History
Origin of name
The name "Warrnambool" originated from Mount Warrnambool, a scoria cone volcano 25 kilometres northeast of the town. Warrnambool (or Warrnoobul) was the title of both the volcano and the clan of Aboriginal Australian people who lived there. In the local language, the prefix Warnn- designated home or hut, while the meaning of the suffix -ambool is now unknown. William Fowler Pickering, the colonial government surveyor who in 1845 was tasked with the initial planning of the township, chose to name the town Warrnambool. The Aboriginal traditional owner, traditional Indigenous owners of the land today are the Gunditjmara, Dhauwurd Wurrung people, also known as the Gunditjmara.Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians have been occupying the site of Warrnambool for at least the last 35,000 years. The vicinity around the Merri River was inhabited by people known as the Merrigundidj, part of the larger Gunditjmara nation. They spoke a language called Bi:gwurrung, which was a dialect of the Dhauwurd Wurrung language. These people constructed large stone and timber weirs called yereroc across various waterways in the region in order to facilitate the trapping of eels. The area at the mouth of the Hopkins River was known as Moyjil. At the beginning of British colonisation of the region in 1841, there were approximately 400 Aboriginal people living around the coastal parts of the Merri River including a number of Koroitgundidj people residing in a village at what is now known as Tower Hill (volcano), Tower Hill. There are several Maar placenames for locations in the area including: 'Kunang' referring to a waterhole on present-day Koroit Street which was a celebrated place for kangaroos to drink, 'Wirkneung' referring to the site of Warrnambool cemetery, 'Puurkar' referring to the Western Hill area of Warrnambool, and 'Peetoop' which is one of the names for the area meaning 'small sandpiper'.European maritime exploration
A popular legend is that the first Europeans to visit the region were Cristóvão de Mendonça and his crew who surveyed the coastline nearby and were marooned near the site of the present town as early as the 16th century, based on the unverified reports of local whalers' discovery of the wreck of a mahogany ship. The ship's provenance has been variously attributed to France, China, Spain and Portugal. There is no physical evidence to suggest that it ever existed. The first documented European exploration of the area occurred under Lieutenant James Grant (navigator), James Grant, a Scottish explorer who sailed the along the coast in December 1800 and named several features. This was followed by that of the English navigator Matthew Flinders in the , and the French explorer Nicholas Baudin, who recorded coastal landmarks, in 1802. The area was frequented by whalers early in the 19th century.British colonisation
British colonisation of the land in the region began in 1838 when Captain Alexander Campbell (sea captain), Alexander Campbell, a whaler based at nearby Port Fairy, took possession of 4,000 acres around the mouth of the Merri River. He set up a farm there and built his main hut where Warrnambool now stands. The township was planned and surveyed in 1845, with the first allotments being sold in 1847. A Post Office opened on 1 January 1849. During the Victorian Gold Rush, Warrnambool became an important port and grew quickly in the 1850s, benefiting from the private ownership of nearby Port Fairy, Victoria, Port Fairy. It was gazetted as a municipality in 1855, and became a borough in 1863. Warrnambool was declared a town in 1883, and a city in 1918. Post Offices opened at Warrnambool South in 1937 (closed 1973), Warrnambool East in 1946, and Warrnambool North in 1947 (closed 1975).Climate
Warrnambool has a mild Mediterranean climate (''Csb'') that closely borders the oceanic climate (''Cfb''), and is characterised by mild, dry, very swingy summers and cool, rainy winters with frequent cloud cover. Annual and especially winter rainfall is much higher than in Melbourne due to its westerlies, westerly exposure. During the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave, heatwave in southeastern Australia, Warrnambool recorded a maximum temperature of on 7 February 2009.Cityscape
The original City of Warrnambool was a 4x8 grid, with boundaries of Lava Street (north), Japan Street (east), Merri Street (south) and Henna Street (west). In the nineteenth century, it was intended that Fairy Street – with its proximity to the Port Fairy railway line, Warrnambool Railway Station – would be the main street of Warrnambool. However, Liebig Street has since become the main street of the central business district (CBD). The Warrnambool CBD is particularly notable for its number of roundabouts. Outside the CBD, the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens feature wide curving paths, rare trees, a lily pond with ducks, a fernery, a band Rotunda (architecture), rotunda, and was designed by notable landscape architecture, landscape architect, William Guilfoyle. Eleven suburbs surround the CBD of Warrnambool: North, South, East and West Warrnambool, Brierly, Sherwood Park railway station, Sherwood Park, Merrivale, Dennington, Victoria, Dennington, Woodford, Victoria, Woodford, Bushfield, Victoria, Bushfield and Allansford, Victoria, Allansford, though only the four latter are recognised as localities of the city.Culture
During the end of June and the start of July every year, Warrnambool is the home to the children's festival Fun4Kids. It is held next to the Lighthouse Theatre in the CBD.(last ran 2017 cancelled early 2018) Wunta Fiesta, a festival held in Warrnambool over the first weekend of February annually, is one of south-west Victoria's major community festivals. It incorporates a wide range of entertainment (mostly music) for all ages. The Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum is in Warrnambool built on Flagstaff Hill that also holds the original lighthouses and Warrnambool Garrison. Its most prized item in its collection is the Mintons Ltd, Minton peacock salvaged from the Loch Ard (ship), ''Loch Ard''. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village is built around the original lighthouses and now operates as a heritage attraction and museum for the Great Ocean RoadMedia
Warrnambool is served by one daily newspaper, ''The Standard'', which is owned by Australian Community Media. The local commercial radio stations are 94.5 3YB and 95.3 Coast FM, both owned by Ace Radio. There is also a community radio channel, 3WAY FM. The ABC also owns a radio station, ABC South West Victoria, which is based in Warrnambool. Warrnambool is also served by local transmission of free-to-air television networks ABC (Australian TV channel), ABC, SBS (Australian TV channel), SBS, Prime7, 10 (Southern Cross Austereo), Southern Cross and WIN Television, WIN. Out of those networks, WIN Television produces the only local television news bulletin, WIN News, which uses resources from their Ballarat and Warrnambool newsrooms.Sport
Warrnambool is home to the Grand Annual Sprintcar Classic, a race which attracts Australian and international drivers on the Australia Day long weekend, especially because of its position in the motorsport calendar. The city is also the finishing point of the Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic Road bicycle racing, cycle race. It is the longest one-day bicycle endurance race in the world, held every October since 1895 to be the world's second oldest bike race. Warrnambool has a Thoroughbred racing in Australia, horse racing club, the Warrnambool Racing Club, which schedules around twenty race meetings a year including the Warrnambool Cup and Grand Annual, Grand Annual Steeple three-day meeting in the first week of May. The Woodford Racing Club also holds one meeting at Warrnambool racecourse. The Grand Annual steeplechase (horse racing), steeplechase has 33 jumps, more than any other horse race and is one of the longest steeplechases in the world. The Warrnambool Greyhound Racing Club holds regular Greyhound racing in Australia, greyhound racing meetings on most Thursdays. The Greyhound version of the Warrnambool Cup is held on the first Wednesday of May. The club also holds the Seaside Festival over the Christmas and New Year period providing great entertainment and value for money for both kids and kids at heart. The club is located centrally in the Warrnambool Showgrounds Precinct on Koroit Street and opened on 27 July 1978. Warrnambool is home to the Premier Speedway, a Dirt track racing, dirt track oval speedway located approximately 5 km east of the town. As well as hosting various Victorian state championships, Premier Speedway has hosted Australian championships for Australian Sprintcar Championship, Sprintcars, Australian Super Sedan Championship, Super Sedans and Australian Street Stock Championship, Street Stocks. Premier Speedway has also regularly hosted rounds of the World Series Sprintcars, being one of only five tracks to host a round of every series run since its inception in 1987. Since 1973 the speedway has been home to the Grand Annual Sprintcar Classic, the biggest single sprint car racing meeting in Australia, and on occasion has outdrawn the famed Knoxville Nationals in the United States for number of competitors entered, as better known drivers enter both races. The Classic is traditionally run the weekend before the national title meeting. The speedway has hosted the Classic / Australian Championship double on six occasions - 1979, 1986, 1994, 1999, 2003 and 2011, with Sydney's 10 time Australian Champion Garry Rush the only driver to win the double at Warrnambool in 1986 when he won his 6th Classic and a week later his 7th national title. Gunditjmara Bulls and North Warrnambool Warriors play rugby league in NRL Victoria. From 1 to 3 September 2008, the city hosted, along with Melbourne, the 2008 Australian Football International Cup, featuring 14 nations from around the world playing Australian rules football. The sport is highly popular in Warrnambool which has a competitive local league and is the origin of many high-profile AFL players. The city has three Australian Rules football teams playing in the Hampden Football League (North Warrnambool, South Warrnambool Football Club, South Warrnambool and Warrnambool Football Club, Warrnambool), and many more in the Warrnambool District Football League Golfers play either on the 18 hole course at the Warrnambool Golf Club a public access course ranked in Australia's top 100 courses, or at the 9 hole course at the Deakin University Warrnambool campus.(Deakin course not playable)Economy
Warrnambool attracts many visitors each year, and is a comprehensive regional service centre. The town's tourism benefits from the views from theDemographics
15.1% of Warrnambool residents were born outside Australia, which is significantly less than the Australian average of 33.1%. 89.1% speak only English at home and 2.0% are Indigenous Australians, Indigenous.Governance
The Local Government is the City of Warrnambool, Warrnambool City Council. At the state level, Warrnambool was within the electoral district of Warrnambool until it was abolished in 2002. Since then, Warrnambool has been in the Electoral district of South-West Coast, South-West Coast electorate. This was held by former Premier Denis Napthine of the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party until his retirement in 2015, the resulting by-election electing Roma Britnell, also of the Liberal Party. At the federal level, Warrnambool is the largest town in the division of Wannon, which has been a safe Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal seat since 1955. However, Warrnambool booths typically receive a much stronger Australian Labor Party, Labor vote than the rural areas that surround it. The seat was held by former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser for 28 years, before being held by former Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, Speaker of the lower house David Hawker for 27 years.Education
Primary
There are many primary schools in Warrnambool, including: *Warrnambool Primary School *Warrnambool East Primary School *Warrnambool West Primary School * Merrivale Primary School * Allansford and District Primary School * Woodford, Victoria, Woodford Primary School * Our Lady Help of Christians Primary School (Catholic) * St Joseph's Primary School (Catholic) * St Pius X Primary School (Catholic) * St John's Primary School, Dennington (Catholic) * King's College, Warrnambool, Kings College (primary and secondary) * Merri River School (formally Warrnambool Special Development School) (primary and secondary)Secondary
Warrnambool has two public high schools: * Brauer College *Warrnambool College In addition, there is: * Emmanuel College, Warrnambool, Emmanuel College, a Catholic school * King's College, Warrnambool, King's College, a private Presbyterian schoolTertiary
The city's only university facilities are at the Deakin University Warrnambool campus. The South West Institute of TAFE and SEAL both provide vocational education.Environment
Logan's Beach on the eastern side of the city is recognised as a nursery site for the southern right whale ''Eubalaena australis'', and many tourists have been attracted to opportunities for land-based observations. Most years one, two or three adult female whales arrive between late May and August, giving birth within days of their arrival. The young whale calf is then reared at the site, usually departing with its parent by mid to late September. Besides the southern right whale, the coastline is also visited by Australian fur seals, little penguins and common dolphins. During the winter and early spring albatross cruise along the coastline and can be sighted from Thunder Point, a popular coastal lookout in the town. Middle Island (Warrnambool), Middle Island has a colony of little penguins (''Eudyptula minor''). Fox predation reduced numbers significantly. In 2005 only four penguins were remaining in the colony. Warrnambool City Council introduced a world first program using Maremma Sheepdog, Maremma dogs to guard the penguins. This program has supported the re-establishment of a colony of over one-hundred penguins in 2009. By 2015 the population had reached almost two-hundred. The film Oddball (film), Oddball tells the story of the dogs saving the penguins.Transport
Warrnambool is situated on the Princes Highway between Port Fairy to the west and Terang to the east as well as at the south-western terminus of theHealth
There are two main hospitals in Warrnambool: *Warrnambool Base Hospital, run by South West Healthcare, founded in 1854 as Warrnambool Hospital & Benevolent Asylum, with further name changes and mergers over the years, including a name change to Warrnambool and District Base Hospital in 1925 and Stage 1 of a redevelopment opened in 2011 as Warrnambool Base Hospital. *St John of God Warrnambool Hospital, a private hospital established in 1939 by the Sisters of St John of God and run by St John of God Health CareNotable people
* Airbourne (band), Airbourne, hard rock band * Tom Ballard (b. 1989), comedian * Ben Barber (b. 1984), actor * Smoky Dawson (1913–2008), country music performer (born in Collingwood, Victoria, Collingwood, raised in Warrnambool) * Alex Dyson (b. 1988), radio presenter * John Eccles (neurophysiologist), Sir John Eccles (1903–1997), Nobel Prize winner in physiology or medicine, 1963 * Brian Fitzpatrick (Australian author), Brian Fitzpatrick (1905–1965), Australian economic historian * Danielle Green, Member of Victorian Parliament was raised and educated in Warrnambool * Dave Hughes (b. 1970), comedian * Paul Jennings (Australian author), Paul Jennings (b. 1943), children's author – (resides in Warrnambool) * Sally Walker (academic), Sally Walker, Law Professor, Vice-Chancellor and President of Deakin University * Axle Whitehead (b. 1980), musician and TV personalitySportspeople
* Jonathan Brown (Australian footballer), Jonathan Brown (b. 1981), Leon Cameron (b. 1972), Paul Couch (1964–2016), Simon Hogan (b. 1988), Jordan Lewis (b. 1986), Brent Moloney (b. 1984), Noel Mugavin (b. 1956), Kevin Neale (b. 1945), Matt Maguire (b. 1984), Billie Smedts (b. 1992), Wayne Schwass (b. 1968), Michael Turner (Australian rules footballer), Michael Turner (b. 1954), Sam Dwyer (b. 1986), Martin Gleeson (Australian footballer), Martin Gleeson (b. 1994), John Burns (Australian rules footballer), John Burns (b. 1949) Australian rules football players * Marc Leishman (b. 1983), golfer * Christian Ryan (b. 1977), Olympic Silver Medallist, rowing 2000 * Nathan Sobey (b. 1990), basketball player * Tim Ludeman, cricket playerSister cities
* Miura, Kanagawa, Japan * Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R.China * Knoxville, Iowa, United States of AmericaSee also
* ABC South West Victoria * Mahogany Ship * Warrnambool Airport * Warrnambool V/Line rail serviceReferences
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