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Tetrandrine, a bis-
Tetrandrine(Fanchinine) CAS 518-34-3 calcium channel Inhibitor Fanchinine, Hanfangchin A, NSC 77037, S,S-(+)-Tetrandrine, Sinomenine A, TTD, Tetrandrin, d...
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benzylisoquinoline
Substitution of the heterocycle isoquinoline at the C1 position by a benzyl group provides 1‑benzylisoquinoline, the most widely examined of the numerous benzylisoquinoline structural isomers. The 1-benzylisoquinoline moiety can be identified wi ...
alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...
, is a calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium () through calcium channels. Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as ...
. It is isolated from the plant ''Stephania tetrandra
''Stephania tetrandra'' is a herbaceous perennial vine of the family Menispermaceae native to China and Taiwan. It grows from a short, woody caudex, climbing to a height of around three meters. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and ar ...
'', and other Chinese and Japanese herbs.
Pharamacology
It has anti-inflammatory, immunologic and antiallergenic effects. It inhibits the degranulation ofmast cells
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a par ...
. It has a quinidine-like anti-arrhythmic effect. It has vasodilatory
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasoconstriction, ...
properties and can therefore reduce blood pressure. Tetrandrine may have potential use for the treatment of liver disease and liver cancer. Tetrandrine has potential therapeutic value to prevent excess scarring/fibrosis in conjunctiva following trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of glaucoma to relieve intraocular pressure by removing part of the human eye, eye's trabecular meshwork and adjacent structures. It is the most common glaucoma surgery performed and all ...
or in patients with severe conjunctival inflammation. Tetrandrine has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic actions, which make tetrandrine and related compounds potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Tetrandrine has also been shown to inhibit entry of Ebola virus into host cells ''in vitro'' and showed therapeutic efficacy against Ebola in preliminary studies on mice. Tetrandrine has also been studied and patented as a possible treatment for tinnitus.
Biosynthesis
Tetrandrine is biosynthesized from a free radical coupled dimerization of ''S''-''N''- methylcoclaurine:
Synonyms
Synonyms include fanchinine, hanfangchin A, NSC 77037, (''S'',''S'')-(+)-tetrandrine, sinomenine A, TTD, tetrandrin, d-tetrandrine, and GW-201./ref>
References