Bengal is a region in South Asia, politically split between Bangladesh and India. Due to its long history and complicated political divisions, various names have been used to refer to the region and its subsections. The name Bangla is used by both Bangladesh and West Bengal in international contexts. In the Bengali language, the two Bengals each use a different term to refer to the nominally identified nation: Bānglā () and Baṅga ()

Terminology in detail

*Geography: ** Bengal is a region in Asia located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Geographically it is part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest river delta system in the world. The region borders the Himalayan states to its north and in the east borders Northeast India and the country of Burma. **Bangla ( bn, links=no, বাংলা) may be a transliteration of either Bengal (a geographical and ethno-linguistic region in South Asia) or Bengali (an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Bengal). It can also refer to the

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

of the region in the Bengali language or the native name of the region. **Bongo ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গ) is a transliteration of the Bengali name of the region of Bengal as a geographical and ethno-linguistic region in South Asia. *Language: ** Bangladesh The etymology of Bangladesh ("Bengali Country") can be traced to the early 20th century, when

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

patriotic songs, such as "Namo Namo Namo Bangladesh Momo" (1922) by Kazi Nazrul Islam and "Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy" (1905) by Rabindranath Tagore, used the term. The term Bangladesh was often written as two words, Bangla Desh, in the past. Starting in the 1950s, Bengali nationalists used the term in political rallies in East Bengal (In the year 1971 it became Bangladesh) province of Pakistan. The term

Bangla Bangla (Bengali: বাংলা) may refer to: *Bengali language, an eastern Indo-Aryan language *The endonym of Bengal, a geographical and ethno-linguistic region in South Asia *''Bangla-'', a prefix indicating Bangladesh Businesses and organ ...

is a major name for both the Bengal region ( Bangladesh and West Bengal) and the

language. The origin of the term Bangla is the Iron Age Vanga Kingdom (Now divided between the Bangladesh and the West Bengal). The ancient term Vangaladesa (Now used as ' Bangladesh') for the Bengal region (Modern day Bangladesh, West Bengal and Tripura) is found in 11th-century South Indian ( Dravidian) records. The word "Bangāl" and "Banglā" became the most common name for the region during the Islamic period. The historian Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak mentions in his Ain-i-Akbari that the addition of the suffix "al" came from the fact that the ancient rajahs of the land raised mounds of earth 10 feet high and 20 in breadth in lowlands at the foot of the hills which were called "al". The Indo-Aryan suffix Desh is derived from the Sanskrit word deśha, which means "land" or "country". Hence, the name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal". Alternatives to the name Bangladesh are: Bangadesh ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গদেশ; lit. ''Bengali Country'') Bongobhumi or Banglabhumi ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গভূমি/ বাংলাভূমি ; lit. ''Bengali Land'') Bangarajya or Banglarajya ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গরাজ্য/ বাংলারাজ্য; lit. ''Bengali Realm'') Bangarashtra or Banglarashtra ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গরাষ্ট্র/ বাংলারাষ্ট্র; lit. ''Bengali State'') *Politics: **East Bengal – The 1947 Partition of Bengal divided the

British Indian British Indians are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots are from India. This includes people born in the UK who are of Indian origin as well as Indians who have migrated to the UK. Today, Indians comprise about 1.4 mil ...

province of Bengal as part of the formal

Partition of India The Partition of British India in 1947 was the Partition (politics), change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in South Asia and the creation of two independent dominions: ...

. East Bengal (now Bangladesh), which was predominantly Muslim, became a province of Pakistan. In 1955, East Bengal became the new province of East Pakistan. In 1971, East Pakistan declared Independence during the Liberation War of Bangladesh and the new nation of Bangladesh was formed. Location-Bangla01

**West Bengal – The Partition of Bengal also created West Bengal, a predominantly Hindu province of India. In 2011, the

Government of West Bengal The Government of West Bengal also known as the West Bengal Government, is the subnational government of the Indian state of West Bengal , created by the National Constitution as the state's legislative, executive and judicial authority. The ...

proposed a change in the official name of the state to ''Paschimbongo'' ( bn, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ ''Pôshchimbônggô''). This is the native name of the state, literally meaning "West Bengal" in the Bengali language. In 2016, West Bengal Legislative Assembly passed a resolution to change the name of West Bengal to ''Bengal'' in English, ''Bangla'' in

and ''Bangal'' in Hindi. Despite the Trinamool Congress government's efforts to forge a consensus, the Congress, the Left Front, and the Bharatiya Janata Party opposed the resolution and it awaits the consent of the Indian Parliament for approval. **

Bangabhumi Bangabhumi ( bn, বঙ্গভূমি, meaning the land of Vanga, also spelt Bongobhumi) also known as Bir Bongo ( bn, বীর বঙ্গ), is a separatist movement to create a Bengali Hindu country for Bangladeshi Hindus in southwestern ...

or Bir Banga – A separatist movement to create a Hindu country in southwestern Bangladesh, envisioned by

Banga Sena Bangabhumi ( bn, বঙ্গভূমি, meaning the land of Vanga, also spelt Bongobhumi) also known as Bir Bongo ( bn, বীর বঙ্গ), is a separatist movement to create a Bengali Hindu country for Bangladeshi Hindus in southwestern ...

. ** Greater Bangladesh – A political theory circulated by a number of politicians, intellectuals and writers that the People's Republic of Bangladesh has aspirations to unite Bengali-speaking regions into a greater historical Bengal. According to the theory this would include the Indian states of West Bengal, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam,

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

, and the Rakhine State (formerly Arakan/Rohang) in Myanmar (formerly Burma) as part of its own territory with democratic governance. **

United Bengal United Bengal was a proposal to transform Bengal Province into an undivided, sovereign state at the time of the Partition of India in 1947. It sought to prevent the division of Bengal on religious grounds. The proposed state was to be called ...

– A proposal that was put forward by

political leaders Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Sarat Chandra Bose to found a united and independent nation-state of Bengal. The proposal was floated as an alternative to the Partition of Bengal on

communal Communal may refer to: *A commune or also intentional community * Communalism (Bookchin) * Communalism (South Asia), the South Asian sectarian ideologies *Relating to an administrative division called comune * Sociality in animals *Community owne ...

lines.

Geographical distinctions

East Bengal

East Bengal ( bn, পূর্ববঙ্গ ''Purbô Bangla'') was the name used during two different periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly corresponded to the modern state of Bangladesh. Both instances involved a violent

partition Partition may refer to: Computing Hardware * Disk partitioning, the division of a hard disk drive * Memory partition, a subdivision of a computer's memory, usually for use by a single job Software * Partition (database), the division of a ...

of Bengal which made one half East Bengal or Bangladesh. Historically, it referred to the fertile

Bhati Bhati is a clan of Rajputs History The Bhatis reportedly originated in Mathura through a common ancestor named Bhati, who was a descendant of Pradyumn. According to the seventeenth-century Nainsi ri Khyat, the Bhatis after losing Mathura ...

region of the Bengal delta, which corresponds to the modern-day Dhaka Division.

North Bengal

North Bengal North Bengal ( bn, উত্তরবঙ্গ/উত্তর বাংলা) is a term used for the north-western part of Bangladesh and northern part of West Bengal. The Bangladesh part denotes the Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. Gen ...

( bn, উত্তরবঙ্গ) is a term used for the north-western part of Bangladesh and northern part of West Bengal. The Bangladesh part includes the Rajshahi Division and

Rangpur Division Rangpur Division ( bn, রংপুর বিভাগ) is one of the Divisions in Bangladesh. It was formed on 25 January 2010, as Bangladesh's 7th division. Before that, it was under Rajshahi Division. The Rangpur division consists of eight di ...

. Generally, it is the area lying west of

Jamuna River The Jamuna River ( bn, যমুনা ''Jomuna'') is one of the three main rivers of Bangladesh. It is the lower stream of the Brahmaputra River, which originates in Tibet as Yarlung Tsangpo, before flowing into India and then southwest into ...

and north of Padma River and includes the Barind Tract. The West Bengal part denotes the

Jalpaiguri Division Jalpaiguri Division is one of the 5 divisions in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the northernmost division of West Bengal. It is surrounded by Nepal on the western side, Bihar on South-Western side, Bhutan on the Northern side and Bangla ...

( Alipurduar, Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur,

South Dinajpur Dakshin Dinajpur () or South Dinajpur is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, India. It was created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile West Dinajpur District. The Headquarter (sadar) of the district is at Balurghat. It ...

and Malda). The Bihar parts include the

Kishanganj district Kishanganj district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Kishanganj town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Kishanganj district is a part of Purnia division (Seemanchal). History Kishanganj district ...

. It also includes parts of Darjeeling Hills. Traditionally, the

Hooghly River The Bhagirathi Hooghly River (Anglicized alternatively spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') or the 'Bhāgirathi-Hooghly', called the Ganga or the Kati-Ganga in mythological texts, is the eastern distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal, Indi ...

divides West Bengal into South and North Bengal, divided again into Terai and Dooars regions.

South Bengal

South Bengal ( bn, দক্ষিণবঙ্গ) is a term used for the southwestern part of Bangladesh and the southern part of West Bengal. The Bangladesh part includes the

Khulna Khulna ( bn, খুলনা, ) is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is the administrative centre of Khulna District and Khulna Division. Khulna's economy is the third-largest in Bangladesh, contributing $53 b ...

, Faridpur, and Barisal Divisions. The Bay of Bengal is located at the end of the southern part of Bangladesh. The West Bengal part includes 12 districts in the southern part of West Bengal; Kolkata,

Howrah Howrah (, , alternatively spelled as Haora) is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River opposite its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively it lies within Howrah district, and is th ...

, Hooghly, Burdwan, East Midnapur,

West Midnapur Paschim Medinipur district or West Midnapore district (also known as Midnapore West) is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the Partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba M ...

Purulia Purulia is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River. Geography Location Purulia is located at . It has an average elev ...

, Bankura, Birbhum, Nadia,

South 24 Parganas South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore. It is the largest district of West Bengal by ...

and

North 24 Parganas North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and f ...

West Bengal

West Bengal ( bn, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ) comprises roughly one-third of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part went to the Dominion of India (and was named West Bengal).

Hilly Bengal

Hilly Bengal (Bengali: পার্বত্যবঙ্গ) is a term used for the southeastern parts of Bangladesh and parts of northern Myanmar. The Bangladesh part consists of Rangamati, Khagrachari and

Bandarban Bandarban ( bn, বান্দরবান, Chakma: 𑄝𑄚𑄴𑄘𑄧𑄢𑄴𑄝𑄚𑄴) is a district in South-Eastern Bangladesh, and a part of the Chittagong Division. It is one of the three hill districts of Bangladesh and a part of ...

, while the Myanmar part consists of 14 districts in the Northern part of Rakhine (Arakan/Rohang): Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Kyaukpyu, Ponnagyan, Rathedaung, Sittwe, Pauktaw, Mrauk-U, Minbya, Myabon, Ann, Kyaukpyu, Rambree and Munaung.

Historical names

Historical names for Bengal include (in chronological order): * Bonga – an Austric word for Sun god * Bang – a Bronze Age proto-Dravidian tribe * Vanga – a seafaring state located in the eastern part of the Indian Subcontinent comprising today's politically divided Bengal region (West Bengal, India and Bangladesh)also mentioned in Sanskrit text Mahabharata. Rajendra map new

*Vangala or Bangala – a name used in early mediaeval period for the

Bengal region Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...

. King Anandadeva of earlier Deva dynasty of eastern Bengal used the title ''Sri Bangala Mriganka'', which means the moon of Bengal. Pala King Dharmapala was mentioned as the king of '' Vangala'' in the Nesari plates (dated 805 AD) of Rashtrakuta dynasty. * Vangaladesa – a term found in South Indian records in the 11th century. * Gauda – a kingdom located in Bengal in ancient and medieval times. The

Pala emperors Pala may refer to: Places Chad *Pala, Chad, the capital of the region of Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Estonia * Pala, Kose Parish, village in Kose Parish, Harju County * Pala, Kuusalu Parish, village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County *Pala, Järva County, vi ...

were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda).

Sena Sena may refer to: Places * Sanandaj or Sena, city in northwestern Iran * Sena (state constituency), represented in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly * Sena, Dashtestan, village in Bushehr Province, Iran * Sena, Huesca, municipality in Huesc ...

kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then ''Gauda'' and ''Vanga'' seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal. Bengal Sultanate

* Bangala or Shahi Bangala – a sovereign state that encompassed present-day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal and the

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

state of Rakhine between the 14th and 16th centuries. It was a

regional power In international relations, since the late 20thcentury, the term "regional power" has been used for a sovereign state that exercises significant power within a given geographical region.Joachim Betz, Ian Taylor"The Rise of (New) Regional Powe ...

and a

melting pot The melting pot is a monocultural metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" with a common culture; an alternative being a homogeneous society becoming more heterogeneous throug ...

of Muslims, Hindus and

Buddhists Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

, located at the crossroads of modern South Asia and Southeast Asia. During the

Bengal Sultanate The Sultanate of Bengal ( Middle Bengali: শাহী বাঙ্গালা ''Shahī Baṅgala'', Classical Persian: ''Saltanat-e-Bangālah'') was an empire based in Bengal for much of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. It was the dominan ...

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah Haji Ilyas, better known as Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah ( bn, শামসুদ্দীন ইলিয়াস শাহ, fa, ), was the founder of the Sultanate of Bengal and its inaugural Ilyas Shahi dynasty which ruled the region for 150 year ...

proclaimed himself the first Shah of Bangala in 1342. ''Bangla'' became the most-common name for the region during the Islamic period. * Bengal Subah or Mughal Bengal – a state of the Mughal Empire encompassing modern Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was established following the dissolution of the

. The Mughals played an important role in developing modern Bengali culture and society. By the 18th century, Mughal Bengal had emerged as a quasi-independent state. * Bengalen or

Dutch Bengal Bengal was a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Mughal Bengal between 1610 until the company's liquidation in 1800. It then became a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1825, when it was relinquished to the British accor ...

– a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Bengal between 1610 and the company's liquidation in 1800. * Bengal Presidency – the largest colonial subdivision ( presidency) of British India, with its seat in Calcutta, the capital of British-held territories in South Asia until 1911. At its territorial peak in the 19th century, the presidency extended from the present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in the west to Burma, Singapore and

Penang Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay ...

in the east. The

Governor of Bengal The Governor was the chief colonial administrator in the Bengal presidency, originally the "Presidency of Fort William" and later "Bengal province". In 1644, Gabriel Boughton procured privileges for the East India Company which permitted them to ...

was concurrently the Viceroy of India for many years. Most of the presidency's territories were eventually incorporated into other British Indian provinces and crown colonies. *:In 1905, the Presidency was partitioned into: *:* Bengal – including present Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha, headquartered in Calcutta *:* Eastern Bengal and Assam – headquartered in

Dacca Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest Bengali-speaking city. It is the eighth largest and sixth most densely populated city i ...

and Shillong (summer capital). *:British India was reorganized in 1912 and the presidency was reunited into a single Bengali-speaking province. The 1947 Partition of British India resulted in Bengal's division on religious grounds, between: *:* West Bengal – to be renamed as Banga Pradesh in par/aligned with other Indian states respectively. *:* East Bengal, renamed East Pakistan in 1955 * Bangladesh – East Bengal, which became a province of Pakistan according to the provisions set forth in the

Mountbatten Plan The Partition of British India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in South Asia and the creation of two independent dominions: India and Pakistan. T ...

, later became the independent country of Bangladesh after the 1971

Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War ( bn, মুক্তিযুদ্ধ, , also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh) was a revolution and War, armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Benga ...

Adjectives

*Bangla – the contents and attributes of the Bengali language or the country of Bangladesh. *Bengali – the contents and attributes of Bengal. *Bangiya ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গীয়) – an adjectival prefix referring to Bengal particularly in the field of literature, e.g.

Bangiya Sahitya Parishad Bangiya Sahitya Parishat is a literary society in Maniktala of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Established during the time of the British Raj, its goal is to promote Bengali literature, both by translating works in other languages to Bengali and ...

Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank (BGVB) is an Indian Regional Rural Bank established as a Gramin bank in terms of provisions of Regional Rural Banks Act 1976. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The Bank operat ...

and Bangiya Janata Dal. Can be synonymous with ''Bengali''. *Bengalese – something of, from, or related to Bengal. *Bangalee ( bn, links=no, বাঙালি/বাঙ্গালী) – until 1978 the Constitution of Bangladesh referred all citizens of Bangladesh as Bangalees, an archaic spelling for ''Bengali''. *

Bangladeshi Bangladeshis ( bn, বাংলাদেশী ) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centered on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay. Bangladeshi citizenship was formed in 1971, when the ...

( bn, links=no, বাংলাদেশি) – from 1978 this was a widely used term to refer to the citizens of Bangladesh. * Bangal ( bn, links=no, বাঙাল;

Hindustani Hindustani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Hindustan (another name of India) * Hindustani language, an Indo-Aryan language, whose two official norms are Hindi and Urdu * Fiji Hindi, a variety of Eastern Hindi spoken in Fiji, and ...

: बंगाल, ) – used informally in India to refer to Hindu Bengalis with family roots associated with East Bengal. ''Bangal'' is also the Hindustani word for Bengal. *Bangabasi ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গবাসী) – peoples of Bengal. *Bangadesiya ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গদেশীয়) – something of, from, or related to Bengal or Bengalis. *Banga-Santan ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গসন্তান) – lit: Son/ child of

Mother Bengal Baṅgamātā ( bn, বঙ্গমাতা), Bangla Maa ( bn, বাংলা মা), Mother Bengal or simply বাংলা/ Bangla, is a personification of Bengal created during the Bengali Renaissance and later adopted by the Bengali n ...

- an adjectival prefix referring to People of Bengal or Bengalis. *Banga-Lalana ( bn, links=no, বঙ্গললনা ) – lit: Daughter of Mother Bengal- an adjectival prefix referring to a girl/lady of Bengal or any Female Bengalis. * Bong- an Indian slang used to refer anyone from West Bengal.

Other names

: গঙ্গাহৃদ/ গঙ্গাঋদ্ধি/ গঙ্গারাষ্ট্র; ''Gangarid'' / '' Gangaridai'' / ''Ganga Rashtra'' – meaning Heart of Ganges / Wealth of Ganges / Nation on the River Ganges *

: গৌড় রাজ্য; ''Gauṛa rajya'' — Gauda Kingdom; meaning ''radiant kingdom'' (from Sanskrit गौड़ ''gauṛa'' "white, radiant, fair, golden", ''rājya'', राज्य "kingdom, state"). Bengal is described in ancient Sanskrit texts as ' Gaud-Desh'. * Arabic: رحمة; ''Rahma'' — meaning Land of Mercy *

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

: (); ()

Sobriquets for Bengal

In traditional Bengali culture, as well as in the Bengali Media, the land of Bengal has assumed a number of sobriquets over the centuries, including: *Sonar Bangla ( bn, links=no, সোনার বাংলা); ''Golden Bengal'' *Rūpasī Bangla ( bn, links=no, রূপসী বাংলা); ''Beautiful Bengal'' *Shayamal Bangla ( bn, links=no, শ্যামল বাংলা); ''Green Bengal'' *Epar Bangla ( bn, links=no, এপার বাংলা); ''Bengal Here'', used by Bengalis for their Native Bengal. *Opar Bangla ( bn, links=no, ওপার বাংলা); ''Bengal There'', used by Bengalis for other part of Bengal. *Bharatiya Bangla ( bn, links=no, ভারতীয় বাংলা); ''Indian Bengal'', used by Bangladeshi media for Indian state of West Bengal. *Padmapar ( bn, links=no, পদ্মাপাড়); ''Bank of River Padma'', used by Indian Bengali media for Republic Bangladesh. *Nadimatrik Desh ( bn, links=no, নদীমাতৃক দেশ); ''Riverine country'' or the ''Country of the River'', used for Bangladesh. *Hazar Nodir Desh ( bn, links=no, হাজার নদীর দেশ ); the ''Country of the Thousand Rivers'', used for Bengal. * Chhay Ritur Desh ( bn, links=no, ছয় ঋতুর দেশ); the ''Country of the Six Seasons'', used for Bangladesh.

References

{{Asia topic, Name of History of Bengal Bangladesh Bengal