This is a list of important publications in

statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of ...

, organized by field. Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important: *Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic *Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly *Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of statistics.

Probability

;''

Théorie analytique des probabilités Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized ...

'' :Author:

Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized ...

:Publication data: 1820 (3rd ed.) :Online version:''
Internet ArchiveCNRS
with more accurate character recognition
Gallica-Math
complete PDF and PDFs by section :Description: Introduced the

Laplace transform In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace (), is an integral transform In mathematics, an integral transform maps a function from its original function space into another function space via integra ...

exponential families In probability and statistics, an exponential family is a parametric set of probability distributions of a certain form, specified below. This special form is chosen for mathematical convenience, including the enabling of the user to calculate ...

, and

conjugate prior In Bayesian probability theory, if the posterior distribution p(\theta \mid x) is in the same probability distribution family as the prior probability distribution p(\theta), the prior and posterior are then called conjugate distributions, and th ...

s in

Bayesian statistics Bayesian statistics is a theory in the field of statistics based on the Bayesian interpretation of probability where probability expresses a ''degree of belief'' in an event. The degree of belief may be based on prior knowledge about the event, ...

. Pioneering asymptotic statistics, proved an early version of the

Bernstein–von Mises theorem In Bayesian inference, the Bernstein-von Mises theorem provides the basis for using Bayesian credible sets for confidence statements in parametric models. It states that under some conditions, a posterior distribution converges in the limit of in ...

on the irrelevance of the (regular)

prior distribution In Bayesian statistical inference, a prior probability distribution, often simply called the prior, of an uncertain quantity is the probability distribution that would express one's beliefs about this quantity before some evidence is taken int ...

on the limiting posterior distribution, highlighting the asymptotic role of the

Fisher information In mathematical statistics, the Fisher information (sometimes simply called information) is a way of measuring the amount of information that an observable random variable ''X'' carries about an unknown parameter ''θ'' of a distribution that model ...

. Studies the influence of

median In statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as "the middle" value. The basic fe ...

and

skewness In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive, zero, negative, or undefined. For a unimodal d ...

regression analysis In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one ...

. Inspired the field of

robust regression In robust statistics, robust regression seeks to overcome some limitations of traditional regression analysis. A regression analysis models the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable. Standard types of reg ...

, proposed the

Laplace distribution In probability theory and statistics, the Laplace distribution is a continuous probability distribution named after Pierre-Simon Laplace. It is also sometimes called the double exponential distribution, because it can be thought of as two exponen ...

and was the first to provide alternatives to

Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; german: Gauß ; la, Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. Sometimes refer ...

's work on statistics. :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence

Mathematical statistics

''Mathematical Methods of Statistics'' :Author:

Harald Cramér Harald Cramér (; 25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory. John Kingman described him as "one of the giants of statist ...

:Publication data: Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 9. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1946. xvi+575 pp. (A first version was published by Almqvist & Wiksell in

Uppsala Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inha ...

, Sweden, but had little circulation because of World War II.) :Description: Carefully written and extensive account of measure-theoretic

probability Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an Event (probability theory), event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and ...

for statisticians, along with careful mathematical treatment of classical statistics. :Importance: Made measure-theoretic probability the standard language for advanced statistics in the English-speaking world, following its earlier adoption in France and the USSR. ''Statistical Decision Functions'' :Author:

Abraham Wald Abraham Wald (; hu, Wald Ábrahám, yi, אברהם וואַלד; – ) was a Jewish Hungarian mathematician who contributed to decision theory, geometry, and econometrics and founded the field of statistical sequential analysis. One of ...

:Publication data: 1950. John Wiley & Sons. :Description: Exposition of

statistical decision theory Decision theory (or the theory of choice; not to be confused with choice theory) is a branch of applied probability theory concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical ...

as a foundations of statistics. Included earlier results of Wald on

sequential analysis In statistics, sequential analysis or sequential hypothesis testing is statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance. Instead data are evaluated as they are collected, and further sampling is stopped in accordance with a pre- ...

and the

sequential probability ratio test The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is a specific sequential hypothesis test, developed by Abraham Wald and later proven to be optimal by Wald and Jacob Wolfowitz. Neyman and Pearson's 1933 result inspired Wald to reformulate it as a seq ...

and on Wald's complete class theorem characterizing

admissible decision rules In statistical decision theory, an admissible decision rule is a rule for making a decision such that there is no other rule that is always "better" than it (or at least sometimes better and never worse), in the precise sense of "better" defined ...

as limits of Bayesian procedures. :Importance: Raised the mathematical status of statistical theory and attracted mathematical statisticians like

John von Neumann John von Neumann (; hu, Neumann János Lajos, ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath. He was regarded as having perhaps the widest cove ...

Aryeh Dvoretzky Aryeh (Arie) Dvoretzky ( he, אריה דבורצקי, russian: Арье Дворецкий; May 3, 1916 – May 8, 2008) was a Russian-born Israeli mathematician, the winner of the 1973 Israel Prize in Mathematics. He is best known for his w ...

Jacob Wolfowitz Jacob Wolfowitz (March 19, 1910 – July 16, 1981) was a Polish-born American Jewish statistician and Shannon Award-winning information theorist. He was the father of former United States Deputy Secretary of Defense and World Bank Group President ...

, Jack C. Kiefer, and

David Blackwell David Harold Blackwell (April 24, 1919 – July 8, 2010) was an American statistician and mathematician who made significant contributions to game theory, probability theory, information theory, and statistics. He is one of the eponyms of the ...

, providing greater ties with

economic theory Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...

and

operations research Operations research ( en-GB, operational research) (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve deci ...

. Spurred further work on

decision theory Decision theory (or the theory of choice; not to be confused with choice theory) is a branch of applied probability theory concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical ...

. ''Testing Statistical Hypotheses'' :Author:

Erich Leo Lehmann Erich Leo Lehmann (20 November 1917 – 12 September 2009) was a German-born American statistician, who made a major contribution to nonparametric hypothesis testing. He is one of the eponyms of the Lehmann–Scheffé theorem and of the Hodges– ...

:Publication data: 1959. John Wiley & Sons. :Description: Exposition of

statistical hypothesis testing A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data at hand sufficiently support a particular hypothesis. Hypothesis testing allows us to make probabilistic statements about population parameters. ...

using the

, with some use of measure-theoretic probability. :Importance: Made Wald's ideas accessible. Collected and organized many results of statistical theory that were scattered throughout journal articles, civilizing statistics.

Bayesian statistics

An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances ''An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances'' is a work on the mathematical theory of probability by Thomas Bayes, published in 1763, two years after its author's death, and containing multiple amendments and additions due to hi ...

'' :Author:

Thomas Bayes Thomas Bayes ( ; 1701 7 April 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his ...

:Publication data: 1763-12-23 :Online version: :Description: In this paper Bayes addresses the problem of using a sequence of identical "trials" to determine the per-trial

of "success" – the so-called ''

inverse probability In probability theory, inverse probability is an obsolete term for the probability distribution of an unobserved variable. Today, the problem of determining an unobserved variable (by whatever method) is called inferential statistics, the method o ...

'' problem. It later inspired the theorem that bears his name (

Bayes' theorem In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. For examp ...

). See also

Pierre Simon de Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized ...

. :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''On Small Differences in Sensation'' :Author:

Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( ; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". Educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for t ...

and

Joseph Jastrow Joseph Jastrow (January 30, 1863 – January 8, 1944) was a Polish-born American psychologist, noted for inventions in experimental psychology, design of experiments, and psychophysics. He also worked on the phenomena of optical illusions, ...

:Publication data: :Online version: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm :Description: Peirce and Jastrow use

logistic regression In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the probability of an event taking place by having the log-odds for the event be a linear function (calculus), linear combination of one or more independent var ...

to estimate

subjective probabilities Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification o ...

of subjects's judgments of the heavier of two measurements, following a randomized controlled

repeated measures design Repeated measures design is a research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. For instance, repeated measurements are c ...

. :Importance: Pioneered elicitation of subjective probabilities. ''Truth and Probability'' :Author:

Frank P. Ramsey Frank Plumpton Ramsey (; 22 February 1903 – 19 January 1930) was a British people, British philosopher, mathematician, and economist who made major contributions to all three fields before his death at the age of 26. He was a close friend of L ...

:Publication data: * Ramsey, Frank Plumpton; "Truth and Probability"
PDF
, Chapter VII in ''The Foundations of Mathematics and other Logical Essays'' (1931). :Online version: https://web.archive.org/web/20080227205205/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het//texts/ramsey/ramsess.pdf :Description: Ramsey proposes elucidating a person's

subjective probability Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification o ...

for a

proposition In logic and linguistics, a proposition is the meaning of a declarative sentence. In philosophy, " meaning" is understood to be a non-linguistic entity which is shared by all sentences with the same meaning. Equivalently, a proposition is the no ...

using a sequence of bets. Ramsey described his work as an elaboration of some pragmatic ideas of

C. S. Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( ; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". Educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for t ...

, which were expressed in "How to Make Our Ideas Clear". :Importance: Popularized the "Ramsey test" for eliciting subjective probabilities. ''Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis '' :Author:

George E. P. Box George Edward Pelham Box (18 October 1919 – 28 March 2013) was a British statistician, who worked in the areas of quality control, time-series analysis, design of experiments, and Bayesian inference. He has been called "one of the gre ...

and George C. Tiao :Publication data: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1973. Reprinted 1992: Wiley :Description The first complete analysis of Bayesian Inference for many statistical problems. :Importance: Includes a large body of research on Bayesian analysis for outlier problems, variance components, linear models and multivariate statistics. ''Theory of Probability'' :Author:

Bruno de Finetti Bruno de Finetti (13 June 1906 – 20 July 1985) was an Italian probabilist statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability. The classic exposition of his distinctive theory is the 1937 "La prévision: ...

:Publication data: Two volumes, A.F.M. Smith and A. Machi (trs.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1974, 1975. :Description The first detailed statement of the operational subjective position, dating from the author's research in the 1920s and 30s. :Importance: Emphasizes exchangeable random variables which are often mixtures of independent random variables. Argues for ''finitely additive'' probability measures that need ''not'' be ''countably additive''. Emphasizes expectations rather than probability measures. ''Introduction to statistical decision theory'' :Author:

John W. Pratt John Winsor Pratt (born 1931) is Emeritus William Ziegler (industrialist), William Ziegler professor business administration at Harvard University. His former education was conducted at Princeton University, Princeton and Stanford University, Stan ...

Howard Raiffa Howard Raiffa (; January 24, 1924 – July 8, 2016) was an American academic who was the Frank P. Ramsey Professor (Emeritus) of Managerial Economics, a joint chair held by the Business School and Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. He w ...

, and

Robert Schlaifer Robert Osher Schlaifer (13 September 1914 – 24 July 1994) was a pioneer of Bayesian decision theory. At the time of his death he was William Ziegler Professor of Business Administration Emeritus of the Harvard Business School. In 1961 he was ...

:Publication data: preliminary edition, 1965. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995. :Description Extensive exposition of statistical decision theory, statistics, and decision analysis from a Bayesian standpoint. Many examples and problems come from business and economics. :Importance: Greatly extended the scope of applied Bayesian statistics by using

s for

. Extensive treatment of sequential decision making, for example mining decisions. For many years, it was required for all doctoral students at

Harvard Business School Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It is consistently ranked among the top business schools in the world and offers a large full-time MBA p ...

Multivariate analysis

''An Introduction to Multivariate Analysis'' :Authors: Theodore W. Anderson :Publication data: 1958, John Wiley :Description: :Importance: This textbook educated a generation of theoretists and applied statisticians, emphasizing

hypothesis testing A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data at hand sufficiently support a particular hypothesis. Hypothesis testing allows us to make probabilistic statements about population parameters. ...

via

likelihood ratio test In statistics, the likelihood-ratio test assesses the goodness of fit of two competing statistical models based on the ratio of their likelihoods, specifically one found by maximization over the entire parameter space and another found after im ...

s and the properties of power functions: Admissiblity,

unbiasedness In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. An estimator or decision rule with zero bias is called ''unbiased''. In stat ...

and

monotonicity In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order ...

Time series

''Time Series Analysis Forecasting and Control'' :Authors: George E.P. Box and

Gwilym M. Jenkins Gwilym Meirion Jenkins (12 August 1932 – 10 July 1982) was a UK, British statistician and systems engineer, born in Gowerton ( cy, Tregŵyr), Swansea, Wales. He is most notable for his pioneering work with George EP Box, George Box on autoregr ...

:Publication data: Holden-Day, 1970 :Description: Systematic approach to ARIMA and ARMAX modelling :Importance: This book introduces ARIMA and associated input-output models, studies how to fit them and develops a methodology for time series forecasting and control. It has changed econometrics, process control and forecasting.

Applied statistics

Statistical Methods for Research Workers ''Statistical Methods for Research Workers'' is a classic book on statistics, written by the statistician R. A. Fisher. It is considered by some to be one of the 20th century's most influential books on statistical methods, together with his ''The ...

'' :Author:

R.A. Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. For his work in statistics, he has been described as "a genius who a ...

:Publication data: Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1925 (1st edition); London: Macmillan, 1970 (15th edition) :Online version: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Fisher/Methods/ :Description: The original manual for researchers, especially biologists, on how to statistically evaluate numerical data. :Importance: Hugely influential text by the father of modern statistics that remained in print for more than 50 years. Responsible for the widespread use of tests of

statistical significance In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis (simply by chance alone). More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by \alpha, is the p ...

. ''Statistical Methods'' :Author:

George W. Snedecor George Waddel Snedecor (October 20, 1881 – February 15, 1974) was an American mathematician and statistician. He contributed to the foundations of analysis of variance, data analysis, experimental design, and statistical methodology. Snedecor ...

:Publication data: 1937, Collegiate Press :Description: One of the first comprehensive texts on statistical methods. Reissued as ''Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology'' in 1940 and then again as ''Statistical Methods'' with Cochran, WG in 1967. A classic text. :Importance: Influence ''Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Sciences.'' :Authors: Steel, R.G.D, and Torrie, J. H. :Publication data: McGraw Hill (1960) 481 pages :Description: Excellent introductory text for analysis of variance (one-way, multi-way, factorial, split-plot, and unbalanced designs). Also analysis of co-variance, multiple and partial regression and correlation, non-linear regression, and non-parametric analyses. This book was written before computer programmes were available, so it gives the detail needed to make the calculations manually.Cited in more than 1,381 publications between 1961 and 1975. :Importance: Influence ''Biometry: The Principles and Practices of Statistics in Biological Research '' :Authors:

Robert R. Sokal Robert Reuven Sokal (January 13, 1926 in Vienna, Austria – April 9, 2012 in Stony Brook, New York) was an Austrian-American biostatistician and entomologist. Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the Stony Brook University, Sokal was a member ...

; F. J. Rohlf :Publication data: 1st ed. W. H. Freemann (1969),; 2nd ed. W. H. Freemann (1981); 3rd ed. Freeman & Co. (1994) :Description: Key textbook on

Biometry Biostatistics (also known as biometry) are the development and application of statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experime ...

: the application of statistical methods for descriptive, experimental, and analytical study of biological phenomena. :Importance Cited in more than 7,000 publications.

Statistical learning theory

''On the uniform convergence of relative frequencies of events to their probabilities'' :Authors: V. Vapnik, A. Chervonenkis :Publication data: ''Theory of Probability and Its Applications'', 16(2):264–280, 1971 :Description:

Computational learning theory In computer science, computational learning theory (or just learning theory) is a subfield of artificial intelligence devoted to studying the design and analysis of machine learning algorithms. Overview Theoretical results in machine learning m ...

VC theory VC may refer to: Military decorations * Victoria Cross, a military decoration awarded by the United Kingdom and also by certain Commonwealth nations ** Victoria Cross for Australia ** Victoria Cross (Canada) ** Victoria Cross for New Zealand * Vic ...

, statistical uniform convergence and the

VC dimension VC may refer to: Military decorations * Victoria Cross, a military decoration awarded by the United Kingdom and also by certain Commonwealth nations ** Victoria Cross for Australia ** Victoria Cross (Canada) ** Victoria Cross for New Zealand * Vic ...

. :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence

Variance component estimation

On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics
' :Author: Fisher, RA :Publication data: 1922, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, volume 222, pages 309–368 :Description: First comprehensive treatise of estimation by maximum likelihood. :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Estimation of variance and covariance components'' :Author: Henderson, CR :Publication data: 1953,

Biometrics Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics. Biometric authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify in ...

, volume 9, pages 226–252 :Description: First description of three methods of estimation of variance components in mixed linear models for unbalanced data. "One of the most frequently cited papers in the scientific literature." :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Maximum-likelihood estimation for the mixed analysis of variance model'' :Author: H. O. Hartley and J. N. K. Rao :Publication data: 1967,

Biometrika ''Biometrika'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for thBiometrika Trust The editor-in-chief is Paul Fearnhead (Lancaster University). The principal focus of this journal is theoretical statistics. It was es ...

, volume 54, pages 93-108 :Description: First description of maximum likelihood methods for variance component estimation in mixed models :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal'' :Author: Patterson, HD; Thompson, R :Publication data: 1971,

, volume 58, pages 545-554 :Description: First description of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Estimation of Variance and Covariance Components in Linear Models'' :Author: Rao, CR :Publication data: 1972,

Journal of the American Statistical Association The ''Journal of the American Statistical Association (JASA)'' is the primary journal published by the American Statistical Association, the main professional body for statisticians in the United States. It is published four times a year in March, ...

, volume 67, pages. 112–115 :Description: First description of Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MIVQUE) and Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MINQUE) for unbalanced data :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence

Survival analysis

''Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations'' :Author: Kaplan, EL and Meier, P :Publication data: 1958,

, volume 53, pages 457–481. :Description: First description of the now ubiquitous Kaplan-Meier estimator of survival functions from data with censored observations :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily singly-censored samples'' :Author: Gehan, EA :Publication data: 1965,

, volume 52, pages 203–223. :Description: First presentation of the extension of the

Wilcoxon rank-sum test Wilcoxon is a surname, and may refer to: * Charles Wilcoxon, drum educator * Henry Wilcoxon, an actor * Frank Wilcoxon, chemist and statistician, inventor of two non-parametric tests for statistical significance: ** The Wilcoxon signed-rank test (al ...

to censored data :Importance: Influence ''Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration'' :Author: Mantel, N :Publication data: 1966,

Cancer Chemotherapy Reports Cancer is a group of diseases involving Cell growth#Disorders, abnormal cell growth with the potential to Invasion (cancer), invade or Metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Poss ...

, volume 50, pages 163–170. :Description: Development of the

logrank test The logrank test, or log-rank test, is a hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples. It is a nonparametric test and appropriate to use when the data are right skewed and censored (technically, the censoring must be non-in ...

for censored survival data. :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Regression Models and Life Tables'' :Author: Cox, DR :Publication data: 1972,

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society The ''Journal of the Royal Statistical Society'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of statistics. It comprises three series and is published by Wiley for the Royal Statistical Society. History The Statistical Society of London was founded ...

, Series B, volume 34, pages 187–220. :Description: Seminal paper introducing semi-parametric

proportional hazards models Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics. Survival models relate the time that passes, before some event occurs, to one or more covariates that may be associated with that quantity of time. In a proportional hazar ...

(

Cox model Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics. Survival models relate the time that passes, before some event occurs, to one or more covariates that may be associated with that quantity of time. In a proportional haza ...

s) for survival data :Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data'' :Author: Kalbfleisch, JD and Prentice, RL :Publication data: 1980,

John Wiley & Sons John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American multinational publishing company founded in 1807 that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company produces books, journals, and encyclopedias, in p ...

, New York :Description: First comprehensive text covering the methods of estimation and inference for time to event analyses :Importance: Influence

Meta analysis

''Report on Certain Enteric Fever Inoculation Statistics'' :Author: Pearson, K :Publication data: 1904,

British Medical Journal ''The BMJ'' is a weekly peer-reviewed medical trade journal, published by the trade union the British Medical Association (BMA). ''The BMJ'' has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Origi ...

, volume 2, pages 1243-1246 :Description: Generally considered to be the first synthesis of results from separate studies, although no formal statistical methods for combining results are presented. :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''The Probability Integral Transformation for Testing Goodness of Fit and Combining Independent Tests of Significance'' :Author: Pearson, ES :Publication data: 1938

, volume 30, pages 134-148 :Description: One of the first published methods for formally combining results from different experiments :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Combining Independent Tests of Significance'' :Author: Fisher, RA :Publication data: 1948,

The American Statistician ''The American Statistician'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering statistics published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the American Statistical Association. It was established in 1947. The editor-in-chief is Daniel R. Jeske, ...

, volume 2, page 30 :Description: One of the first published methods for formally combining results from different experiments :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''The combination of estimates from different experiments'' :Author: Cochran, WG :Publication data: 1954,

, volume 10, page 101–129 :Description: A comprehensive treatment of the various methods for formally combining results from different experiments :Importance: Breakthrough, Influence

Experimental design

''On Small Differences in Sensation'' :Author:

and

:Publication data: :Online version: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm :Description: Peirce and Jastrow use

to estimate

of subjects's judgments of the heavier of two measurements, following a randomized controlled

. :Importance: The first randomized experiment, which also used blinding; it seems also to have been the first experiment for estimating subjective probabilities. ''

The Design of Experiments ''The Design of Experiments'' is a 1935 book by the English statistician Ronald Fisher about the design of experiments and is considered a foundational work in experimental design. Among other contributions, the book introduced the concept of the ...

'' :Author: Fisher, RA :Publication data: 1935, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh :Description: The first textbook on experimental design :Importance: Influence ''The Design and Analysis of Experiments'' :Author:

Oscar Kempthorne Oscar Kempthorne (January 31, 1919 – November 15, 2000) was a British statistician and geneticist known for his research on randomization-analysis and the design of experiments, which had wide influence on research in agriculture, genetics, and ...

:Publication data: 1950,

, New York (Reprinted with corrections in 1979 by Robert E. Krieger) :Description: Early exposition of the general linear model using matrix algebra (following lecture notes of George W. Brown). Bases inference on the randomization distribution objectively defined by the experimental protocol, rather than a so-called "statistical model" expressing the subjective beliefs of a statistician: The normal model is regarded as a convenient approximation to the randomization-distribution, whose quality is assessed by theorems about moments and simulation experiments. :Importance: The first and most extensive discussion of randomation-based inference in the field of design of experiments until the recent 2-volume work by Hinkelmann and Kempthorne; randomization-based inference is called "design-based" inference in survey sampling of finite populations. Introduced the ''treatment-unit additivity'' hypothesis, which was discussed in chapter 2 of David R. Cox's book on experiments (1958) and which has influenced Donald Rubin and Paul Rosenbaum's analysis of observational data. ''On the Experimental Attainment of Optimum Conditions (with discussion)'' :Author:

and K. B. Wilson. :Publication data: (1951) ''

'' Series B 13(1):1–45. :Description: Introduced Box-Wilson

central composite design In statistics, a central composite design is an experimental design, useful in response surface methodology, for building a second order (quadratic) model for the response variable without needing to use a complete three-level factorial experiment. ...

for fitting a quadratic polynomial in several variables to experimental data, when an initial affine model had failed to yield a direction of ascent. The design and analysis is motivated by a problem in chemical engineering. :Importance: Introduced

response surface methodology In statistics, response surface methodology (RSM) explores the relationships between several explanatory variables and one or more response variables. The method was introduced by George E. P. Box and K. B. Wilson in 1951. The main idea of RSM ...

for approximating local optima of systems with noisy observations of responses.

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Important Publications in Statistics

Publications To publish is to make content available to the general public.Berne Conve ...

Statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of ...

Statistics publications