Ère Des Attentats
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Ère Des Attentats
The (), or the French anarchist campaign of attacks from 1892 to 1894, was a period in the history of France and the broader Propaganda of the deed, history of propaganda of the deed (1880–1914), marked by a significant wave of political violence—both from the French authorities and Anarchism, anarchist terrorists. Its chronological boundaries extend from the Saint-Germain bombing (11 March 1892) to the Revolt of Saint-Joseph, massacre of the anarchist convicts (22 October 1894). During this period, the French press largely shaped political discourse and public opinion, presenting these acts as interconnected events forming a progressive logic rather than isolated incidents. In response to the significant repression anarchists had suffered in France since the Paris Commune (1871), a number of them came to consider terrorism as a legitimate means of avenging this repression, targeting symbols of power, state institutions, and emblematic places of bourgeois life. During the fi ...
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Propaganda Of The Deed
Propaganda of the deed, or propaganda by the deed, is a type of direct action intended to influence public opinion. The action itself is meant to serve as an example for others to follow, acting as a catalyst for social revolution. It is primarily associated with acts of violence perpetrated by proponents of insurrectionary anarchism in History of anarchism, the late 19th and early 20th century, including bombings and assassinations aimed at Statism, the state, the ruling class in a spirit of anti-capitalism, and church arsons targeting religious groups, even though propaganda of the deed also had nonviolent resistance, non-violent applications. These acts of terrorism were intended to ignite a "spirit of revolt" by demonstrating the state, the middle and upper classes, and religious organizations were not omnipotent as well as to provoke the State to become escalatingly repressive in its response. The 1881 London Social Revolutionary Congress gave the tactic its approval. Theore ...
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Adrienne Chailliey
Adrienne Chailliey (1860 – 1937), also known as Marie Puget, was a French embroiderer, singer, anarchist and feminist activist. She is best known for her artistic career as well as her probable involvement in the Carmaux-Bons Enfants bombing and the ''Ère des attentats'' (1892–1894). She was also engaged in first-wave feminist activism. After a childhood marked by abuse and confinement in several boarding schools, Chailliey managed to escape and reach Paris in the 1880s. Becoming politically active in anarchist and feminist circles, she began performing and singing anarchist songs in the capital. As she gradually gained prominence as an anarchist artist and mingled with other artists, she met Émile Henry, whom she may have sheltered in early 1892. Chailliey, Henry, and other anarchist militants were likely responsible for the Carmaux-Bons Enfants bombing on 8 November 1892, targeting the headquarters of the Compagnie minière de Carmaux. She likely placed the bomb while H ...
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Jean Maitron
Jean Maitron (1910–1987) was a French historian specialist of the labour movement. Maitron, however, is best known for his (''DBMOF'' or, more currently, ), a comprehensive biographical dictionary of figures from the French workers' movement which was continued after his death, as well as a study of anarchism, ''History of anarchism in France'' (first ed. 1951), which has become a classic. Starting with the 1789 French Revolution, it includes 103,000 entries gathered by 455 different authors working under Maitron's direction. The ''Maitron'' has now extended itself with international versions, treating Austria (1971), United Kingdom (1979 and 1986), Japan (1979), Germany (1990), China (1985), Morocco (1998), United States from 1848 to 1922 (2002), a transnational one about the Komintern (2001) and the most recently published about Algeria (2006), almost all published at the .
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Petit Journal ère Des Attentats 29 08 1894
Petit is a French-language surname literally meaning "small" or "little". Notable people with the surname include: *Adriana Petit (born 1984), Spanish multidisciplinary artist *Alexis Thérèse Petit (1791–1820), French physicist *Amandine Petit (born 1997), French model, beauty pageant titleholder, and Miss France 2021 *Antoine Petit (1722–1794), French physician *Antoni Martí Petit, prime minister of Andorra * Cavelier Petit, American politician *François Pourfour du Petit (1664–1741), French anatomist *Henriette Petit (1894-1983), Chilean painter * Jean-Martin Petit (1772–1856), French General during the Napoleonic Wars * Monique Ruck-Petit (born 1942), Swiss and French chess master *Paul Petit (aviator) (1890-1918), French flying ace *Philippe Petit (born 1949), French high-wire artist *Pierre Petit (photographer) (1832–1909), French photographer *Pierre Petit (scholar) (1617–1687), French scholar, medical writer, and poet *Pierre Petit (engineer), (1598–1677), ...
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Fantômas
Fantômas () is a fictional character created by French writers Marcel Allain (1885–1969) and Pierre Souvestre (1874–1914). One of the most popular characters in the history of French crime fiction, Fantômas was created in 1911 and appeared in a total of 32 volumes written by the two collaborators, then a subsequent 11 volumes written by Allain alone after Souvestre's death. The character was also the basis of various film, television, and comic book adaptations. In the history of crime fiction, he represents a transition from Gothic novel villains of the 19th century to modern-day serial killers and supervillains. It was partly influenced by the Ère des attentats, Era of Attacks (18921894) and most especially by the figure of Ravachol. The books and films were released in rapid succession anticipated current production methods of Cinema of the United States, Hollywood, in two respects. First, the authors distributed the writing among themselves; their "working method was t ...
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Anarcho-syndicalism
Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade unions as both a means to achieve immediate improvements to working conditions and to build towards a social revolution in the form of a general strike, with the ultimate aim of abolishing the state (polity), state and capitalism. Anarcho-syndicalists consider trade unions to be the Prefigurative politics, prefiguration of a Post-capitalism, post-capitalist society and seek to use them in order to establish workers' control of Production (economics), production and Distribution (economics), distribution. An anti-politics, anti-political ideology, anarcho-syndicalism rejects political party, political parties and participation in parliamentary system, parliamentary politics, considering them to be a corrupting influence on the labour movement. ...
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Assassination Of Sadi Carnot
On 24 June 1894, in Lyon, France, French President Sadi Carnot was assassinated by Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. Acting in retaliation for the execution of Ravachol and the subsequent ratification of the anti-anarchist '' lois scélérates'' ("villainous laws"), Caserio stabbed Carnot in his open carriage outside the Palais du Commerce at 9:15 p.m. Carnot died at 12:45 a.m. the next morning, and Caserio was executed on 6 August 1894. More ''lois scélérates'' were passed in response to the assassination. Background In the 1890s, there was a large amount of anarchist violence in France. On 11 July 1892, anarchist Ravachol, who had committed a series of bombing attacks in Paris, was executed. On 9 December 1893, the French National Assembly in the Palais de Bourbon was the subject of a terrorist bombing by anarchist Auguste Vaillant, causing minor injuries among the representatives. The French government decided to retaliate against anarchist violence after yea ...
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Café Terminus Attack
On 12 February 1894, Émile Henry (anarchist), Émile Henry carried out an anarchist attack at the Café Terminus. Initially planning to assassinate Sadi Carnot (statesman), Sadi Carnot, the president of the republic, who had just refused to pardon Auguste Vaillant, he decided against the attack upon noticing the large number of Police officer, police officers stationed around the Élysée Palace. Instead, he redirected his efforts to the Café Terminus, where he detonated his bomb, killing one person and injuring 17 others. Émile Henry was arrested at the end of this episode, Capital punishment, sentenced to death, and Guillotine, guillotined three months later. The attack was part of the 1892-1894 period called the Era of Attacks. This was one of the first attacks targeting indiscriminate civilians rather than specific individuals. Some scholars consider it a pivotal event in the emergence of History of terrorism, modern terrorism. This bombing, along with other attacks during ...
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