''Perenniporia'' is a

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Food and drink * Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo" History * Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953 Hotels and resorts * Cosmopoli ...

genus of bracket-forming or crust-like

polypore Polypores are a group of fungi that form large fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the underside (see Delimitation for exceptions). They are a morphological group of basidiomycetes-like gilled mushrooms and hydnoid fungi, and not all polypor ...

s in the family

Polyporaceae The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymeniu ...

. They are dimitic or trimitic with smooth, thick-walled

basidiospore A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are pro ...

s and cause a

white rot A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and col ...

in affected wood.

Taxonomy

''Perenniporia'' was proposed by American mycologist

William Alphonso Murrill William Alphonso Murrill (October 13, 1869 – December 25, 1957) was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Ga ...

in 1943 to contain two species formerly placed in ''Poria'', a genus formerly used to contain all crust-like poroid fungi. His description of the genus was: "Hymenophore become perennial, riding; context white or yellow; tubes pinkish, white or yellow, stratose in older specimens; spores hyaline." Murrill's concept was to move the species with

annual Annual may refer to: *Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year ** Yearbook ** Literary annual *Annual plant *Annual report *Annual giving *Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco *Annuals (band), ...

fruit bodies (''Poria unita'' and ''Poria nigriscens'') into ''Perenniporia'', retaining ''Poria'' for those that produced

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

fruit bodies. The genus name combines the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

word ''perennis'' ("perennial") with the genus name ''Poria Edalat''. Murrill's designated

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

, ''P. unita'', had a broad and poorly defined

species concept The species problem is the set of questions that arises when biologists attempt to define what a species is. Such a definition is called a species concept; there are at least 26 recognized species concepts. A species concept that works well for se ...

that included other species, including ''Perenniporia medulla-panis''. Additionally, ''P. unita'' was discovered to be a ''

nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

'', which also threatened the validity of the genus ''Perenniporia''. To remedy this nomenclatural instability, Cony Decock and Joost Stalpers proposed to

conserve Conserve may refer to: * Conserve (condiment), a preserve made from a mixture of fruits or vegetables * Conserve (NGO), an Indian environmental organization * Conserve (publisher), a Dutch publisher * Conserved sequence, a protein or nucleic aci ...

''Perenniporiella'' with ''P. medulla-panis'' as the type. Although ''

Truncospora ''Truncospora'' is a genus of 10 species of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Taxonomy The genus was originally proposed by Czech mycologist Albert Pilát in 1941, but this publication is invalid because a type species was not designated, contra ...

'' has traditionally been considered a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

of ''Perenniporia'',

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis shows that it is genetically unique and worthy of recognition as a distinct genus. Genera that have been segregated from ''Perenniporia'' include ''

Perenniporiopsis ''Perenniporiopsis'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the Polyporaceae The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle il ...

'' and ''

Perenniporiella ''Perenniporiella'' is a genus of five species of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was segregated from '' Perenniporia'' by Cony Decock and Leif Ryvarden in 2003 with '' P. neofulva'' as the type species In zoological ...

''.

Species

A 2008 estimate placed 60 species in the genus. ,

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...

accepts 100 species of ''Perenniporia'': *'' P. abyssinica'' Decock & Bitew (2012) *'' P. adnata'' Corner (1989) *'' P. africana'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005) *'' P. albocinnamomea'' Corner (1989) *'' P. alboferruginea'' Decock (2011) *'' P. alboincarnata'' (Pat. & Gaillard) Decock & Ryvarden (2011) *'' P. amazonica'' M.A.De Jesus & Ryvarden (2010) *'' P. amylodextrinoidea'' Gilb. & Ryvarden (1987) *'' P. aridula'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2012) *'' P. aurantiaca'' (A.David & Rajchenb.) Decock & Ryvarden (1999) *'' P. bambusicola'' Choeyklin, T.Hatt. & E.B.G.Jones (2009) *'' P. bannaensis'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014) *'' P. bartholomei'' (Peck) Gibertoni & Bernicchia (2006) *'' P. brasiliensis'' C.R.S.de Lira, A.M.S.Soares, Ryvarden & Gibertoni (2017) *'' P. centrali-africana'' Decock & Mossebo (2002) *'' P. chiangraiensis'' F.Wu & X.H.Ji (2017) *''P. chromatica'' (Berk. & Cooke) Decock & Ryvarden (1999) *'' P. cinereofusca'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014) *'' P. compacta'' Ryvarden & Gilb. (1984) *'' P. contraria'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. cremeopora'' Decock & Ryvarden (2000) *'' P. cunninghami'' Decock, P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (2000) *'' P. cystidiata'' Y.C.Dai, W.N.Chou & Sheng H.Wu (2002) *'' P. decurrata'' Corner (1989) *'' P. delavayi'' (Pat.) Decock & Ryvarden (1999) *'' P. dendrohyphidia'' Ryvarden (1988) *'' P. dipterocarpicola'' T.Hatt. & S.S.Lee (1999) *'' P. djaensis'' Decock & Mossebo (2002) *'' P. duplexa'' Ryvarden (2016) *'' P. ellipsospora'' Ryvarden & Gilb. (1984) *'' P. ellisiana'' (F.W.Anderson) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985) *'' P. fergusii'' Gilb. & Ryvarden (1987) *'' P. ferruginea'' Corner (1989) *'' P. formosana'' T.T.Chang (1994) *'' P. fraxinea'' (Bull.) Ryvarden (1978) *'' P. fraxinophila'' (Peck) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. fulviseda'' (Bres.) Dhanda (1981) *'' P. ganodermoides'' Ryvarden, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni (2016) *'' P. globispora'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005) *'' P. gomezii'' Rajchenb. & J.E.Wright (1982) *'' P. guyanensis'' Decock & Ryvarden (2011) *'' P. hainaniana'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. hattorii'' Y.C.Dai & B.K.Cui (2011) *'' P. hexagonoides'' T.Hatt. & S.S.Lee (1999) *'' P. inflexibilis'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. isabellina'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983) *'' P. japonica'' (Yasuda) T.Hatt. & Ryvarden (1994) *'' P. kilemariensis'' Spirin & Shirokov (2005) *'' P. koreana'' Y.Jang & J.J.Kim (2015) – South Korea *'' P. lacerata'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. luteola'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. maackiae'' (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Parmasto (1995) *'' P. macropora'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. malvena'' (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1989) *'' P. martia'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. medulla-panis'' (Jacq.) Donk (1967) *'' P. meridionalis'' Decock & Stalpers (2006) *'' P. mesoleuca'' (Petch) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. minor'' Y.C.Dai & H.X.Xiong (2008) *'' P. minutissima'' (Yasuda) T.Hatt. & Ryvarden (1994) *'' P. minutopora'' Ryvarden & Decock (2000) *'' P. mundula'' (Wakef.) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. nanjenshana'' T.T.Chang & W.N.Chou (2000) *'' P. nanlingensis'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2012) *'' P. nonggangensis'' F.C.Huang & Bin Liu (2017) *'' P. nouraguensis'' Decock (2016) *'' P. ochroleuca'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. ohiensis'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. oviformis'' G.Cunn. ex P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988) *'' P. paraguyanensis'' C.R.S.de Lira & Gibertoni (2017) *'' P. parvispora'' Decock & Ryvarden (2000) *'' P. pauciskeletalis'' Rajchenb. (1988) *'' P. penangiana'' Corner (1989) *'' P. permacilenta'' (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003) *'' P. phloiophila'' Gilb. & M.Blackw. (1984) *'' P. piceicola'' Y.C.Dai (2002) *'' P. piperis'' (Rick) Rajchenb. (1987) *'' P. podocarpi'' P.K.Buchanan & I.A.Hood (1992) *'' P. puerensis'' C.L.Zhao (2017) – China *'' P. pyricola'' Y.C.Dai & B.K.Cui (2010) *'' P. rhizomorpha'' B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Decock (2007) *'' P. roseoisabellina'' (Pat. & Gaillard) Ryvarden (1983) *'' P. rosmarini'' A.David & Malençon (1979) *'' P. rufidochmia'' (Corner) T.Hatt. & Sotome (2013) *'' P. russeimarginata'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. semistipitata'' (Lloyd) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1987) *'' P. sinuosa'' Ryvarden (1987) *'' P. sprucei'' Decock & Ryvarden (1999) *'' P. stipitata'' Ryvarden (1987) – Brazil *'' P. straminella'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *'' P. subacida'' (Peck) Donk (1967) *'' P. subannosa'' (Bres.) Decock, S.Herrera & Ryvarden (2001) *'' P. subdendrohyphidia'' Decock (2001) *'' P. subovoidea'' Decock & Ryvarden (2013) *'' P. substraminea'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014) *'' P. subtephropora'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. tenuis'' (Schwein.) Ryvarden (1973) *'' P. tianmuensis'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2013) *'' P. tibetica'' B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2012) *'' P. truncata'' (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1972) *'' P. truncatospora'' (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1986) *'' P. vanhullii'' Decock & Ryvarden (2015) *'' P. variegata'' Ryvarden & Gilb. 1984) *'' P. voeltzkowii'' (Henn.) Ryvarden 1980) *'' P. xantha'' Decock & Ryvarden 1999)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1141232 Polyporales genera Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill Taxa described in 1942