Textual variants in the

Epistle to the Romans The Epistle to the Romans is the sixth book in the New Testament, and the longest of the thirteen Pauline epistles. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by Paul the Apostle to explain that salvation is offered through the gospel of J ...

are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below. Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus which was based on "nearly 100

reek Reek may refer to: Places * Reek, Netherlands, a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant * Croagh Patrick, a mountain in the west of Ireland nicknamed "The Reek" People * Nikolai Reek (1890-1942), Estonian military commander * Salme Reek ( ...

manuscripts." Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.Peter J. Gurry,
The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate
''New Testament Studies'' 62.1 (2016), p. 113

Legend

Textual variants

Romans 1:7 : (''in Rome'') – א A B C D K P Ψ 33 81 88

104 104 may refer to: *104 (number), a natural number *AD 104, a year in the 2nd century AD * 104 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC * 104 (MBTA bus), Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus route *Hundred and Four (or Council of 104), a Carthagini ...

181 Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condit ...

330

436 __NOTOC__ Year 436 ( CDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Isodorus and Senator (or, less frequently, year 1189 ' ...

451 __NOTOC__ Year 451 ( CDLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcianus and Adelfius (or, less frequently, year 1204 '' ...

614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr cop arm Origen Ambst. Augustine : (''in love of God'') – Codex Boernerianus : omitted by

1739 Events January–March * January 1 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, in the South Atlantic Ocean. * January 3: A 7.6 earthquake shakes the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ...

1908 Origen Romans 1:8 : – א A B C D* K 33 81 1506 1739 1881 : – D G Ψ Byz Romans 1:15 : ἐν Ῥώμῃ – omitted by G Romans 1:29 : – B 0172 1739 1881 Origen Basil : – א A cop : – C D 33 81 cop eth : – D G (629 add πονηρια) it : – L Ψ (88 add και after each word) 326 330 436 451 614 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect syr arm : – 181 : – 104 vg? : – P : – K
Romans 2:1
Romans 3:26 : – א, A, B, C, K, P, 81, 88, 104, 181, 630, 1241, 1739, 1881, 1877, 1962, 2495, Byz, ℓ ''598'', ℓ ''599'', ℓ ''603'' : – D, Ψ, 33,

326 {{M1 year in topic __NOTOC__ Year 326 ( CCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Constantinus (or, ...

, 330,

, 451, 614, 1985, 2127, 2492 : – 1984 : – 629 : – syr : omit F, G,

336 Year 336 ( CCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nepotianus and Facundus (or, less frequently, year 1089 ''Ab urbe ...

, it
Romans 4:1
Romans 5:1
Uncial 0220 Rom-4

Romans 6:11 : – , A, B, D, G, Ψ, 629, 630, 1739, it, vg : – א, C, K, P, 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect : – 104 : omit it Romans 6:16 : (''for death'') – omitted by D,

*, d, r, am, pesh, sa, arm, Ambrosiaster Romans 6:17 : – majority of mss : – A
Romans 7
Romans 8:1 : – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it, cop, eth : – A, D, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg : – א, D, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, (436 omit μη),

456 __NOTOC__ Year 456 ( CDLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avitus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1209 '' ...

, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
Romans 9:11 : – , D, F, G, Ψ, Byz : – א, B, C, Minuscule 6, 6, 81, 365, 630, 945, 1506, 1739, 1881, al
Romans 10:21 : (''and contrary'') – omitted by F, G, g, Ambrosiaster, Hilary of Poitiers, Hilary
Romans 11:1 : – א, A, Β, C, D, K, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 88, 181, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, cop, arm, Origen, Eusebius, Chryzostom, Augustine, Theodoret : – , G, it, goth, Ambrosiaster, Ambrose, Pelagius
Romans 12:9 : – F, G, lat, syr replaced into Romans 12:11 : – א Α Β D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz : – D* F G Minuscule 5, 5
Romans 13:1 : – א Α Β D Ψ Byz : – D* F G 629 945 Romans 13:9 : – 01 048 81 88 104 326 330 365 436 451 629 1506 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz ℓ ''597'' ℓ ''598'' ℓ ''599'' a b vg (syr) cop : – P : – Α Β D F G L Ψ 6 33 181 614 630 1175 1241 1739 1877 1881 vgst syr cop : – 2495
Romans 14:1
Romans 15:19 : – א D P Ψ 88 181 326 436 614 629 1241 : – A D G 33 81 104 630 1739 : – 330 451 Romans 15:29 : – א Α Β C D G P 81 629 630 1739 1881 ar d e f g x z vg cop arm : – א Ψ 33 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 1241 1877 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect vg syr : – eth Romans 15:31 : – א Α C D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect : – B D G
Romans 16:15 : – א Α Β C D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr cop arm : – : – C G Romans 16:20 : ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ (Χριστου) μεθ' ὑμῶν (''The grace of our Lord Jesus (Christ) with you'') – mss of the Alexandrian, Caesarean, and Byzantine text-types : omitted by D*, Codex Augiensis, F, G, d, Codex Brixianus, f, Codex Sangermanensis, g, Codex Speculum, m, ''bodl'' Ambrose, Ambrosiaster Pelagius Romans 16:24 : Verse omitted by Codex Sinaiticus A B C Minuscule 5, 5 81 263 623 1739 1838 1962 Minuscule 2127, 2127 it vg cop eth Origen) : Verse included by D G Ψ 88 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr : Verse included but following 16:27 P 33 104 256 436 1319 1837 syr arm Romans 16:25-27 : verses omitted by F, G, Minuscule 629, 629, d**?, g, goth?, Jerome

References

External links

The Comparative Critical Greek New Testament

Legend

Textual variants

See also

References

Further reading

External links