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Ériu
In Irish mythology, Ériu (; ), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron goddess of Ireland. The English name for Ireland comes from the name Ériu and the Germanic languages, Germanic (Old Norse or Old English) word ''land''. Since Ériu is represented as goddess of Ireland, she is often interpreted as a modern-day personification of Ireland, although since the name ''Ériu'' is the Old Irish form of the word Ireland, her modern name is often modified to ''Éire'' or ''Erin'' to suit a modern form. Name and etymology The name ''Ériu'' has been derived from reconstructed Archaic Irish ''*Īweriū'', which is related to the ethnic name Iverni.John T. Koch, Koch, John T. (2005), ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, p.709 The University of Wales derives this from Proto-Celtic *''Φīwerjon-'' (nominative singular ''Φīwerjō''). This is further derived from Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European ''*piHw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaic Irish
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish (), also called Proto-Goidelic, is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family. This phase of the language is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain between the 4th and the 6th century AD, before the advent of Old Irish. These inscriptions are referred to as Ogham inscription#Orthodox inscriptions, Orthodox Ogham, although scholastic use of the script continued residually until the early 19th century. Written records Primitive Irish is the oldest recorded form of the Goidelic languages. It was written in the Ogham alphabet, the usage of which can be divided into two phases, Ogham inscription#Orthodox inscriptions, Orthodox Ogham and Ogham inscription#Scholastic inscriptions, Scholastic Ogham. The former represents the earlier tradition of inscriptions recording an individual's name, optionally wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éire
( , ) is the Irish language name for "Ireland". Like its English counterpart, the term is used for both the island of Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, the sovereign state that governs 85% of the island's landmass. The latter is distinct from Northern Ireland ( in the Irish language), which covers the remainder of the northeast of the island. The same name is also sometimes used in English, with or without the accent, though such use is considered controversial. Etymology The modern Irish ''Éire'' evolved from the Old Irish word '' Ériu'', which was the name of Ireland and of a Gaelic goddess. ''Ériu'' is generally believed to have been the matron goddess of Ireland, a goddess of sovereignty, or simply a goddess of the land. ''Ériu'' has been derived from reconstructed Archaic Irish ''*Īweriū'', Koch, John T. (2005), ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, pp.709-710 and further from the Proto-Celtic *''Φīwerjon-'' (nominative singular '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elatha
In Irish mythology, Elatha, Elotha, Elier or Elada (modern spelling: Ealadha) was a king of the Fomorians and the father of Bres by Ériu of the Tuatha Dé Danann, as well as Delbaeth, Ogma, Elloth (another name for Lir the father of Manannán mac Lir), and the Dagda by an unnamed mother. The imagery surrounding him suggests he may be associated with sources of light and illumination, such as solar deity, the sun. Overview Elatha is described as being the "beautiful Miltonic prince of darkness with golden hair". He was the son of Delbaeth and a king of the Fomorians, Fomor, and he was the father of Bres by Ériu, Eriu, a woman of the Tuatha Dé Danann. He came to her over the sea in a vessel of silver, himself having the appearance of a young man with yellow hair, wearing clothes of gold and five gold torcs. He was one of the Formorians, Fomor who took part in the Cath Maige Tuired, Second Battle of Magh Tuireadh. During the Cath Maige Tuired, Second Battle of Magh Tuireadh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebor Gabála Érenn
''Lebor Gabála Érenn'' (literally "The Book of Ireland's Taking"; Modern Irish spelling: ''Leabhar Gabhála Éireann'', known in English as ''The Book of Invasions'') is a collection of poems and prose narratives in the Irish language intended to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages. There are a number of versions, the earliest of which was compiled by an anonymous writer in the 11th century. It synthesised narratives that had been developing over the foregoing centuries. The ''Lebor Gabála'' tells of Ireland being "taken" (settled) by six groups of people: the people of Cessair, the people of Partholón, the people of Nemed, the Fir Bolg, the Tuatha Dé Danann, and the Milesians. The first four groups are wiped out or forced to abandon the island; the fifth group represents Ireland's pagan gods, while the final group represents the Irish people (the Gaels). The ''Lebor Gabála'' was highly influential and was largely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ireland
Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelanda sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island) and Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdomcovering the remaining sixth). It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the List of islands of the British Isles, second-largest island of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, third-largest in Europe, and the List of islands by area, twentieth-largest in the world. As of 2022, the Irish population analysis, population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the List of European islands by population, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the hypothetical ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly Linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began to split into different languages. Proto-Celtic is often associated with the Urnfield culture and particularly with the Hallstatt culture. Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are not found in other branches of Indo-European, suggesting the possibility of an earlier Italo-Celtic linguistic unity. Proto-Celtic is currently being reconstructed through the comparative method by relying on later Celtic languages. Though Continental Celtic presents much substantiation for Proto-Celtic phonology, and some for its morphology (linguistics), morphology, recorded material is too scanty to allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuatha Dé Danann
The Tuatha Dé Danann (, meaning "the folk of the goddess Danu"), also known by the earlier name Tuath Dé ("tribe of the gods"), are a supernatural race in Irish mythology. Many of them are thought to represent deities of pre-Christian Gaelic Ireland. The Tuath Dé Danann are often depicted as kings, queens, druids, bards, warriors, heroes, healers and craftsmen who have supernatural powers. They dwell in the Otherworld but interact with humans and the human world. They are associated with the ''sídhe'': prominent ancient burial mounds such as Brú na Bóinne, which are entrances to Otherworld realms. Their traditional rivals are the Fomorians (Fomoire), who might represent the destructive powers of nature, and whom the Tuatha Dé Danann defeat in the Battle of Mag Tuired. Prominent members include the Dagda ("the great god"); The Morrígan ("the great queen" or "phantom queen"); Lugh; Nuada; Aengus; Brigid; Manannán; Dian Cecht the healer; and Goibniu the smith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iverni
The Iverni (, ') were a people of early Ireland first mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century ''Geography'' as living in the extreme south-west of the island. He also locates a "city" called Ivernis (, ') in their territory, and observes that this settlement has the same name as the island as a whole, Ivernia (, '). These Iverni can be identified linguistically with the Érainn (Éraind, Érnai, Érna), a people attested in Munster and elsewhere in the early Middle Ages. The prehistoric Érainn royal dynasties are sometimes referred to as the Dáirine. Etymology The name Iverni has been derived from Archaic Irish ''*Īwernī'' meaning "folk of ''*Īweriū'' " (the island of Ireland). This is in turn derived from Proto-Celtic *''Φīwerjon-'' and further from Proto-Indo-European *''piHwerjon-'' (the fertile land), which is cognate with the Ancient Greek '' píeira'' and Sanskrit ''pīvara'', which refer to fertile land. John T. Koch claims it was probably once the name given to all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (, Ogham, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ; ; or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic languages, Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from 600 to 900. The main contemporary texts are dated 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts written at an earlier time. Old Irish is forebear to Modern Irish, Manx language, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Old Irish is known for having a particularly complex system of morphology (linguistics), morphology and especially of allomorphy (more or less unpredictable variations in stems and suffixes in differing circumstances), as well as a complex phonology, sound system involving grammatically significant Irish initial mutations, consonant mutations to the initial consonant of a word. Apparently,It is difficult to know for sure, giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bres
In Irish mythology, Bres (or Bress) was a king of the Tuatha Dé Danann. He is often referred to by the name Eochaid / Eochu Bres. He was an unpopular king, and favoured his Fomorians, Fomorian kin. Name ''Eochu Bres'' has been translated as "beautiful horseman." The scribes who wrote down the text of the Cath Maige Tuired record ''Bres'' as meaning 'beautiful', however, this may be a false etymology. The original meaning of ''Bres'' may have derived from a root meaning "fight," "blow," "effort," "uproar," or "din." Description In the ''Lebor Gabála Érenn, Lebor Gabála'' and ''Cath Maige Tuired'', Bres is portrayed as beautiful to behold, yet harsh and inhospitable. However, the poem ''Carn Hui Neit'' from the ''dindsenchas'' praises Bres' "kindly" and "noble" character and calls him the "flower" of the Tuatha Dé Danann. There, the following flattering descriptions are provided for Bres: * gifted with excellences * master of love-spells * kindly friend * noble and fortunate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibernia
() is the Classical Latin name for Ireland. The name ''Hibernia'' was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (), Pytheas of Massalia called the island ''Iérnē'' (written ). In his book ''Geographia'' (), Claudius Ptolemaeus ("Ptolemy") called the island ''Iouerníā'' (written , where "ου"/''ou'' stands for ''w''). The Roman historian Tacitus, in his book ''Agricola'' (), uses the name Hibernia. ''Iouerníā'' was a Greek rendering of the Q-Celtic name *''Īweriū'', from which eventually arose the Irish names ''Ériu'' and ''Éire''. The name was altered in Latin (influenced by the word '' hībernus'') as though it meant "land of winter", although the word for winter began with a long 'i'. Post-Roman usage The High King Brian Boru (c. 941–1014) based his title on being emperor of the Scoti, which was in Latin ''Imperator Scottorum'', emperor of the Gaels. From 1172, the Lordship of Ireland gave the King of England ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banshenchas
''An Banshenchas'' (literally "the woman lore") is a medieval text which collects brief descriptions of prominent women in Irish legend and history into a poetic narrative. Unlike much of early Irish literature, ''An Banshenchas'' may be attributed to a specific author and date. The introduction of the poem states that Gilla Mo Dutu Úa Caiside, of Ard Brecáin in Meath, composed it in 1147. Content ''An Banshenchas'' is framed in a historical context and starts with Eve and other biblical women, moves to the legendary women of Irish mythology such as Étaín and Emer, then completes with later-day characters who are almost certainly historical, including a few women of the Hiberno-Norse aristocracy. The references to each of the characters within are short; a few lines at most. For example, in regard to some early biblical figures: Adam, Seth, pious Sili and Cain were the four first men who propagated multitudes. Eve, Olla, Pib and Pithib (women of power in the etern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
