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Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a
Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a phenol
Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it ...
ic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton). Two important naturally occurring types of phenolic acids are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acid
Hydroxycinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamates) are a class of aromatic acids or phenylpropanoids having a C6–C3 skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of cinnamic acid.
In the category of phytochemicals that can be found in food, there ...
s, which are derived from non-phenolic molecules of benzoic and cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH=CH- COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs na ...
, respectively.
Occurrences
Phenolic acids can be found in many plant species. Their content indried fruit
Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to th ...
s can be high.
Natural phenols in horse grams (''Macrotyloma uniflorum'') are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, ''p''-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, ''p''-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acid
Sinapinic acid, or sinapic acid (Sinapine - Origin: L. Sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr., cf. F. Sinapine.), is a small naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is a commonly used matrix in MALDI mass ...
s.
Phenolic acids can be found in several mushroom-forming species of basidiomycetes
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Ba ...
. It is also a part of the humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil humus.
Many phenolic acids can be found in human urine.
Chemistry
Immobilized ''Candida antarctica
''Candida antarctica'' is a yeast species in the genus '' Candida''.
''Candida antarctica'' is a source of important industrial enzymes. Immobilized ''Candida antarctica'' lipase can be used to catalyze the regioselective acylation of flavonoid ...
'' lipase can be used to catalyze the direct acetylation of flavonoids with phenolic acids.
See also
*Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, ...
* Aromatic alcohol In organic chemistry, the aromatic alcohols or aryl-alcohols are a class of chemical compounds containing a hydroxyl group (— O H) bonded indirectly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group, in contrast to the phenols, where the hydroxyl group is bonded ...
* List of phytochemicals in food
While there is ample evidence to indicate the health benefits of diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts, no specific food has been acknowledged by scientists and government regulatory authorities as providing a health bene ...
References
{{Phenolic acid Phenolic acids