San Pedro Department, Paraguay
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San Pedro () is a
department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
of
Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
. The capital is the city of
San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú () is a city and distrito in Paraguay. It is the capital of the department of San Pedro. The conquistador Aleixo Garcia, the first European to cross Paraguay and reach the Inca empire in 1524, is believed to have be ...
.


History

During the 17th and 18th centuries there was even greater political and population instability than in Concepción. The Mbayá and Payagua native tribes threatened all the area between the
Ypané Ypané is a city in the Central Department of Paraguay, 27 km from Asunción. It is accessed by Routes 1 and 2. The town was founded March 23, 1538 by the Spanish Governor Domingo Martínez de Irala. Its main activities are trade and industry ...
(in the north) and Manduvirá (in the south) Rivers and the valley by the Jejuí River. In 1660 the natives revolted in Arecajá against the postal parcel system, causing the disappearance of this town. To help regenerate this area, the Missions
San Estanislao {{Infobox settlement , settlement_type = City & District , official_name = San Estanislao de Kostka , native_name = , nickname = Santaní , motto = , image_skyline = , imagesize ...
(1749), Villa del Rosario (1786) and
San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú () is a city and distrito in Paraguay. It is the capital of the department of San Pedro. The conquistador Aleixo Garcia, the first European to cross Paraguay and reach the Inca empire in 1524, is believed to have be ...
(1786) were founded. The second department of the country, San Pedro, was created by law in 1906, and included the territories of
Itacurubí del Rosario Itacurubí del Rosario is a town in the San Pedro department of Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South ...
, Santa Rosa del Aguaray,
Tacuatí Tacuatí is a town and distrito in Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Arge ...
, Unión, Ygatimi and
Curuguaty Curuguaty (; originally called Villa de San Isidro Labrador de los Reyes Católicos de Curuguaty) is a city and a district in the Canindeyú Department of Paraguay, that was the 4th and last capital of Paraguay during the Paraguayan War in 1869 ...
, as well as the area of Canindeyú. Its limits were defined finally in 1973. In 1941, the Bruderhof, an Anabaptist group fleeing Nazi persecution, settled in the area of Rosario. They lived here for over 20 years, founding a hospital. They left for North America in 1966. Is hometown of important personalities of Paraguayan history, as
Vicente Ignacio Iturbe Vicente is an Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese name. Like its French variant, Vincent, it is derived from the Latin name ''Vincentius'' meaning "conquering" (from Latin ''vincere'', "to conquer"). Vicente may refer to: Location *São Vicente, Cap ...
and
Juana María de Lara Juana is a Spanish female first name. It is the feminine form of Juan (English John), and thus corresponds to the English names Jane, Janet, Jean, Joan, and Joanna. Juanita is a common variant. The name Juana may refer to: People * Juana I (1 ...
and the musician
Rosita Mello Rosita may refer to: Places * Rosita, Nicaragua, a municipality * Rosita Airport, an airport that serves Rosita, Nicaragua * La Rosita, Texas * Rosita, Colorado * Rosita North, Texas * Rosita, Texas, formerly named Rosita South * Nueva Rosita ...
, who is from Santaní.


Limits

It is located in the center of the Oriental Region, between the parallels 22º00’ and 23º30’ of latitude South and the meridians 58º00’ and 56º06’ of longitude West. Its limits are: * To the North: the Ypané River, which separates San Pedro from Concepción. * To the South: the Manduvirá River and Hondo Stream, which separates it from
Cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from , a diminutive of ('rope'). The term is most commonly us ...
; also the San Joaquín Cordillera, which separates it from Caaguazú. * To the East: the
Aguaray River Aguaray () is a city in the province of Salta, General José de San Martín department, in northern Argentina, near to the border with Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizont ...
, the limit with
Amambay Amambay () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Pedro Juan Caballero. The name comes from the name of a part of the Caaguazú Cordillera, "Amambai Mountains". Amambay is the name of a fern, typical of the forest in the region. Distric ...
, and the rivers Jejuí Guazú,
Curuguaty Curuguaty (; originally called Villa de San Isidro Labrador de los Reyes Católicos de Curuguaty) is a city and a district in the Canindeyú Department of Paraguay, that was the 4th and last capital of Paraguay during the Paraguayan War in 1869 ...
and Corrientes, which separates San Pedro from Canindeyú. * To the West: the
Paraguay River The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in ...
, natural limit with Presidente Hayes. It is the biggest department of the Oriental Region, and is mostly dedicated to agriculture, cattle and forestry.


Districts

The department is divided in 20 districts: #
Antequera Antequera () is a city and municipality in the Comarca de Antequera, province of Málaga, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. It is known as "the heart of Andalusia" (''el corazón de Andalucía'') because of its central locat ...
# Capiibary # Choré # General Aquino # General Resquín # Guayaibí #
Itacurubí del Rosario Itacurubí del Rosario is a town in the San Pedro department of Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South ...
#
Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...
#
Nueva Germania Nueva Germania (New Germania, german: Neugermanien) is a district of San Pedro Department in Paraguay. It was founded as a German settlement on 23 August 1887 by Bernhard Förster, a German nationalist, who was married to Elisabeth Förster-Niet ...
#
San Estanislao {{Infobox settlement , settlement_type = City & District , official_name = San Estanislao de Kostka , native_name = , nickname = Santaní , motto = , image_skyline = , imagesize ...
# San Pablo # San Pedro #
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
#
Tacuatí Tacuatí is a town and distrito in Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Arge ...
# Unión # 25 de Diciembre # Villa del Rosario # Yataity # Yrybucuá # Liberación


Climate

The climate is humid and rainy. The average temperature is 23 °C, the minimum in winter is 10 °C and the maximum in summer is 38 °C. The humidity is 70 to 80%, and the precipitation can reach 1,324 mm.


Orography and soil

The soil in San Pedro is sedimentary in the north, and with swamps, lagoons and valleys in the south. In the San Joaquín Mountains, natural limit with Caaguazú, the hills: Curuzú, Corazón, Aguaray, Noviretá, Guaviray and San Miguel outstand among others. The hill Cerro Dos de Oro, in Capiibary, is also an important landmark Half the territory of the department is apt for agriculture and cattle.


Hydrography

The west side of the territory is nurtured by the Paraguay River. The rivers: Ypané, Jejuí Guazú, Aguaraymi, Aguaray Guazú, Maduvirá and Tacuatí cross the entire department. The Corrientes River is by the east of the department. In San Pedro the swamps are abundant: Piripucú, San Antonio, Yetyty, Tapiracuai, Peguahó, Mbutuy, Tobatiry and Aguaraymi. There are also the lagoons Vera and Blanca. The most important ports are: Milagro, Colorado, Santa Rosa, Tacurú Pytá, Uno, Laurel, Jejuí, Mbopicuá, Santa Elena and Uruguaitá.


Nature and Vegetation

This territory is located between two ecosystems: the Central Forest and the Central Littoral. Due to deforestation, the primary resource of the department, which is the forestall resource, is nowadays the most affected, all as a result of the human activity. Some plant species are in danger of extinction, such as: yvyra paje, cedar, nandyta, victoria cruziana. And among the animal species: the tucan guazú (big toucan), guazutí, jacaré overo, mboi jagua and lobopé. The protected areas are: part of the San Joaquín Mountains, Blanca Lagoon, and the Milagros and Puerto Rosario Swamps.


Economy

The most important economic activity is cattle farming, and a moderate exploit of agriculture and almost no industry. The region's most important products are: cotton, soy,
sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks t ...
,
tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...
, beans, corn, banana, wheat, manioc, sour and sweet
oranges An orange is a fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae (see list of plants known as orange); it primarily refers to ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'', which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related ''Citrus × ...
. It is considered the number one tobacco, orange and grapefruit producer in the country, and the second best in production of sugar cane. There is also cultivation of
sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
,
tangerine The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color. Its scientific name varies. It has been treated as a separate species under the name ''Citrus tangerina'' or ''Citrus'' × ''tangerina'', or treated as a variety of ''Citrus retic ...
,
garlic Garlic (''Allium sativum'') is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus ''Allium''. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, Allium fistulosum, Welsh onion and Allium chinense, Chinese onion. It is native to South A ...
and
potatoes The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United ...
. San Pedro is the second best department in cattle and the first in production of poultry, such as turkey, goose and guinea fowl. The industries are: the cotton gin industry, yerba mills and distilleries of petit grain. In less proportion there are also sawmills and food industries such as coconut oil and starch producers. The sawmills have an important volume of production of different kinds of woods.


Communication and Services

San Pedro has well paved roads that travel through the department, link all the districts, and join to national routes “Gral Elizardo Aquino” ( Route 3), “Dr. Blas Garay” ( Route 8), “Las Residentas” ( Route 10) and “Juana de Lara” ( Route 11). The Paraguay, Aguray Guazú and Jejuí rivers are navigable and allow the transportation of wood from San Pedro to other localities. There are runways for medium-sized airplanes in the cities of
San Estanislao {{Infobox settlement , settlement_type = City & District , official_name = San Estanislao de Kostka , native_name = , nickname = Santaní , motto = , image_skyline = , imagesize ...
, San Pedro, Villa del Rosario y
Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...
, which allow access to the city by air. San Pedro has more than 6,000 phone lines installed. The radio stations Ykuamandyju and Ñasaindy transmit in AM, and the stations Santaní, Choré, Amistad, San Estanislao, Tapiracuai, La Voz del Campesino and Libertad transmit in FM. The city also has television channels, a post office, and public transportation. In San Pedro are 54,707 housings: 8,251 in the urban area and 46,456 in the rural area.


Education

The department has 525 primary schools, 901 basic education schools and 150 high schools (according to the Paraguayan education system).


Health

There are 101 health establishments distributed throughout the entire department.


Tourism

In San Pedro City, capital of the department, there is a cathedral from the year 1854, the Señor Francisco Resquín Historical Museum and the House of Culture, which are interesting tourist points. By the Jejuí River, there is a spring, the Ykua Mandyju, which has white sand beaches. In Itacurubí del Rosario, there is another spring, the Ykua Salas, very frequented by tourists. Laguna Blanca, in the district of Santa Rosa del Aguaray, is an ecologic and tourist point, where there is a lake with completely transparent water. In San Estanislao is the House of Culture and Historical Museum, which was the first Jesuit school, before becoming a barrack for the Marshall López, during the
Paraguayan War The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
.


References

* Illustrated Geography of Paraguay, 2007. Arami S. R. L. Distributor. * Geography of Paraguay, First Edition 1999, Editorial Hispana Paraguay S. R. L.


External links


SENATUR
{{Authority control States and territories established in 1906 1906 establishments in Paraguay