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Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin
Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin Efendi (; 1 March 1891 – 18 November 1947) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Şehzade Mehmed Şevket and the grandson of Sultan Abdulaziz. Early life Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin was born on 1 March 1891 in the Yıldız Palace. His father was Şehzade Mehmed Şevket, son of Sultan Abdulaziz and Neşerek Kadın, and his mother was Fatma Ruyinaz Hanım. He was only child of his parents. His father died when he was eight. In 1899, he was circumcised together with Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri, son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim, son of Şehzade Selim Süleyman. Military career Cemaleddin worked on the Libyan Front. He carried out guerrilla activities against the British in Egypt. He saw an active service during the First World War. He participated in the war with the rank of major general and fought on various fronts. He first served on the Gallipoli Front. He fought in the landing at Seddülbahir in 1915. There he fell ill and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yıldız Palace
Yıldız Palace (, ) is a vast complex of former imperial Ottoman Empire, Ottoman pavilions and villas in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, built in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was used as a residence by the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan and his court in the late 19th century. Origin Yıldız Palace, meaning "Star Palace", was built in 1880 and was used by the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, Abdülhamid II. The area of the palace was originally made of natural woodlands and became an imperial estate during the reign of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617). Various sultans after Ahmed I enjoyed vacationing on these lands and Sultans Abdulmejid I, Abdülmecid I and Abdulaziz, Abdülaziz built mansions here. The Yildiz Palace was a complex over a large area of hills and valleys. This was an example of traditional Ottoman architecture consisting of a complex of different buildings across a piece of land. The first pavilion was built by Sultan Selim III from 1798 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Osmanieh
The Order of Osmanieh (, Modern ) was a civil and military decoration of the Ottoman Empire. History The order was created in January 1862 by Sultan Abdülaziz. With the obsolescence of the Nişan-i Iftikhar, this became the second highest order in the Empire, ranking below the Nişan-i Imtiyaz. It was awarded by the Sultan to Ottoman civil servants and military leaders for outstanding services to the state. Generally, it could not be awarded to women, but exceptions appear to have been made at the Sultan's discretion. The order was originally established in three classes. In 1867 the order was expanded to four classes, plus an augmented first class set with brilliants or diamonds (This does not include the awards with sabers, which were not separate classes, but did constitute separate awards). The order was restricted (for Turkish recipients) to 50 members of the first class, 200 members of the second class, 1000 of the third class, and 2000 of the fourth class. Originally, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Distinction (Ottoman Empire)
The Nishan-e-Imtiaz or Order of Honour () was an order of the Ottoman Empire founded by Sultan Abdulmejid I.Turkey: The Exalted Order of Honour It was a higher honor than the and given to reward merit and outstanding services. It was revived on 17 December 1878 by Sultan Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He ove ...
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Order Of Glory (Ottoman Empire)
The Order of Glory (, ''Nişân-ı iftihâr'') was the second highest-ranking chivalric order of the Ottoman Empire, and was founded on 19 August 1831 by Sultan Mahmud II. The Order of Glory was not made obsolete by the institution of the Order of the Medjidie in 1851, but continued to be awarded during the reign of Abdul Hamid II. A chapter of the Ottoman Order of Glory was instituted in Tunisia in 1835 as the Order of Glory (Tunisia) by Mustafa ibn Mahmud, the Bey of Tunis. Recipients * Grand Cordons ** Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope ** Charles-Marie-Esprit Espinasse ** Prince Georg of Bavaria ** Shah Jahan Begum ** Marie-Pierre Kœnig ** Jagatjit Singh ** Walter Bedell Smith ** Jan Syrový ** Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder * Grand Officers ** Pierre Clostermann ** Henri Romans-Petit ** Washington Carroll Tevis * Commanders ** Bib Dod Pasha ** Pierre Billotte ** Prince Leopold of Bavaria ** Samuel Morse ** Kazimierz Porębski ** Bernard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Highness
Imperial Highness is a form of address used for members of an imperial family. It denotes ''imperial'' – as opposed to ''royal'' – status to show that the holder in question is descended from an emperor rather than a king (compare His/Her Royal Highness). It is typically used to address a prince or princess who is the child of the emperor and/or empress, or their spouse. Used with possessive pronouns such as his, her, or their, the title is abbreviated accordingly as H.I.H. or T.I.H. The first dynasty to use the style in Europe on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire. With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804, the style of members of its imperial family changed to ''Imperial Highness''. Following the Austro-Hungarian compromise with its creation of two intertwined but distinct st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Ottoman Empire (1882–1922)
Every sultan of the Ottoman Empire had his own monogram, called the ''tughra'', which served as a royal symbol. A coat of arms in the European heraldic sense was created in the late 19th century. Hampton Court requested from the Ottoman Empire a coat of arms to be included in their collection. As the coat of arms had not been previously used in the Ottoman Empire, it was designed following this request of Mahmud II, and the final design was adopted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on 17 April 1882. Design At the heart of the design is a shield adorned with a turban, which serves as the "crown" of the Ottoman monarch. Above the shield, a sun symbolizes the grandeur of the nation, upon which the sultan's tughra and chosen motto are inscribed. To the left, a red book and a green book represent the Islamic and modern laws of the empire. Atop these books, a scale stands as a symbol of justice. The blooming flowers near it also represents justice in Islamic symbolism. Encircling the shield are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaykh Al-Islām
Shaykh al-Islām (; ; , ''Sheykh-ol-Eslām''; , Sheikh''-ul-Islām''; , ) was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences.Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p 509-510. It first emerged in Khurasan towards the end of the 4th Islamic century. In the central and western lands of Islam, it was an informal title given to jurists whose fatwas were particularly influential, while in the east it came to be conferred by rulers to ulama who played various official roles but were not generally muftis. Sometimes, as in the case of Ibn Taymiyyah, the use of the title was subject to controversy. In the Ottoman Empire, starting from the early modern era, the title came to designate the chief mufti, who oversaw a hierarchy of state-appointed ulama. The Ottoman Sheikh al-Islam (French spelling: cheikh-ul-islam) performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kâzım Karabekir
Musa Kâzım Karabekir (also Kazim or Kiazim in English; 1882 – 26 January 1948) was a Turkish people, Turkish general and politician. He was the commander of the Eastern Front (Turkey), Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire during the Turkish War of Independence, and fought a successful military campaign against the First Republic of Armenia, Armenian Democratic Republic. He was the a founder and leader of the Progressive Republican Party (Turkey), Progressive Republican Party, the Turkey, Turkish Republic's first opposition party to Atatürk, though he and his party would be purged following the Sheikh Said revolt. He was rehabilitated with İsmet İnönü's ascension to the presidency in 1938 and served as List of Speakers of the Parliament of Turkey, Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey before his death. Early life Karabekir was born in 1882 as the son of an Ottoman general, Mehmet Emin Pasha, in the Kocamustafapaşa quarter of the Kuleli neighborhood of Istanbul, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolt Of Ahmet Anzavur
Anzavur Ahmed Anchok Pasha (; ; 1885 – 15 April 1921) was an Ottoman soldier, gendarme officer, pasha, and militia leader of Circassian origin. He became a guerrilla leader in Anatolia and started a series of unsuccessful revolts against the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly. Biography He served as a major during World War I and was affiliated with the Special Organization. After the Ottomans lost the war, he believed that the only route to salvation was to cooperate with the invading British forces, as he was loyal to the caliph, and he believed Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Turkish National Movement was not only blasphemous, but also would eventually fail and do nothing but anger the British-Greek forces. First revolt The first uprising of Ahmet Anzavur occurred in Manyas in October 1919. Anzavur's declaration to the people of Manyas was that he intended to capture or kill Hacim Muhittin Çarıklı, the Nationalist commander in the region of Balıkesir. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehib Pasha
Wehib Pasha also known as Vehip Pasha, Mehmed Wehib Pasha, Mehmet Vehip Pasha (modern Turkish: ''Kaçı Vehip Paşa'' or ''Mehmet Vehip (Kaçı)'', 1877–1940), was an Albanian general in the Ottoman Army. He fought in the Balkan Wars and in several theatres of World War I. In his later years, Vehib Pasha volunteered to serve as a military advisor to the Ethiopian Army against Fascist Italy during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. He served as the chief of staff to Nasibu Zeamanuel, the Ethiopian Commander-in-Chief on the southern front. Biography Vehib was born in 1877 in Yanya, Janina Vilayet (present day: Ioannina, Greece), then part of the Ottoman Empire. Coming from a prominent family of the city his father, Mehmet Emin Efendi, had served as its mayor. He was an Albanian.''Vehib Pasha, the Albanian, was perhaps a tiger; but he was likewise both valiant soldier and grand- seigneur.'' ( Rafael de Nogales, ''Four Years Beneath the Crescent'', C. Scribner's sons, 1926, p. 22. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria), by which Russia withdrew from World War I. The treaty, which followed months of negotiations after the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917, was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). The Soviet delegation was initially headed by Adolph Joffe, and key figures from the Central Powers included Max Hoffmann and Richard von Kühlmann of Germany, Ottokar Czernin of Austria-Hungary, and Talaat Pasha of the Ottoman Empire. In January 1918, the Central Powers demanded secession of all occupied territories of the former Russian Empire. The Soviets sent a new peace delegation led by Leon Trotsky, which aimed to stall the negotiations while awaiting revolutions in Central Europe. A renewed Central Powers offensive launched on February 18 captured large territories in the Baltic reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
