Attica 06-13 Athens 28 Academy of Athens

An academy of sciences is a type of

learned society A learned society (; also learned academy, scholarly society, or academic association) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science. Membership m ...

or academy (as special scientific institution) dedicated to

science Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earli ...

s that may or may not be state funded. Some state funded academies are tuned into

national National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

or royal (in case of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

i.e. Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge) as a form of honor. The other type of academies are '' Academy of Arts'' or combination of both (e.g.,

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, a ...

). ''Academy of Letters'' is another related expression, encompassing

literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...

. In non-English-speaking countries, the range of

academic field An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, f ...

s of the members of a national Academy of Science often includes scholarly disciplines which would not normally be classed as "

" in English. Many languages use a broad term for systematized learning which includes both

natural sciences Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

and

social sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of so ...

and fields such as literary studies, linguistics, history, or art history. (Often these terms are calques from Latin ''scientia'' (the etymological source of English ''science'') and, accordingly, derivatives of the verb 'know', such as German ''Wissenschaft,'' Swedish ''vetenskap,'' Hungarian ''tudomány,'' Estonian ''teadus'' or Finnish ''tiede''.) Accordingly, for example the Austrian Academy of Sciences ''(Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften),'' the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (''Magyar Tudományos Akadémia''), or the Estonian Academy of Sciences ''(Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia)'' also cover the areas of social sciences and humanities. As the engineering sciences have become more varied and advanced, there is a recent trend in many advanced countries to organize the

National Academy of Engineering The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Engineering is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of ...

(or National Academy of Engineering Sciences), separate from the national academy of sciences. Academies of science play an important role in

science diplomacy Science diplomacy is the use of scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build constructive international partnerships. Science diplomacy is a form of new diplomacy and has become an umbrella term to describe a n ...

efforts. Academies are increasingly organized in regional or even international associations. The Interacademy Partnership for example is a global network consisting of over 140 national, regional and global member academies of science, engineering and medicine. Additionally, there are many regional associations such as ALLEA in Europe, NASAC as the Network of African Science Academies, IANAS in Latin America, and AASSA in Asia. Apart from national academies of science, there are now increasingly also national young academies. National young academies usually select members for a limited term, normally 4–5 years, after which members become academy alumni. Young academies typically engage with issues important to young scientists. These include, for example, science education or the dialog between science and society. Most young academies are affiliated with a senior Academy of Sciences or with a network of senior academies. The Global Young Academy, which itself is a science academy (e.g. full member of Interacademy Partnership) often serves as a facilitator of the growing global network of young academies. Since its creation, more than 35 national young academies have been established. In 2019, there were 41 national young academies.

List

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

– Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan * Albania – Academy of Sciences of Albania * Argentina - National Academy of Sciences of Argentina * Armenia – Armenian National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia * Austria – Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna * Australia – Australian Academy of Science * Azerbaijan – National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan * Bangladesh – Bangladesh Academy of Sciences * Belarus – National Academy of Sciences of Belarus * Belgium – Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium * Brazil ** Brazilian Academy of Sciences ** Pernambuoc Academy of Science * Bulgaria – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences * Canada ** Royal Society of Canada ** Canadian Academy of Engineering * Chile – Academia Chilena de Ciencias * China ** Chinese Academy of Sciences ** Chinese Academy of Engineering ** Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ** Hong Kong Academy of Sciences * Costa Rica – Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica) * Croatia – Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts * Czech Republic – Czech Academy of Sciences * Denmark – Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters * Estonia – Estonian Academy of Sciences * Finland ** Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters ** Finnish Academy of Science and Letters * France – French Academy of Sciences * Georgia (country), Georgia ** Georgian Academy of Sciences, Georgian National Academy of Sciences ** Abkhazian Regional Academy of Sciences * Germany

** Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina ** Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities, Union of Regional German Academies of Sciences and Humanities: *** Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur *** Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg *** Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities *** Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities *** Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities *** Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities *** North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts *** Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities ** acatech * Ghana – Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences * Greece – Academy of Athens (modern) , Academy of Athens * Hungary – Hungarian Academy of Sciences * India ** Indian Academy of Sciences ** Indian National Science Academy ** National Academy of Sciences, India * Indonesia ** Indonesian Institute of Sciences ** Indonesian Academy of Sciences * Iran – Academy of Sciences of Iran * Italy ** Lincean Academy ** Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (detta dei XL) ** Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana di Scienze Lettere ed Arti ** Accademia delle Scienze dell'Umbria * Israel – Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities * Japan ** Science Council of Japan ** Japan Academy * Kazakhstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan * Kyrgyzstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic * Latvia – Riga Palace of Culture and Science, Latvian Academy of Sciences * Lebanon – Lebanese Academy of Sciences * Liechtenstein - :de:Liechtenstein_Physical_Society, Naturwissenschaftliches Forum * Lithuania – Lithuanian Academy of Sciences * Mexico – Mexican Academy of Sciences * Moldova – Academy of Sciences of Moldova * Mongolia – Mongolian Academy of Sciences * Montenegro ** Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts ** Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts * Morocco – Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technologies * Netherlands – Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences * New Zealand – Royal Society of New Zealand * Nigeria – Nigerian Academy of Science * North Korea – Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea * North Macedonia – Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts * Norway ** Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ** Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters ** Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences * Pakistan – Pakistan Academy of Sciences * Philippines - National Academy of Science and Technology * Poland ** Polish Academy of Sciences ** Polish Academy of Learning * Portugal – Lisbon Academy of Sciences * Romania – Romanian Academy * Russia – Russian Academy of Sciences * San Marino – International Academy of Sciences San Marino * Serbia – Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts * Singapore – Singapore National Academy of Science * Slovakia – Slovak Academy of Sciences * Slovenia – Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts * South Africa - Academy of Science of South Africa * South Korea – National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea * Soviet Union – Soviet Academy of Sciences * Spain – Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences * Sri Lanka – National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka * Sweden – Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences * Switzerland – Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences * Taiwan – Academia Sinica * Thailand ** Royal Institute of Thailand ** Thai Academy of Science and Technology * Turkey ** Turkish Academy of Sciences ** Mesopotamian Academy /Beyt Nahrin Mesopotamian Academy of Arts and Sciences * Ukraine – National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine *

** Royal Society ** Royal Academy of Engineering ** Academy_of_Medical_Sciences,_United_Kingdom, Academy of Medical Sciences ** Scotland – Royal Society of Edinburgh * United States ** National Academies (United States), National Academies *** U.S. National Academy of Sciences *** U.S. National Academy of Engineering *** U.S. National Academy of Medicine formerly the Institute of Medicine *** National Research Council (United States), National Research Council **

** State-specific *** California – California Academy of Sciences *** Illinois – Illinois State Academy of Science *** Mississippi – Mississippi Academy of Sciences *** Missouri – Academy of Science, St. Louis *** New York (state), New York – New York Academy of Sciences *** Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania Academy of Science *** Texas – Texas Academy of Sciences *** Wisconsin – Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters * Vatican City – Pontifical Academy of Sciences * Jordan and the Islamic world – Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS) * Developing world – TWAS * ASEAN – ASEAN Academy of Engineering and Technology * Academy – World Academy of Art and Science

References

{{Authority control Academies of sciences,

List

See also

References