Piccadilly

Piccadilly (/ˌpɪkəˈdɪli/) is a road in the City of Westminster,
London to the south of Mayfair, between
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner in the west
and
Piccadilly Circus

Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road that
connects central London to Hammersmith, Earl's Court, Heathrow Airport
and the
M4 motorway

M4 motorway westward.
St James's

St James's is to the south of the
eastern section, while the western section is built up only on the
northern side.
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is just under 1 mile (1.6 km) in
length, and is one of the widest and straightest streets in central
London.
The street has been a main thoroughfare since at least medieval times,
and in the
Middle Ages

Middle Ages was known as "the road to Reading" or "the way
from Colnbrook". Around 1611 or 1612, a Robert Baker acquired land in
the area and prospered by making and selling piccadills.[nb 1] Shortly
after purchasing the land, he enclosed it and erected several
dwellings, including his home, Pikadilly Hall. What is now Piccadilly
was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of Braganza, wife of
Charles II, and grew in importance after the road from Charing Cross
to
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner was closed to allow the creation of
Green Park

Green Park in
1668. Some of the most notable stately homes in London were built on
the northern side of the street during this period, including
Clarendon House

Clarendon House and
Burlington House
.jpg/440px-Burlington_House_(5125727595).jpg)
Burlington House in 1664. Berkeley House,
constructed around the same time as Clarendon House, was destroyed by
a fire in 1733 and rebuilt as
Devonshire House
.JPG)
Devonshire House in 1737 by William
Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire. It was later used as the main
headquarters for the Whig party.
Burlington House
.jpg/440px-Burlington_House_(5125727595).jpg)
Burlington House has since been home
to several noted societies, including the
Royal Academy

Royal Academy of Arts, the
Geological Society of London

Geological Society of London and the Royal Astronomical Society.
Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western
end of the street.
St James's

St James's Church was consecrated in 1684 and the
surrounding area became St James Parish.
The Old White Horse Cellar, at No. 155, was one of the most
famous coaching inns in England by the late 18th century, by which
time the street had become a favourable location for booksellers. The
Bath Hotel emerged around 1790, and
Walsingham House

Walsingham House was built in
1887. Both the Bath and the Walsingham were purchased and demolished,
and the prestigious Ritz Hotel built on their site in 1906. Piccadilly
Circus station, at the east end of the street, was designed by Charles
Holden and built between 1925 and 1928. It was the first underground
station to have no above-ground premises; the station is only
accessible by subways from street level.[2] The clothing store
Simpson's was established at Nos. 203–206
Piccadilly

Piccadilly by Alec
Simpson in 1936. During the 20th century,
Piccadilly

Piccadilly became known as a
place to acquire heroin, and was notorious in the 1960s as the centre
of London's illegal drug trade. Today, it is regarded as one of
London's principal shopping streets. Its landmarks include the Ritz,
Park Lane, Athenaeum and Intercontinental hotels, Fortnum & Mason,
the Royal Academy, the RAF Club, Hatchards, the Embassy of Japan and
the High Commission of Malta.
Piccadilly

Piccadilly has inspired several works of fiction, including Oscar
Wilde's
The Importance of Being Earnest

The Importance of Being Earnest and the work of P. G.
Wodehouse. It is one of a group of squares on the London Monopoly
board.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Early history
1.2 Later 17th century
1.3 18th–19th centuries
1.4 20th–21st centuries
2 Transport
3 Cultural references
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
Early history[edit]
Apsley House

Apsley House on an 1869 map. The neighbouring houses were demolished
in the early 1960s to allow
Park Lane

Park Lane to be widened. The Wellington
Arch has been moved since this time.
The street has been part of a main road for centuries, although there
is no evidence that it was part of a Roman road, unlike Oxford Street
further north.[3] In the
Middle Ages

Middle Ages it was known as "the road to
Reading" or "the way from Colnbrook".[4] During the Tudor period,
relatively settled conditions made expansion beyond London's city
walls a safer venture. Property speculation became a lucrative
enterprise, and developments grew so rapidly that the threat of
disease and disorder prompted the government to ban developments.
Owing to the momentum of growth, the laws had little real effect.[5]
A plot of land bounded by Coventry, Sherwood, Glasshouse and Rupert
streets and the line of Smith's Court was granted by Elizabeth I to
William Dodington, a gentlemen of London, in 1559–60. A year or so
later it was owned by a brewer, Thomas Wilson of St
Botolph-without-Aldgate. The grant did not include a small parcel of
land, 1 3⁄8 acres in area, on the east of what is now Great
Windmill Street. That plot may have never belonged to the Crown, and
was owned by Anthony Cotton in the reign of Henry VIII. John Cotton
granted it to John Golightly in 1547, and his descendants sold it to a
tailor, Robert Baker, in c. 1611–12. Six or seven years later, Baker
bought 22 acres of Wilson's land, thanks largely to money from his
second marriage.[5][nb 2]
Baker became financially successful by making and selling fashionable
piccadills.[1] Shortly after purchasing the land, he enclosed it (the
parishioners had
Lammas

Lammas grazing rights) and erected several dwellings,
including a residence and shop for himself; within two years his house
was known as Pickadilly Hall.[5][6][7][nb 3] A map published by
Faithorne in 1658 describes the street as "the way from Knightsbridge
to
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Hall".[9] A nearby gaming house, known as Shaver's Hall
and nicknamed "Tart Hall" or "Pickadell Hall", was popular with the
gentry of London. Lord Dell lost £3000 gambling at cards there in
1641.[10]
After Robert Baker's death in 1623 and the death of his eldest son
Samuel shortly after, his widow and her father purchased the wardship
of their surviving children; the death of the next eldest son, Robert,
in 1630, allowed them to effectively control the estate.[5] Their only
daughter died and her widower, Sir Henry Oxenden, retained an interest
in the land. Several relatives claimed it,[nb 4] but after Mary
Baker's death in about 1665, the estate reverted to the Crown.[5] A
great-nephew, John Baker, obtained possession of part of it, but
squabbled over the lands with his cousin, James Baker; trying to play
one another off, they paid or granted rights to Oxenden and a
speculator, Colonel Thomas Panton, but the pair eventually lost out to
them. By the 1670s, Panton was developing the lands and, despite the
claims of some distantly-related Bakers, he steadily built them up.[5]
Later 17th century[edit]
St James's

St James's Church has stood on
Piccadilly

Piccadilly since 1684, and was designed
by Sir Christopher Wren
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of
Braganza, wife of Charles II.[9] Its importance to traffic increased
after an earlier road from
Charing Cross

Charing Cross to
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner was
closed to allow the creation of
Green Park

Green Park in 1668.[3] After the
Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Charles II encouraged the
development of Portugal Street and the area to the north (Mayfair)and
they became fashionable residential localities.[11] Some of the
grandest mansions in London were built on the northern side of the
street.
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon

Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon and close political adviser
to the king, purchased land for a house;
Clarendon House

Clarendon House (now the
location of Albemarle Street) was built in 1664,[12] and the earl sold
the surplus land partly to Sir John Denham, who built what later
became Burlington House. Denham chose the location because it was on
the outskirts of London surrounded by fields. The house was first used
to house the poor, before being reconstructed by the third Earl of
Burlington in 1718.[13] Berkeley House was constructed around the same
time as Clarendon House.[13] It was destroyed by a fire in 1733, and
rebuilt as
Devonshire House
.JPG)
Devonshire House in 1737 by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of
Devonshire, and was subsequently used as the headquarters for the Whig
party.[14]
Devonshire House
.JPG)
Devonshire House survived until 1921, before being sold for
redevelopment by
Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire

Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire for £1
million.[15]
Burlington House
.jpg/440px-Burlington_House_(5125727595).jpg)
Burlington House has since been home to the Royal Academy
of Arts, the Geological Society of London, the Linnean Society of
London, the Royal Astronomical Society, the British Astronomical
Association, the
Society of Antiquaries of London

Society of Antiquaries of London and the Royal
Society of Chemistry.[16]
Burlington House, home to several learned societies
The land to the south of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was leased to trustees of the Earl
of St Albans in 1661 for a thirty-year term, subsequently extended to
1740. Nos. 162–165 were granted freehold by the king to Sir
Edward Villiers in 1674.[3] The White Bear Inn had been established
between what is now No. 221
Piccadilly

Piccadilly and the parallel Jermyn
Street since 1685. It remained in use throughout the 18th century
before being demolished in 1870 to make way for a restaurant.[3]
St James's

St James's Church was first proposed in 1664, when residents wanted to
become a separate parish from St Martin in the Fields. After several
Bill readings, construction began in 1676. The building was designed
by
Christopher Wren

Christopher Wren and cost around £5,000. It was consecrated in
1684, when the surrounding area became St James Parish.[17]
By 1680, most of the original residential properties along Portugal
Street had been demolished or built over.[18] The name
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was
applied to part of the street east of
Swallow Street

Swallow Street by 1673, and
eventually became the de facto name for the entire length of Portugal
Street.[9] A plan of the area around St James Parish in 1720 describes
the road as "Portugal Street aka Piccadilly".[19] John Rocque's Map of
London, published in 1746, refers to the entire street as
Piccadilly.[9][nb 5]
18th–19th centuries[edit]
The view of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly from
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner in 1810
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was increasingly developed and by the middle of the 18th
century it was continuously built on as far as Hyde Park Corner.[21]
The development of
St James's

St James's and
Mayfair

Mayfair in particular made
Piccadilly

Piccadilly into one of the busiest roads in London.[22] Hugh Mason and
William Fortnum started the Fortnum & Mason partnership on
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in 1705, selling recycled candles from Buckingham
Palace.[23] By 1788, the store sold poultry, potted meats, lobsters
and prawns, savoury patties, Scotch eggs, and fresh and dried
fruits.[24]
The street acquired a reputation for numerous inns and bars during
this period.[25] The Old White Horse Cellar, at No. 155, was one
of the most famous coaching inns in England but was later
destroyed.[24] The Black Bear and White Bear (originally the Fleece)
public houses were nearly opposite each other, although the former was
demolished in about 1820. Also of note were the Hercules' Pillars,
just west of Hamilton Place, the Triumphant Car, which was popular
with soldiers, and the White Horse and Half Moon.[25] The Bath Hotel
emerged around 1790[26] and
Walsingham House

Walsingham House was built in 1887.[27]
The Bath and the Walsingham were demolished when the Ritz Hotel opened
on the site in 1906.[28]
No. 106, on the corner of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly and Brick Street was built
for Hugh Hunlock in 1761. It was subsequently owned by the 6th Earl of
Coventry who remodelled it around 1765; most of the architecture from
this renovation has survived. In 1869, it became home to the St
James's Club, a gentleman's club which stayed there until 1978.[29]
The building is now the London campus of the Limkokwing University of
Creative Technology.[30]
Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western
end of the street.
Nathan Mayer Rothschild

Nathan Mayer Rothschild moved his banking premises
to No. 107 in 1825, and the construction of other large
buildings, complete with ballrooms and marble staircases, led to the
street being colloquially referred to as Rothschild Row.[31] Ferdinand
James von Rothschild lived at No. 143 with his wife Evelina while
Lionel de Rothschild

Lionel de Rothschild lived at No. 148.[32] Melbourne House was
designed by William Chambers for Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne
and built between 1770 and 1774. In 1802, it was converted to
apartments, and is now the Albany.[33] The house has been the
residence for the British Prime Ministers
William Ewart Gladstone

William Ewart Gladstone and
Edward Heath.[33]
St James's

St James's Hall was designed by Owen Jones and built
between 1857–8.
Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens gave several readings of his novels
in the hall, including
Great Expectations

Great Expectations and Oliver Twist. The hall
hosted performances from Antonín Dvořák,
Edvard Grieg
_by_Elliot_and_Fry_-_02.jpg/440px-Edvard_Grieg_(1888)_by_Elliot_and_Fry_-_02.jpg)
Edvard Grieg and Pyotr
Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was demolished in 1905 and replaced by the
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Hotel.[34]
The bookseller
Hatchards

Hatchards has been based on
Piccadilly

Piccadilly since 1797,
occupying the current premises at what is now No. 187 in 1801
In the late-18th century,
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was a favoured place for
booksellers. In 1765, John Almon opened a shop in No. 178, which
was frequented by Lord Temple and other Whigs. John Stockdale opened a
shop on No. 181 in 1781. The business continued after his death
in 1810, and was run by his family until 1835. The oldest surviving
bookshop in Britain,
Hatchards

Hatchards was started by John Hatchard at
No. 173 in 1797, moving to the current location at
No. 189-90 (now No. 187) in 1801.
Aldine Press

Aldine Press moved to
Piccadilly

Piccadilly from
Chancery Lane

Chancery Lane in 1842, and remained there until
1894.[3]
The
Egyptian Hall

Egyptian Hall at No. 170, designed in 1812 by P. F. Robinson
for W. Bullock of Liverpool, was modelled on Ancient Egyptian
architecture, particularly the Great Temple of
Dendera

Dendera (Tentyra). [35]
One author described it as "one of the strangest places Piccadilly
ever knew".[36] It was a venue for exhibitions by the Society of
Painters in Water Colours and the
Society of Female Artists

Society of Female Artists during the
19th century.[37] It contained numerous Egyptian antiquaries; at an
auction in June 1822, two "imperfect"
Sekhmet

Sekhmet statues were sold for
£380, and a flawless one went for £300.[38]
20th–21st centuries[edit]
The Ritz hotel opened in
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in 1906
By the 1920s most old buildings had been demolished or were in
institutional use as traffic noise had driven away residents but a few
residential properties remained. Albert, Duke of York lived at
No. 145 at the time of his accession as King George VI in
1936.[21]
Simpsons of Piccadilly, now the
Waterstones

Waterstones flagship store
The clothing store Simpson's was established at 203 - 206
Piccadilly

Piccadilly by Alec Simpson in 1936, who provided factory-made men's
clothing. The premises were designed by the architect Joseph Amberton
in a style that mixed art deco and
Bauhaus

Bauhaus school design and an
influence from Louis Sullivan. On opening it claimed to be the largest
menswear store in London. It closed in January 1999 and its premises
are the flagship shop of the booksellers Waterstones.[39]
During the 20th century,
Piccadilly

Piccadilly became known as a place to acquire
heroin. Jazz trumpeter
Dizzy Reece recalled people queuing outside
Piccadilly's branch of Boots for heroin pills in the late 1940s.[40]
By the 1960s, the street and surrounding area were notorious as the
centre of London's illegal drug trade, where heroin and cocaine could
be purchased on the black market from unscrupulous chemists.[41] By
1982, up to 20 people could be seen queueing at a chemist dealing in
illegal drugs in nearby Shaftesbury Avenue.[42] No. 144 was
occupied by squatters in 1968, taking advantage of a law that allowed
disused buildings to be used for emergency shelter for the homeless.
The radical squatting movement that resulted foundered soon after due
to the rise of drug dealers and
Hell's Angels

Hell's Angels occupying the site. An
eviction took place on 21 September 1969 and the events resulted in
licensed squatting organisations that could take over empty premises
to use as homeless shelters.[43] In 1983, A. Burr of the British
Journal of Addiction published an article on "The
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Drug
Scene", in which the author discussed the regular presence of known
dealers and easy accessibility of drugs.[44][45]
Today,
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is regarded as one of London's principal shopping
streets, hosting several famous shops. The Ritz Hotel, the Park Lane
Hotel, the
Athenaeum Hotel

Athenaeum Hotel and Intercontinental Hotels are located on
the street, along with other luxury hotels and offices. Having been an
established area for gentlemen's clubs in the 20th century, this has
declined and only the
Cavalry and Guards Club

Cavalry and Guards Club and the Royal Air Force
Club are left.[21]
Transport[edit]
Piccadilly

Piccadilly near
Green Park

Green Park station in 2009.
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is a major thoroughfare in the
West End of London

West End of London and has
several major road junctions. To the east,
Piccadilly Circus

Piccadilly Circus opened in
1819 connecting it to Regent Street. It has become one of the most
recognised landmarks in London, particularly after a statue of Eros
was constructed on the junction in 1893, and the erection of large
electric billboards in 1923.[46] At the western end of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is
Hyde Park Corner, and the street has a major road junction with St
James's Street and other significant junctions at Albemarle Street,
Bond Street

Bond Street and Dover Street.[47]
The road is part of the A4 connecting central London to Hammersmith,
Earl's Court,
Heathrow Airport

Heathrow Airport and the M4 motorway. Congestion along
the road has been reported since the mid-19th century, leading to its
progressive widening and removing the northern portions of Green
Park.[48][49] Traffic signals were installed in the 1930s.[50] In the
late 1950s, the
Ministry of Transport remodelled
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner at
the western end to form a major traffic gyratory system, including
enlargement of Park Lane. It opened on 17 October 1962 at a cost of
£5 million.[51][52]
The
London bus

London bus routes 9, 14, 19, 22, 38, C2, N9, N19, N22, N38 and N97
all run along Piccadilly.[47] Part of the
Piccadilly line

Piccadilly line on the
London Underground

London Underground travels under the street.[53] Green Park, Hyde Park
Corner, and
Piccadilly Circus

Piccadilly Circus stations (which are all on the
Piccadilly

Piccadilly line) have entrances in or near Piccadilly.[47]
Cultural references[edit]
The music hall song "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" mentions Piccadilly
and
Leicester Square

Leicester Square in its lyrics. It was written in 1912 about an
Irishman living in London, but became popular after being adopted by
the mostly Irish
Connaught Rangers

Connaught Rangers during World War I.[54] The street
is mentioned in Gilbert and Sullivan's 1881 operetta Patience, in the
lyrics of the song "If You're Anxious For To Shine".[55] One of the
major hit songs of the Edwardian musical play The Arcadians (1909)
which enjoyed long runs in the
West End of London

West End of London and on New York's
Broadway is "All down Piccadilly" (Simplicitas and Chorus, Act III,
revised version), with music by
Lionel Monckton

Lionel Monckton who also co-wrote the
words with Arthur Wimperis.[56]
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is mentioned in several works of fiction. Raffles, E. W.
Hornung's "gentleman thief" lives at the Albany as does Jack Worthing
from Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest.[57] According to
author Mary C King, Wilde chose the street because of its resemblance
to the Spanish word peccadillo, meaning "slashed" or "pierced".[58]
In Evelyn Waugh's novel Brideshead Revisited, the mansion, Marchmain
House, supposedly located in a cul-de-sac off
St James's

St James's near
Piccadilly, is demolished and replaced with flats. In the 1981 Granada
Television dramatisation, Bridgewater House in Cleveland Row was used
as the exterior of Marchmain House.[59]
In Arthur Machen's 1894 novella The Great God Pan, Helen Vaughan, the
satanic villainess and offspring of Pan, lives off
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in the
pseudonymous Ashley Street.[58] Margery Allingham's detective, Albert
Campion, has a flat at 17A Bottle Street, Piccadilly, over a police
station, although Bottle Street is fictitious.[60]
Several
P.G. Wodehouse

P.G. Wodehouse novels use the setting of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly as the
playground of the rich, idle bachelor in the inter-war period of the
20th century. Notable instances are present in the characters of
Bertie Wooster

Bertie Wooster and his
Drones Club

Drones Club companions in the
Jeeves
_-_Crop.jpg/440px-P.G._Wodehouse_-_My_Man_Jeeves_-_1st_American_edition_(1920_printing)_-_Crop.jpg)
Jeeves stories
and the character of James Crocker in the story
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Jim.[61]
Dorothy Sayers' fictional detective, Lord Peter Wimsey, was described
as living at 110A
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in the inter-war period.[62]
The street is a square on the British Monopoly board, forming a set
with
Leicester Square

Leicester Square and Coventry Street.[63] When a European Union
version of the game was produced in 1992,
Piccadilly

Piccadilly was one of three
London streets selected, along with
Oxford Street
.jpg/440px-Oxford_Street_(geograph_4949395).jpg)
Oxford Street and Park Lane.[64]
In 1996, Latvian singer
Laima Vaikule

Laima Vaikule released an album "Ya vyshla na
Pikadilli" ("I Went Out on Piccadilly").[65]
See also[edit]
London portal
Bentley & Skinner jewellers
Bomber Command Memorial
British Academy of Film and Television Arts

British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA)
Burlington Arcade
Criterion Theatre[66]
Egyptian Hall
Embassy of Japan
Fortnum & Mason
Hatchards
Le Méridien
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Hotel
Gloucester House, accommodating
Hard Rock Cafe

Hard Rock Cafe (their first
restaurant)
High Commission of Malta, London
Prince's Arcade
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Arcade
Piccadilly

Piccadilly (movie)
The Ritz Hotel London
References[edit]
Notes
^ Piccadills were stiff collars with scalloped edges and a broad lace
or perforated border then in fashion.[1]
^ His second wife was Mary, daughter of Samuel Higgins, an
apothecary.[5]
^
Piccadilly

Piccadilly has also been described as a variation of the old Dutch
word "Pickedillikens", meaning the extreme or utmost part of
something.[8]
^ Edward Hobart, Robert's son-in-law, and a man claiming to be a
great-nephew, John Baker, of Wellington, Somerset, or Payhembury,
Devon.
^ The street was officially known as Portugal Street until circa
1750.[20]
Citations
^ a b Taggart, Caroline (13 June 2012). "The surprising reasons behind
London's oldest place names". The Daily Telegraphy. Retrieved 23 March
2015.
^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 641.
^ a b c d e F. H. W. Sheppard, ed. (1960). "Piccadilly, South Side".
Survey of London. London: London County Council. 29–30: 251–270.
Retrieved 26 March 2015.
^ Kingsford 1925, p. 97.
^ a b c d e f g F. H. W. Sheppard, ed. (1963). "The Early History of
Piccadilly". Survey of London. London: London County Council. 31–32:
32–40. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
^ Kingsford 1925, p. 73.
^ Le Vay 2012, p. 112.
^ Dasent 1920, p. 8.
^ a b c d Kingsford 1925, p. 98.
^ Street 1907, pp. 3–4.
^ Wheatley 1870, p. 2.
^ Wheatley 1870, p. 83.
^ a b Kingsford 1925, p. 104.
^ Walford, Edward (1878). "Mansions in Piccadilly". 4. Old and New
London: 273–290. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ Moore 2003, p. 116.
^ "Burlington House". Royal Society. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
^ "Building History".
St James's

St James's Church, Piccadilly. Retrieved 23
March 2015.
^ Kingsford 1925, p. 40.
^ Wheatley 1870, p. xiv.
^ Wheatley 1870, p. 15.
^ a b c Weinreb et al 2008, p. 639.
^ McDonald 2004, p. 98.
^ Fullmann 2012, p. 61.
^ a b Binney 2006, p. 20.
^ a b Timbs 1866, p. 221.
^ "Lost". The Times. London, England. 19 December 1789. p. 1.
Retrieved 26 June 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Cheshire House 66A Eaton Square, and 52 Eaton Mews West, SWI".
Country Life. 196: 105. 2002. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
^ Macqueen-Pope 1972, p. 119.
^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 640.
^ "Limkokwing University Campuses & Contact Centres". Limkokwing
University of Creative Technology. Archived from the original on 31
December 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
^ Bedoire & Tanner 2004, pp. 129–30.
^ Morton 2014, p. 155.
^ a b Weinreb et al 2008, p. 10.
^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 766.
^ Jones 1833, p. 157.
^ Macqueen-Pope 1972, p. 77.
^ Nineteenth-century Studies 2004, p. 145.
^ Starkey & Starkey 2001, p. 48.
^ Gillian, Leslie (13 December 1998). "Design: Goodbye, Piccadilly..."
The Independent. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ Duffy, Jonathan (25 January 2006). "When heroin was legal". BBC
News. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ Burr 1983, p. 883.
^ Burr 1983, p. 885.
^ "Police storm squat in Piccadilly". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March
2015.
^ Berridge 1990, p. 162.
^ Raistrick & Davidson 1985, p. 110.
^ "
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Circus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 January 2013.
Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ a b c "Central London Bus Map" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "Metropolitan Improvements – Hyde Park Corner". Hansard. 31 May
1883. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "The Widening of Piccadilly". Hansard. 15 August 1901. Retrieved 30
July 2015.
^ "Traffic signals (Piccadilly)". Hansard. 8 February 1932. Retrieved
30 July 2015.
^ "Building the
Hyde Park Corner

Hyde Park Corner Underpass". Museum of London.
Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ "Hyde Park South Carriage Drive". Hansard. 13 November 1962.
Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ York 2013, p. 19.
^ Ciment & Russell 2007, p. 1083.
^ "Am I Alone - And Unobserved?".
Gilbert and Sullivan

Gilbert and Sullivan Archive.
Retrieved 17 November 2016. .[
^ "The Arcadians, operetta~Act 3. All down Piccadilly". AllMusic.
Retrieved 23 January 2017.
^ Cook 2013, p. 56.
^ a b Karschay 2015, p. 109.
^ Halliday 2013, p. 71.
^ Panek 1979, p. 131.
^ McIlvaine, Sherby & Heineman 1990, pp. 30–31.
^ Dorothy Sayers. "Whose Body". Retrieved 24 October 2017.
^ Moore 2003, p. 86.
^ Moore 2003, p. 113.
^ "Я вышла на Пикадилли" (in Russian). Laima.com.
Retrieved 25 March 2016.
^ "Location Map – Criterion Theatre". Criterion-Theatre.co.uk.
Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
Foyer Entrance : 218–223 Piccadilly
Sources
Bedoire, Fredric; Tanner, Robert (2004). The Jewish Contribution to
Modern Architecture, 1830–1930. KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
ISBN 978-0-88125-808-0.
Berridge, Virginia (February 1990). Drugs research and policy in
Britain: a review of the 1980s. Avebury.
ISBN 978-0-566-07045-7.
Binney, Marcus (2006). The Ritz Hotel, London. Thames & Hudson.
ISBN 978-0-500-51279-1.
Burr, Angela (24 September 1983). "Increased Sale of Opiates on the
Blackmarket in the
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Area". 287 (6396). British Medical
Journal (Clinical Research Edition).
JSTOR 29512374. – via
JSTOR

JSTOR (subscription
required)
Ciment, James; Russell, Thaddeus (2007). The Home Front Encyclopedia:
United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II. 1.
ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-576-07849-5.
Cook, Matthew (2013). Powell, Kerry; raby, Peter, eds.
Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde in
Context. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-1-107-72910-0.
Dasent, Arthur Irwin (1920).
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in Three Centuries: With Some
Account of Berkeley Square and the Haymarket. Macmillan and Company,
limited.
Fullmann, Joe (2012). Frommer's London Day By Day. John Wiley &
Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-99486-2.
Halliday, Stephen (2013). From 221B
Baker Street

Baker Street to the Old Curiosity
Shop: A Guide to London's Famous Literary Landmarks. The History
Press. ISBN 978-0-752-49252-0.
Jones (1833). Metropolitan Improvements, Or London in the 19th
Century. Jones & Company.
Karschay, Stephan (2015). Degeneration, Normativity and the Gothic at
the Fin de Siècle : Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century
Writing and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN 978-1-137-45033-3.
Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1925). The Early History of Piccadilly,
Leicester Square, Soho and their Neighbourhood. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-1-107-62654-6.
Le Vay, Benedit (2012). Ben Le Vay's Eccentric London: A Practical
Guide to a Curious City. Bradt Travel Guides.
ISBN 978-1-841-62394-8.
Macqueen-Pope, Walter James (24 February 1972). Goodbye Piccadilly.
David and Charles.
McDonald, Guy (2 February 2004). England. New Holland Publishers.
ISBN 978-1-86011-116-7.
McIlvaine, E; Sherby, L.S; Heineman, J.H. (1990). P.G. Wodehouse: A
comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman.
pp. 30–31. ISBN 087008125X.
Moore, Tim (2003). Do Not Pass Go. Vintage.
ISBN 978-0-099-43386-6.
Morton, Frederic (21 October 2014). The Rothschilds: A Family
Portrait. Diversion Books. ISBN 978-1-62681-394-6.
Nineteenth-century Studies. Southeastern Nineteenth-Century Studies
Association. 2004.
Panek, LeRoy (1979). Watteau's Shepherds: The Detective Novel in
Britain, 1914–1940. Popular Press.
ISBN 978-0-879-72132-9.
Raistrick, Duncan; Davidson, Robin (1985). Alcoholism and Drug
Addiction. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-03092-5.
Starkey, Paul; Starkey, Janet (22 September 2001). Travellers in
Egypt. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-674-4.
Street, George Slythe (1907). The Ghosts of Piccadilly. G. P. Putnam's
Sons.
Timbs, John (1866). Club Life of London with Anecdotes of the Clubs,
Coffee-Houses and Taverns of the Metropolis During the 17th, 18th, and
19th Centuries: By John Timbs. Richard Bentley.
Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (1870). Round about
Piccadilly

Piccadilly and Pall Mall:
Or, A Ramble from the Haymarket to Hyde Park. Smith, Elder &
Company.
Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2008).
The London Encyclopedia. Pan MacMillan.
ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
York, Peter (7 March 2013). The Blue Riband: The
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Line.
Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-84614-680-0.
Further reading[edit]
John Timbs

John Timbs (1867), "Piccadilly", Curiosities of London (2nd ed.),
London: J.C. Hotten, OCLC 12878129
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piccadilly.
Look up
Piccadilly

Piccadilly in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The Early History of
Piccadilly

Piccadilly – from the Survey of London
An article from the International Herald Tribune about the closing of
Simpsons, its history and place on Piccadilly
The Lights of Piccadilly
v
t
e
London landmarks
Buildings and
structures
Bridges
Albert Bridge
Blackfriars Bridge
Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges
Lambeth Bridge
London Bridge
Millennium Footbridge
Southwark Bridge
Tower Bridge
Vauxhall Bridge
Waterloo Bridge
Westminster Bridge
Entertainment
venues
Cinemas
Empire, Leicester Square
BFI IMAX
Odeon, Leicester Square
Football stadia
Wembley Stadium

Wembley Stadium (national stadium)
Craven Cottage

Craven Cottage (Fulham)
The Den

The Den (Millwall)
Emirates Stadium

Emirates Stadium (Arsenal)
Loftus Road

Loftus Road (Queens Park Rangers)
London Stadium

London Stadium (West Ham United)
Selhurst Park

Selhurst Park (Crystal Palace)
Stamford Bridge (Chelsea)
The Valley (Charlton Athletic)
White Hart Lane

White Hart Lane (Tottenham Hotspur)
Other major
sports venues
All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
The Championship Course

The Championship Course (rowing)
Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
Lord's

Lord's (cricket)
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
The Oval

The Oval (cricket)
Twickenham Stadium

Twickenham Stadium (rugby)
Theatres
Adelphi
Apollo Victoria
Coliseum
Criterion
Dominion
Lyceum
Old Vic
Palladium
Royal National Theatre
Royal Opera House
Shakespeare's Globe
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
Theatre Royal Haymarket
Vaudeville
Other
Alexandra Palace
Brixton Academy
ExCeL
Hammersmith

Hammersmith Apollo
O2 Arena
Royal Albert Hall
Royal Festival Hall
Wembley Arena
Government
10 Downing Street
Admiralty Arch
Bank of England
City Hall
County Hall
Guildhall
Horse Guards
Mansion House
National Archives
Old Bailey
Palace of Westminster
Royal Courts of Justice
Scotland Yard
SIS Building
Museums and
galleries
British Museum
Cutty Sark
Golden Hinde
HMS Belfast
Imperial War Museum
Madame Tussauds
Museum of London
National Gallery
National Maritime Museum
Natural History Museum
Royal Academy

Royal Academy of Arts
Royal Observatory
Science Museum
Tate Britain
Tate Modern
Tower of London
Victoria and Albert Museum
Places of worship
All Hallows-by-the-Tower
BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir
Bevis Marks Synagogue
Methodist Central Hall
Regent's Park

Regent's Park Mosque
St Martin-in-the-Fields
St Mary-le-Bow
St Paul's Cathedral
Southwark Cathedral
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Cathedral
Retailing
Shops
Fortnum & Mason
Hamleys
Harrods
Liberty
Peter Jones
Selfridges
Shopping centres
and markets
Borough Market
Brent Cross
Burlington Arcade
Kensington Arcade
Leadenhall Market
The Mall Wood Green
One New Change
Petticoat Lane Market
Royal Exchange
Westfield London
Westfield Stratford City
Royal buildings
Partly occupied by
the Royal Family
Buckingham Palace
Clarence House
Kensington Palace
St James's

St James's Palace
Unoccupied
Banqueting House
Hampton Court Palace
Kew Palace
The Queen's Gallery
Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace
Skyscrapers
Broadgate Tower
1 Canada Square
8 Canada Square
25 Canada Square
1 Churchill Place
20 Fenchurch Street
Heron Tower
Leadenhall Building
The Shard
St George Wharf Tower
30 St Mary Axe
Tower 42
Structures
Albert Memorial
ArcelorMittal Orbit
Big Ben
Cleopatra's Needle
Crystal Palace transmitting station
London Eye
London Wall
Marble Arch
The Monument
Nelson's Column
Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain

Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")
Thames Barrier
Wellington Arch
Transport
City Airport
Heathrow Airport
Charing Cross

Charing Cross station
Clapham Junction station
Euston station
King's Cross station
Liverpool Street station
London Bridge

London Bridge station
Paddington station
St Pancras station
Stratford station
Victoria station
Waterloo station
Victoria Coach Station
Emirates Air Line cable car
Other
Barbican Estate
Battersea Power Station
British Library
BT Tower
Kew Gardens
Lambeth Palace
Lloyd's building
London Zoo
Oxo Tower
St Bartholomew's Hospital
Smithfield Market
Somerset House
Parks
Royal Parks
Bushy Park
Green Park
Greenwich Park
Hampton Court Park
Hyde Park
Kensington Gardens
Regent's Park
Richmond Park
St. James's Park
Other
Battersea Park
Burgess Park
Clapham Common
College Green
Epping Forest
Finsbury Park
Gunnersbury Park
Hampstead Heath
Holland Park
Mitcham Common
Osterley Park
Trent Park
Victoria Park
Wandsworth Common
Wimbledon Common
Squares and
public spaces
Covent Garden
Horse Guards Parade
Leicester Square
Oxford Circus
Parliament Square
Piccadilly

Piccadilly Circus
Sloane Square
Trafalgar Square
Streets
Aldwych
Baker Street
Bishopsgate
Bond Street
Carnaby Street
Chancery Lane
Charing Cross

Charing Cross Road
Cheapside
Cornhill
Denmark Street
Fenchurch Street
Fleet Street
Haymarket
Jermyn Street
Kensington High Street
King's Road
Lombard Street
The Mall
Oxford Street
Park Lane
Piccadilly
Portobello Road
Regent Street
Shaftesbury Avenue
Sloane Street
Strand
Tottenham Court Road
Victoria Embankment
Whitehall
Coordinates: 51°30′25″N 0°08′32″W / 51.50698°N
0.14235°W /