The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale represen ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

of the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

of Antwerp,

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

Prior to 13th century

* from abt. 150 – abt. 250-270: Gallo-Roman settlement in the centre of Antwerp (at "Willem Ogierplaats"). * abt 700: Oldest mention of the name ''Andoverpis'' in a written source : the ''Vita Eligii'' dated early 8th century (abt. 700). * 739: death of Saint

Willibrord Willibrord (; 658 – 7 November AD 739) was an Anglo-Saxon missionary and saint, known as the "Apostle to the Frisians" in the modern Netherlands. He became the first bishop of Utrecht and died at Echternach, Luxembourg. Early life His fath ...

, bishop. * 978: Treaty of Margut-sur-Chiers, between France and German empire, the river Scheldt is recognised as the border between Neustria and Lotharingia * 980 - the German Emperor

Otto II Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Ita ...

awarded Antwerp a margraviate, and build a fortification on the wharf (de burg) with a ditch the "burchtgracht" * 1100 The Roya is a small natural river that runs outside the "Burchtgracht" * 1104 The fortification of the "Burcht" is reinforced by Emperor Hendrik IV. The wall's height in increased from to its thickness from to * 1109: Antwerp starts making city canals the "ruienstelsel" From the Koolvliet in the north via, Holenrui, Minderbroedersrui to Suikerrui and Botervliet in the south

13th–15th century

* 1250 - Construction of the second

Vleeshuis The Vleeshuis (Butcher's Hall, or literally Meat House) in Antwerp, Belgium is a former guildhall. It is now a museum located between the Drie Hespenstraat, the Repenstraat and the Vleeshouwersstraat. The slope where the Drie Hespenstraat meets t ...

, city butchery and Guildhouse of the butchers * 1406 - City becomes part of the

Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Neth ...

. * 1442 -

Guild of Saint Luke The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city guild for painters and other artists in early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries. They were named in honor of the Evangelist Luke, the patron saint of artists, who was ide ...

granted privileges. * 1477 - ''Quaeye Werelt'' revolt *1478 **

Joyous Entry A Joyous Entry ( nl, Blijde Intrede, Blijde Inkomst, or ; ) is the official name used for the ceremonial royal entry, the first official peaceable visit of a reigning monarch, prince, duke or governor into a city, mainly in the Duchy of Braban ...

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. He was never crowned by the pope, as the journey to Rome was blocked by the Venetians. He proclaimed himself E ...

into the city. **

Violieren The Violieren (wallflower or gillyflower) was a chamber of rhetoric that dates back to the 15th century in Antwerp, when it was a social drama society with close links to the Guild of Saint Luke.A. A. Keersmaekers, ''Geschiedenis van de Antwerpse R ...

chamber of rhetoric founded. * 1481 - Matt. Van der Goes sets up printing press. * 1491 - One of the world's "first" illustrated advertisements printed in Antwerp.

16th century

* 1503 - Construction of the third

, current building, city butchery and guildhouse of the butchers . * 1513 - Guild Hall of the Archers built. * 1515 -

of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor into the city. * 1518 -

Notre Dame Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris (; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to the ...

built. * 1520 -

Het Steen Het Steen is a medieval fortress in the old city centre of Antwerp, Belgium, one of Europe's biggest ports. The surviving structure was built between 1200 and 1225 as a gateway to a larger castle of the Dukes of Brabant which was demolished i ...

fortress rebuilt. * 1523 - Church of St. Andrew built. * 1528 - Merten de Keyser (printer) in business (approximate date). * 1531 - Opening of the

Bourse of Antwerp The bourse of Antwerp was the world's first purpose-built commodity exchange. Falling into disuse in the 17th century, from 1872 until 1997 the restored building housed the Antwerp Stock Exchange. After further restoration, the building is now ...

, the first purpose-built exchange. * 1533 -

Lancelot II of Ursel Lancelot du Lac (French for Lancelot of the Lake), also written as Launcelot and other variants (such as early German ''Lanzelet'', early French ''Lanselos'', early Welsh ''Lanslod Lak'', Italian ''Lancillotto'', Spanish ''Lanzarote del Lago' ...

saves the Cathedral from total ruin. * 1543 - Music publisher Susato in business. * 1549 - Philip II of Spain visits city. * 1552 - Girls' orphanage built. * 1555 -

Christophe Plantin Christophe Plantin ( nl, Christoffel Plantijn; – 1 July 1589) was a French Renaissance humanist and book printer and publisher who resided and worked in Antwerp. Life Plantin was born in France, probably in Saint-Avertin, near the city of ...

(printer) in business. * 1560s - Antwerp Citadel built. * 1565 - City Hall built. * 1566 - August:

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and ...

riots. * 1567 - 13 March:

Battle of Oosterweel The Battle of Oosterweel took place on 13 March 1567 near the village of , near Antwerp, in present-day Belgium, and is traditionally seen as the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels and kill ...

occurs near city. * 1568 **

Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem Anthony van Stralen (1521 - executed, Vilvoorde, 24 September 1568), Lord of Merksem, Lord of Dambrugghe was a Mayor of Antwerp. Although he was Roman Catholic, he became a famous victim of the terror of the Duke of Alva. Family He was the son ...

, former mayor is executed.. ** Maison Hanseatique built. ** Population: 125,000. * 1570 - ''

Theatrum Orbis Terrarum ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'' (, "Theatre of the Orb of the World") is considered to be the first true modern atlas. Written by Abraham Ortelius, strongly encouraged by Gillis Hooftman and originally printed on 20 May 1570 in Antwerp, it consi ...

'' atlas published. * 1571 - Church of St. Paul built. * 1572 - Antwerp Citadel completed. * 1576 - 4 November: during the

Sack of Antwerp The Sack of Antwerp, often known as the Spanish Fury at Antwerp, was an episode of the Eighty Years' War. It is the greatest massacre in the history of the Low Countries. On 4 November 1576, mutinying Spanish tercios of the Army of Flanders beg ...

, John III van de Werve, Lord of Hovorst gets killed by the Spanish forces,. * 1577 - Antwerp Citadel partially dismantled. * 1579 ** City joins

Union of Utrecht The Union of Utrecht ( nl, Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. History The Union of Utrecht is r ...

. ** Hall of the Coopers built. * 1583 - 17 January:

François, Duke of Anjou ''Monsieur'' Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (french: Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici. Early years He was scarred by smallpox at age eight, an ...

tries to take city. * 1584 - July: Siege of Antwerp begins. * 1585 Slag op de Kauwensteinse Dijk

** August: Siege of Antwerp ends; Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma in power. ** Population: 85,000. * 1589 ** Church of the Capuchins built. ** Population: 55,000. * 1593 -

Hieronymus Verdussen Verdussen was a dynasty of printers in Antwerp, starting with Hieronymus Verdussen I in the late sixteenth century, and ending around 1800. Many other printers in Antwerp were also related to the Verdussens through marriage. They specialized in reli ...

(printer) in business (approximate date). * 1594 -

of Archduke Ernest of Austria into the city. * 1599 -

Isabella Isabella may refer to: People and fictional characters * Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Isabella (surname), including a list of people Places United States * Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpor ...

and

Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Productions, a record label * Alber ...

(

Habsburg Netherlands Habsburg Netherlands was the Renaissance period fiefs in the Low Countries held by the Holy Roman Empire's House of Habsburg. The rule began in 1482, when the last Valois-Burgundy ruler of the Netherlands, Mary, wife of Maximilian I of Austr ...

sovereigns) make their

into the city.

17th–18th centuries

* 1603 -

Nicolaas II Rockox Nicolaas Rockox (1560–1640), was a mayor of Antwerp. He was a close personal friend and important patron of Peter Paul Rubens. His residence in Antwerp is now a museum known as the Rockox House. He was knighted by Archduke Albert and Isabel ...

builds the

Rockox House The Snijders&Rockox House ( nl, Snijders&Rockoxhuis) is a museum in Antwerp, Belgium. It is located in two neighbouring townhouses formerly owned by the artist Frans Snyders (1579–1657) and the mayor Nicolaas Rockox (1560–1640). It is ow ...

. * 1609 -

Twelve Years' Truce The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. While European powers like France began treating the Republic as a soverei ...

signed. * 1615 - Church of Augustinians built. * 1621 -

Carolus Borromeuskerk St. Charles Borromeo Church (Dutch: ''Sint-Carolus Borromeuskerk'') is a church in central Antwerp, located on the Hendrik Conscience square. It was built in 1615-1621 as the Jesuit church of Antwerp, which was closed in 1773. It was rededicated ...

built. * 1635 -

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; May 1609 or 1610 – 9 November 1641) was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic ...

into the city. * 1638 - 20 June:

Battle of Kallo The Battle of Kallo was a major field battle fought from 20 to 21 June 1638 in and around the forts of Kallo and Verrebroek, located on the left bank of the Scheldt river, near Antwerp, during the second phase of the Eighty Years' War. Following ...

. * 1644 - House of the Tailors rebuilt. * 1646 - Hall of the Carpenters rebuilt. * 1646 - Siege of Antwerp by Frederick Henry failed. * 1648 ** River Scheldt closed to navigation per

Treaty of Münster Treaty of Münster refers to two treaties signed in 1648, and forming part of the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War: * Peace of Münster The Peace of Münster was a treaty between the Lords States General of the Seven United N ...

. **

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts. He held a number of military commands, with limited success, an ...

into the city. * 1656 - St. James' Church built. * 1663 - Royal Academy of Fine Arts founded. * 1745 - Royal Residence built on the

Meir Meir ( he, מֵאִיר) is a Jewish male given name and an occasional surname. It means "one who shines". It is often Germanized as Maier, Mayer, Mayr, Meier, Meyer, Meijer, Italianized as Miagro, or Anglicized as Mayer, Meyer, or Myer.Alfre ...

. * 1746 - Osterrieth House built on the

. * 1750 - Royal Horticultural and Agricultural Society exhibitions begin (approximate date). * 1755 - Royal Palace built. * 1790 - Population: 40,000. * 1795 - City becomes capital of French

département In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level (" territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. Ninety ...

Deux-Nèthes Deux-Nèthes (, nl, Twee Neten) was a department of the First French Republic and of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands. It was named after two branches of the river Nete (Grote Nete and Kleine Nete). The southern ...

19th century

* 1802 - Quays built on Schelde River. * 1805 - City Library opens in City Hall. * 1810 - Royal Museum of Fine Arts founded. * 1811 - Bonaparte Dock built. * 1813 - Willem Dock built. * 1815 - City becomes part of the

Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...

. * 1816 -

Jewish Community Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

established. * 1818 - Fortresses built. * 1826 - Orangery built in the Botanical Garden. * 1830 ** Conflict between Belgian insurgents and Dutch forces. ** Population: 73,506. * 1832 - November–December: City besieged by French forces. * 1834 ** Medical Society founded. ** Theatre Royal built. * 1843 -

Zoological Garden A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to zool ...

founded. * 1846 - Population: 88,487. * 1848 - Jan Frans Loos becomes mayor. * 1852 - Wuyts art gallery opens (approximate date). * 1853 ** inaugurated. ** Church of St. George consecrated. * 1859 ** Berchem and Borgerhout become part of city (approximate date). ** Old city walls dismantled. ** Fortress construction begins. * 1860 - Kattendijk built. * 1864 - Museum of Antiquities opens. * 1866 - Cholera epidemic. * 1867 - School of Music founded. * 1870 - Fort Merxem constructed. * 1871 -

International Geographical Congress The International Geographical Union (IGU; french: Union Géographique Internationale, UGI) is an international geographical society. The first International Geographical Congress was held in Antwerp in 1871. Subsequent meetings led to the estab ...

held. * 1872 - Exchange building and Flemish Theatre built. * 1873 - Horsecar trams begin operating. * 1874 - Demolition of Antwerp Citadel begins. * 1876 - founded. * 1877 -

Plantin-Moretus Museum The Plantin-Moretus Museum ( nl, Plantin-Moretusmuseum) is a printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus. It is located in their former residence and printing esta ...

opens. * 1879 - Population: 173,600. * 1880 - Royal Antwerp Football Club formed. * 1881 -

Antwerp Water Works The Antwerp Water Works ( nl, Antwerpse Water Werken) or AWW produces water for the city of Antwerp (Belgium) and its surroundings. The AWW has a yearly production of and a revenue of 100 million euro. History Between 1832 and 1892, Antwerp was ...

constructed. * 1883 - Library building opens. * 1884 - Royal Atheneum (school) built. * 1885 **

Exposition Universelle d'Anvers The Antwerp International Exposition ( nl, Wereldtentoonstelling van Antwerpen, french: Exposition Internationale d'Anvers) was a world's fair held in Antwerp, Belgium, between 2 May and 2 November 1885. It covered , attracted 3.5 million vis ...

(world's fair) held. ** Temperance conference held. * 1891 - '' Gazet van Antwerpen'' newspaper begins publication. * 1892 - Société Anversoise du Commerce au Congo in business. * 1893 ** (Flemish Opera) founded. ** Hollandse Synagoge built. * 1894 - Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (world's fair) and Universal Peace Congress held. * 1895 - Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo in business. * 1896 - National Archives' Antwerp branch founded. * 1897 - ' newspaper begins publication. * 1898 - Royal Conservatory established.

20th century

* 1902 - Electric trams begin operating. * 1903 -

World Gymnastics Championships Gymnastics World Championships refers to a number of different world championships for each of the disciplines in competitive gymnastics. The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) organizes World Championships for six disciplines: acrobatic ...

held. * 1904 - Museum Mayer van den Bergh built. * 1905 -

Antwerpen-Centraal railway station Antwerpen-Centraal railway station ( nl, Station Antwerpen-Centraal, french: Gare d'Anvers-Central, IATA code: ZWE), officially Antwerpen-Centraal, is the main railway station in Antwerp, Belgium. The station is operated by the National Railway ...

and "America dock" open. * 1906 -

Fort Breendonk Fort Breendonk ( nl, Fort van Breendonk, french: Fort de Breendonk) is a former military installation at Breendonk, near Mechelen, in Belgium which served as a Nazi prison camp (''Auffanglager'') during the German occupation of Belgium during Wo ...

built. * 1907 - Eisenmann Synagogue built. * 1910 ** Population: 361,723. ** St. Boniface Church consecrated. * 1914 - September–October: Siege of Antwerp; German occupation begins. * 1920 ** 1920 Summer Olympics held. ** Compagnie Financière Belge des Pétroles headquartered in city. ** and Société Belge des Bétons founded * 1921 - Schoonselhof cemetery established. * 1923 -

Airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...

opens. * 1928 - Antwerpsche Diamantkring established. * 1930 - Eeuwfeestkliniek (hospital) built. * 1931 - Antwerp Book Fair begins. * 1932 - Boerentoren built. * 1933 - Museum of Flemish Literature founded. * 1940 - May: German occupation begins. * 1944 ** 4 September: Liberation by the British 11th Armoured Division. ** October–November:

Battle of the Scheldt The Battle of the Scheldt in World War II was a series of military operations led by the First Canadian Army, with Polish and British units attached, to open up the shipping route to Antwerp so that its port could be used to supply the Alli ...

. * 1946 - Rubens House museum opens. * 1966 **

Sporthal Arena Sporthal Arena is an indoor arena in Deurne, Antwerp, Belgium. Built it 1966, it has a capacity for 2,100 people, 1,196 of which are seating capacity.

built. ** Wide White Space Gallery opens. * 1967 -

Antwerp International School Antwerp International School (AIS) is a private, international, coeducational preschool, prekindergarten, kindergarten, primary, and secondary school located in Antwerp, Belgium. Founded in 1967, the school hosts approximately 400 students and 9 ...

established. * 1968 - ''

De Tijd ''De Tijd'' (, ''The Times'') is a Belgian newspaper that mainly focuses on business and economics. It is printed on salmon pink paper since May 2009, following the example of its colleagues ''Financial Times'', ''Het Financieele Dagblad'', '' FT ...

'' newspaper begins publication. * 1969 ** Jazz Middelheim festival begins. ** Kennedytunnel opens. ** Royal Ballet of Flanders established. * 1970 - Chicagoblok built. * 1975 ** Antwerp Pre-metro begins operating. **

International Gemological Institute International Gemological Institute (IGI) is a diamond, colored stone and jewelry certification organization. IGI is headquartered in Antwerp and has offices in New York City, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Bangkok, Tokyo, Dubai, Tel Aviv, Toronto, Los Ang ...

headquartered in city. * 1977 - 't Fornuis restaurant in business. * 1981 - Zeno X gallery opens. * 1983 - Berchem,

Borgerhout Borgerhout () is the smallest district of Antwerp, Belgium. , the district houses 45,769 inhabitants on 3,93 km². It was an independent municipality until January 1983. The postal area code for Borgerhout is 2140. Geography Borgerhout is divided ...

, Deurne,

Ekeren Ekeren () is a northern district of the municipality of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The suburb celebrated its 850th birthday in 2005; the name of the town was first mentioned in 1155, as "Hecerna". The name possibly originates from ...

Hoboken Hoboken ( ; Unami: ') is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city's population was 60,417. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 58,69 ...

Merksem Merksem (; former spelling: ''Merxem'') is a district of the municipality and city of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It has 44,808 inhabitants as of 2021. History The history of Merksem goes back to Gallo-Roman times. During that peri ...

, and

Wilrijk Wilrijk (; former, original spelling: ''Wilrijck'') is a district of the municipality and city of Antwerp in the Belgian province of Antwerp. Wilrijk had been a separate municipality before January 1, 1983; the enlarged municipality of Antwerp wa ...

become part of the city of Antwerp. * 1985 -

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

founded. * 1989 - Berendrecht Lock constructed. * 1994 ** Laus Polyphoniae festival begins. ** Switel Hotel fire * 1995 - City website launched (''Digitale Metropool Antwerpen'').

21st century

* 2003 **

Patrick Janssens Patrick Janssens (born 19 September 1956) is a Belgian former politician. He was a member of the SP.a and the former mayor of the port city Antwerp. Career Janssens studied "Political and Social Sciences" and "Applied Economic Sciences" (b ...

becomes mayor. **

University of Antwerp The University of Antwerp ( nl, Universiteit Antwerpen) is a major Belgian university located in the city of Antwerp. The official abbreviation is ''UA'', but ''UAntwerpen'' is more recently used. The University of Antwerp has about 20,000 stud ...

established. * 2004 **

Fotomuseum Antwerp Fotomuseum Antwerp, also known as FOMU, is a museum of photography in Antwerp, Belgium. History and programme The museum opened in 1986. The Fotomuseum in Antwerp has a historical and contemporary collection of photography that is given a new ...

opens. ** City designated a UNESCO

World Book Capital The World Book Capital (WBC) is an initiative of UNESCO which recognises cities for promoting books and fostering reading for a year starting on April 23rd, World Book and Copyright Day. Cities designated as UNESCO World Book Capital carry out act ...

. * 2006 ** 0110 concert held. ** FelixArchief (city archives) and Law Courts building open. * 2007 ** Antwerp World Diamond Centre established. ** shopping center opens. * 2011 **

Museum aan de Stroom The Museum aan de Stroom (known as MAS; Dutch for: ''Museum by the Stream'') is a museum located along the river Scheldt The Scheldt (french: Escaut ; nl, Schelde ) is a river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the sou ...

opens. ** Population: 507,007. * 2013 -

Bart De Wever Bart Albert Liliane De Wever ( born 21 December 1970) is a Belgian politician. Since 2004 De Wever has been the leader of the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA), a political party advocating for the independence of Flanders. He is also a member of the ...

becomes mayor.

References

''This article incorporates information from the

Dutch Wikipedia The Dutch Wikipedia ( nl, Nederlandstalige Wikipedia) is the Dutch-language edition of the free online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. It was founded on 19 June 2001. As of , the Dutch Wikipedia is the -largest Wikipedia edition, with articles. It w ...

and the

French Wikipedia The French Wikipedia (french: Wikipédia en français) is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has articl ...

.''

Bibliography

;Published in the 18th-19th century * * * * * * * * * * * * * ;Published in the 20th century * * * *

External links

* Europeana
Items related to Antwerp
various dates. {{years in Belgium Antwerp Antwerp antwerp Years in Belgium