, at least 850 million fit that category. Given that the legal concept of nationality prevails in practice, completely undocumented people fit the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
