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Codex Mosquensis I
Codex Mosquensis I designated by Kap or 018 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Απρ1 ( Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of New Testament, palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The manuscript contains an almost complete text of the Catholic and Pauline epistles, with the exception of two lacunae (Romans 10:18—1 Corinthians 6:13; 1 Corinthians 8:8-11). Formerly it also contained the Acts of the Apostles, which book has been lost. The text is written on 288 parchment leaves (), in 2 columns per page, 27 lines per page, in uncial script, but separated into paragraphs by comments, written in minuscule script.Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", ''Oxford University Press'', New York - Oxford 2005, p. 77. There are some scholia at the foot of the pages attributed to John Chrysostom. It contains breathings and accents. Text The Greek tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Epistles
The catholic epistles (also called the general epistlesEncarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "katholieke brieven". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.) are seven epistles of the New Testament. Listed in order of their appearance in the New Testament, the catholic epistles are: Naming The word ''catholic'' in the term ''catholic epistles'' has been a convention dating from the 4th century. At the time, that word simply meant "general", and was not specifically tied to any denomination, for example, what would later become known as the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, to avoid the impression these letters are only recognised in Catholicism, alternative terms such as "general epistles" or "general missionary epistles" are used. In the historical context, the word ''catholic'' probably signified that the letters were addressed to the general church, and not to specific, separate congregations or persons, as with the Pauline epistles. However, 2 John and 3 John appear to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 103 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", '' Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 52. Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex contains almost complete text of the Acts, Pauline epistles, and the Book of Revelation on 286 parchment leaves (size ), with only one lacuna (1 John 5:14-2 John 5). The text is written in one column per page, in 23 lines per page. According to the colophon it was written in 1087. The headpieces with geometric decorations. The initial letters in red. It contains prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of στίχοι. Ending of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis (Minuscule 88 in the Gregory-Aland numbering) (α 200 in von Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century. It has marginalia. Formerly it was labelled by 83a, 93p, and 99r. Description The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles (He, 1 Tim), and the Book of Revelation, on 123 parchment leaves (size ), with some lacunae. The text is written in two columns per page, 37 lines per page. It contains prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each book, many lists, numbers of the (''chapters'') in the margin (sometimes), and the Comma Johanneum (added on the margin by a later hand). It was assigned the number 88 by Caspar René Gregory. The section 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Corinthians 14:40, which is its location in manuscripts of the Western text-type ( Claromontanus, Augiens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Porphyrianus
Codex Porphyrianus designated by Papr or 025 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 3 ( von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Acts of Apostles, Pauline epistles, and General epistles, with some lacunae, dated paleographically to the 9th century. It is one of a few uncial manuscripts that include the Book of Revelation.Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press (New York – Oxford 2005), p. 79. It was discovered and edited by Constantin von Tischendorf. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex contains 327 parchment leaves (), written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. It is a palimpsest, the upper text is the codex 1834, dated to 1301. It contains the commentary of Euthalius on the Acts and the Pauline epistles together with the biblical text. It has breathings, accents, and apostrophes. The accents are often used wrongly. It has "Martyrdom of Peter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Athous Lavrensis
The Codex Athous Laurae, designated by Ψ or 044 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or δ 6 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament Manuscripts), is a manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek uncial letters on parchment. The manuscript has many gaps in the text, as well as containing handwritten notes (known as marginalia). Using the study of comparative writing styles ( palaeographically), the codex is dated to the 8th or 9th century. The codex is currently kept in the Great Lavra monastery (B' 52) on the Athos peninsula. Description The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing 261 parchment leaves, which measure , with the text-block being . The text is written in small uncial letters, in one column of 31 lines per page. These letters have breathings (utilised to designate vowel emphasis) and accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes). The codex contains a table of contents ("" / ''kephalaia'') befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus, designated by G, G or 012 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), α 1028 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Using the study of comparative writing styles (paleography), the manuscript has been dated to the 9th century CE. The name of the codex derives from the theology professor Christian Frederick Boerner, to whom it once belonged. The manuscript has several gaps. Description The manuscript contains the text of the Pauline epistles (excluding Hebrews) on 99 vellum leaves. The main text is in Greek with an interlinear Latin translation inserted above the Greek text (in the same manner as Codex Sangallensis 48). The text of the codex contains six gaps (Romans 1:1-4, 2:17-24, 1 Cor. 3:8-16, 6:7-14, Col. 2:1-8, Philem. 21-25). Quotations from the Old Testament are marked in the left-hand margin by inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), or α162 (in the Soden numbering) is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 47. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p (Gregory). The manuscript is lacunose. It was adapted for liturgical use. Description The codex contains almost complete text of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles on 282 parchment leaves (), with some lacunae (Acts 4:8-7:17; 17:28-23:9 - 297 verses). The text is written in one column per page, in 23 lines per page, in small letters. It contains list of the (''list of contents'') only for Epistle of James. Lectionary markings were added on the margin by a later hand (for liturgical use). Text The Greek text of the codex, is a representative of the Alexandrian tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 48 ( Soden), before the French Revolution was called ''Codex Colbertinus 2844''. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. According to the textual critics it is one of the best minuscule manuscripts of the New Testament. Description The codex contains part of the Prophets of the Old Testament, and all the books of the New Testament (except Revelation of John), on 143 parchment leaves (), with three lacunae in Gospel of Mark, and Gospel of Luke (Mark 9:31-11:11; 13:11-14:60; Luke 21:38-23:26). The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the τίτλοι (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. It contains Prolegomena to the Catholic epistles and the Pauline epistles (folios 73-76), the Euthalian Apparatus. It is written on a parchment in minu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus, symbolized by Dp, D2 or 06 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 1026 ( von Soden), is a Greek-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, written in an uncial hand on vellum. The Greek and Latin texts are on facing pages, thus it is a "'' diglot''" manuscript, like Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis. The Latin text is designated by ''d'' (traditional system) or by 75 in Beuron system. Description The codex contains the Pauline epistles on 533 leaves, . The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page. At least 9 different correctors worked on this codex. The fourth corrector, from the 9th century, added accents and breathings. The codex is dated palaeographically to the 5th or 6th century. and D. C. Parker, ''An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and their Texts'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 259. The ''Codex Claromontanus'' contains further documents: * A stichometric catalogue of the Old Testament and New Testa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the ''Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) in Münster and served as its first director from 1959 to 1983. He was one of the principal editors of '' Nestle–Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece'' for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and '' The Greek New Testament'' for the United Bible Societies. Life Aland was born in Berlin-Steglitz. He started studying theology in 1933 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin (he also studied philology, archaeology, and history). On 23 March that year, he was examined before the ''Bruderrat'' (council of brothers) in the '' Bekennende Kirche'' (Confessing Church). During his studies, he worked for the journal of the Confessing Church, ''Junge Kirche'' (Young Church). In an ideological brochure, ''Wer fälscht?'' (Who is lying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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