List of military operations
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This is a list of missions, operations, and projects. Missions in support of other missions are not listed independently.


World War I

''See also List of military engagements of World War I'' *''
Albion Albion is an alternative name for Great Britain. The oldest attestation of the toponym comes from the Greek language. It is sometimes used poetically and generally to refer to the island, but is less common than 'Britain' today. The name for Scot ...
'' (1917) — German capture of Oesel, Dagö and Moon Islands (now
Saaremaa Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring . The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and west of Muhu island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago. The capital of the island i ...
,
Hiiumaa Hiiumaa (, ) is the second largest island in Estonia and is part of the West Estonian archipelago, in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 989 km2 and is 22 km from the Estonian mainland. Its largest town is Kärdla. It is located within H ...
and
Muhu Muhu (also called Muhumaa in Estonian), is an island in the West Estonian archipelago of the Baltic Sea. With an area of it is the third largest island belonging to Estonia, after Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Together with neighbouring smaller isl ...
). *''
Hush Hush may refer to: Film and television * ''Hush'' (1921 film), starring Clara Kimball Young * ''Hush'' (1998 film), starring Gwyneth Paltrow * ''Hush!'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film directed by Ryosuke Hashiguchi * ''Hush'' (2005 film), starring ...
'' (1917) — Planned Allied amphibious landing on the Belgian coast. *'' Kaiserschlacht'' ('Kaiser's battle') (1918) — German Spring offensive using armies released from the Eastern Front composed of 4 offensives: **'' Blücher-Yorck'' (1918) **'' Gneisenau'' (1918) **''
Georgette Georgette is a feminine given name, the French form of (''Geōrgia''), the feminine form of George. Georgette may refer to: People * Georgette Barry (1919–2003), stage name Andrea King, American actress * Georgette Bauerdorf (1924–1944), Ame ...
'' (1918) **''
Michael Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name "Michael" * Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
'' (1918) *'' Strafexpedition'' (''
Punitive Expedition A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavio ...
'') (1916) — operation by the
Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint arm ...
against Italy (Italian northern front): the largest mountain battle ever fought. *'' Z-O'' (1918) — British raid on Zeebrugge.


World War II

''See
List of World War II military operations A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
''


Cold War Era


Asia

*'' Pig Bristle'' (1946) — Unusual Australian operation to fly pig bristles needed to manufacture paint brushes out of
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
during the
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...
*''
Ajax Ajax may refer to: Greek mythology and tragedy * Ajax the Great, a Greek mythological hero, son of King Telamon and Periboea * Ajax the Lesser, a Greek mythological hero, son of Oileus, the king of Locris * ''Ajax'' (play), by the ancient Greek ...
'' (1953) — Anglo-American plan for Iranian coup d'état that deposed
Mohammed Mosaddeq Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 1950 Iranian legislative election ...
and reinstalled
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , title = Shahanshah Aryamehr Bozorg Arteshtaran , image = File:Shah_fullsize.jpg , caption = Shah in 1973 , succession = Shah of Iran , reign = 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979 , coronation = 26 October ...
*''
Operation Desert Hawk Operation Desert Hawk was the codename of a military operation planned and executed by the Pakistan Army in the Rann of Kutch area, the disputed area which was under Indian control from the long-standing status quo. The boundary of Rann of Kutc ...
''(1965) — Pakistani Military operation in the disputed Rann of kutch area against Indian intruders. *''
Atilla Attila (, ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans, and Bulgars, among others, in Central and ...
'' (1974) —
Turkish invasion of Cyprus The Turkish invasion of Cyprus began on 20 July 1974 and progressed in two phases over the following month. Taking place upon a background of Cypriot intercommunal violence, intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots, Greek and Turkish ...
, leading to subsequent
occupation Occupation commonly refers to: *Occupation (human activity), or job, one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment *Occupation (protest), political demonstration by holding public or symbolic spaces *Military occupation, th ...
of
northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus ( tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs), officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC; tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, ''KKTC''), is a ''de facto'' state that comprises the northeastern portion of the Geography of Cyprus, isl ...
*''
Operation Seroja The Indonesian invasion of East Timor, known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus ( id, Operasi Seroja), began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian military (ABRI/TNI) invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-colonialism and anti-communism to o ...
'' (1975) —
Indonesian invasion of East Timor The Indonesian invasion of East Timor, known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus ( id, Operasi Seroja), began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Indonesian military (ABRI/TNI) invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-c ...
, the largest
Military Operation A military operation is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may ...
conducted by
Indonesian military , founded = as the ('People's Security Forces') , current_form = , disbanded = , branches = , headquarters = Cilangkap, Jakarta , website = , commander-in-chief = Joko Widodo ...
, leading to subsequent Integration of East Timor to Indonesia until 1999 *''
Cactus A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...
'' (1988) — Indian armed forces oust
Tamil nationalist Tamil nationalism is the ideology which asserts that the Tamil people constitute a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Tamil people. Tamil nationalism is primarily a secular nationalism, that focus on language and homeland. It expresses ...
mercenaries A mercenary, sometimes also known as a soldier of fortune or hired gun, is a private individual, particularly a soldier, that joins a military conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any o ...
of
PLOTE The People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) is a former Tamil militant group that had become a pro-government paramilitary group and political party. PLOTE's political wing is known as the Democratic People's Liberation Front. Ori ...
who instigated a coup in
Malé Malé (, ; dv, މާލެ) is the capital and most populous city of the Maldives. With a population of 252,768 and an area of , it is also one of the most densely populated cities in the world. The city is geographically located at the southern ...
in the
Maldives Maldives (, ; dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, translit=Dhivehi Raajje, ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, translit=Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, label=none, ), is an archipelag ...
. *''
Operation Chengiz Khan Operation Chengiz Khan was the code name assigned to the preemptive strikes carried out by the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) on the forward airbases and radar installations of the Indian Air Force (IAF) on the evening of 3 December 1971, and marke ...
'' (1971) —
Pakistan Air Force , "Be it deserts or seas; all lie under our wings" (traditional) , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = ...
launches
preemptive attack A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war ''shortly before'' that attack materializes. It ...
s on Indian
air base An air base (sometimes referred to as a military air base, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base) is an aerodrome used as a military base by a military force for the operation ...
s. *''
Claret Bordeaux wine ( oc, vin de Bordèu, french: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the ...
'' (1964) — British
SAS SAS or Sas may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''SAS'' (novel series), a French book series by Gérard de Villiers * ''Shimmer and Shine'', an American animated children's television series * Southern All Stars, a Japanese rock ba ...
,
NZSAS The 1st New Zealand Special Air Service Regiment, abbreviated as 1 NZSAS Regt, was formed on 7 July 1955 and is the Special forces unit of the New Zealand Army, closely modelled on the British Special Air Service (SAS). It traces its origins to ...
and Australian
SASR The Special Air Service Regiment, officially abbreviated SASR though commonly known as the SAS, is a special forces unit of the Australian Army. Formed in 1957, it was modelled on the Special Air Service, British SAS sharing the motto, "Who ...
patrols into
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
**''
Jock Scott Jock Scott (6 October 1887 – 14 January 1967) was a Scotland international rugby union player who played at the Flanker position. Rugby Union career Amateur career Scott played for Edinburgh Academicals. Provincial career Scott was capp ...
'' (1952) — British rounding up of suspected insurgents at the beginning of the
Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the ''Mau Mau'', an ...
**''
Anvil An anvil is a metalworking tool consisting of a large block of metal (usually forged or cast steel), with a flattened top surface, upon which another object is struck (or "worked"). Anvils are as massive as practical, because the higher th ...
'' (1954) — British
counter-insurgency Counterinsurgency (COIN) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionar ...
operation in Nairobi during the Mau Mau Uprising *''
Eagle Claw Eagle Claw (; pinyin: yīng zhǎo pài; ''eagle claw school'') is a style of Chinese martial arts known for its gripping techniques, system of joint locks, takedowns, and pressure point strikes, which is representative of Chinese grappling kn ...
'' (1980) — Attempted rescue of American hostages held in
Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
. *'' Earnest Will'' (1987–88) — American protection of Kuwaiti oil tankers in the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
during the
Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council ...
**'' Eager Glacier'' (1987–88) — U.S. spy planes gather intelligence about
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. **'' Nimble Archer'' (1987) — U.S. retaliates for Iranian missile attack on reflagged Kuwaiti tanker. **''
Praying Mantis Mantises are an order (Mantodea) of insects that contains over 2,400 species in about 460 genera in 33 families. The largest family is the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. They ha ...
'' (1988) — U.S. retaliates against Iran for mining
frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...
. **'' Prime Chance'' (1987–88) — Special operations to protect Kuwaiti tankers, run largely from barges in the northern
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
. *'' Evening Light'' (1980) — failed U.S. attempt to rescue embassy hostages in
Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
*''
Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...
'' (1965) *''
Grand Slam Grand Slam most often refers to: * Grand Slam (tennis), one player or pair winning all four major annual tournaments, or the tournaments themselves Grand Slam or Grand slam may also refer to: Games and sports * Grand slam, winning category te ...
'' (1965) *'' Lucky Alphonse'' (1956) — British sweep of Troodos area on Cyprus for
EOKA The Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA; ; el, Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, lit=National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot Greek Cypriots or Cypriot Greeks ( el, Ελληνο ...
*'' Meghdoot'' (1984) —
Indian military The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of India. It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.—— Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by th ...
's capture of the majority of
Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about , just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends. At long, it is the longest glacier in the Kar ...
. *''
Nimrod Nimrod (; ; arc, ܢܡܪܘܕ; ar, نُمْرُود, Numrūd) is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles. The son of Cush and therefore a great-grandson of Noah, Nimrod was described as a king in the land of ...
'' (1980) — rescue of hostages in the Iranian embassy,
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
*''
Paul Bunyan Paul Bunyan is a giant lumberjack and folk hero in American and Canadian folklore. His exploits revolve around the tall tales of his superhuman labors, and he is customarily accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox. The character originated in the or ...
'' (1976) — UN forces remove a tree in the
Korean Demilitarized Zone The Korean Demilitarized Zone (Korean: ; Hanbando Bimujang Jidae) is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula near the 38th parallel north. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier that divides the peninsula roughly in ha ...
* Sparrowhawk I, II and III (1956) — British operations against
EOKA The Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA; ; el, Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, lit=National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot Greek Cypriots or Cypriot Greeks ( el, Ελληνο ...
on
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
. *''
Team Spirit Team Spirit was a joint military training exercise of United States Forces Korea and the Military of South Korea held between 1974 and 1993. The exercise was also scheduled from 1994 to 1996 but cancelled during this time period as part of diploma ...
'' (1976–1993) — Annual joint exercise with South Korean forces. *''
Dwarka Dwarka () is a city and a municipality of Devbhumi Dwarka district in the state of Gujarat in Western India. It is located on the western shore of the Okhamandal Peninsula on the right bank of the Gomti river at the mouth of the Gulf of Kut ...
'' (1965) —
Pakistan Navy ur, ہمارے لیے اللّٰہ کافی ہے اور وہ بہترین کارساز ہے۔ English language, English: Allah is Sufficient for us - and what an excellent (reliable) Trustee (of affairs) is He!(''Quran, Qur'an, Al Imran, 3:173' ...
's attack on the Indian coastal town of
Dwarka Dwarka () is a city and a municipality of Devbhumi Dwarka district in the state of Gujarat in Western India. It is located on the western shore of the Okhamandal Peninsula on the right bank of the Gomti river at the mouth of the Gulf of Kut ...
on 7 September 1965. This was the first use of a Navy in the Indo-Pakistan Wars. *''
Trident A trident is a three- pronged spear. It is used for spear fishing and historically as a polearm. The trident is the weapon of Poseidon, or Neptune, the God of the Sea in classical mythology. The trident may occasionally be held by other marine ...
'' (1971) —
Indian Navy The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates sig ...
's bombing and blockade of
Karachi Port The Port of Karachi ( ur, , ''Bandar gāh Karāchī'') is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum) located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is located on the Karac ...
, Pakistan. *'' Storm-333'' (1979) — Storming Afghan Political and military headquarters *'' Grand Junction'' (1968) —
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
's TET 1968 attempt to attack US assets in Seoul.


Europe

*
Berlin Airlift The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road ...
of 1948: **'' Vittles'' — US part of the Berlin Airlift **
Planefare
' — British part of the Berlin Airlift. *''
Gladio Operation Gladio is the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union (WU), and subsequently by NATO and the CIA, in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during ...
'' (?) — Stockpiles of weapons in Italy, Switzerland, Austria and other countries for resistance to Soviet occupiers. *''
Gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile met ...
'' (1954) — covert American tunnel under the
Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (german: Berliner Mauer, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and East Germany (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government ...
*''
Neptune Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and the farthest known planet in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 times ...
'' (1964) — Soviet-led counterintelligence operation. *'' Reforger'' — Annual American exercise to "return forces to Germany". *''
Retail Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and t ...
'' (1946) — British clearance of naval mines laid in Albanian waters. *''
Silver Silver is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erǵ-, ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, whi ...
'' (1949) — covert British communications tap in Austria *''
Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
'' (1968) — Warsaw Pact invasion to halt Czechoslovakia's "Prague Spring" reforms *''
Banner A banner can be a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message. A flag whose design is the same as the shield in a coat of arms (but usually in a square or rectangular shape) is called a banner of arms. Also, ...
'' (1969–2007) Deployment of British troops to
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
to prevent sectarian killings and support
the police The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977. For most of their history the line-up consisted of primary songwriter Sting (lead vocals, bass guitar), Andy Summers (guitar) and Stewart Copeland (drums, percussion). The Police ...
during the 1969–1997 armed campaign of the Provisional IRA. Operation Banner resulted in over 700 British Armed Forces deaths and 303 police deaths at the hands of native Irish Republicans. 307 people were killed by the British troops, about 51% of whom were civilians and 42% of whom were members of republican paramilitaries.


South America

*'' Brother Sam'' (1964) — A US government contingency plan to support the military coup that overthrew the Brazilian constitutional president
João Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the ...
, if the coup had faced armed resistance *''The track down operation'' (1967) — that captured and executed
Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...
*''
Condor Condor is the common name for two species of New World vultures, each in a monotypic genus. The name derives from the Quechua ''kuntur''. They are the largest flying land birds in the Western Hemisphere. They are: * The Andean condor (''Vult ...
'' (1970s) — — A campaign run by then South American Military Dictatorships' intelligence services with United States' support, which goal was extrajudicial and secretly, find, capture and eliminate political dissidents who, had succeeded to escape political repression in their homelands but could be found in any of these other countries.


Central America and the Caribbean

*''
Fortune Fortune may refer to: General * Fortuna or Fortune, the Roman goddess of luck * Luck * Wealth * Fortune, a prediction made in fortune-telling * Fortune, in a fortune cookie Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''The Fortune'' (1931 film) ...
'' (1950s) — 1951
CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian intelligence agency, foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gat ...
plan for a coup in Guatemala. Executed as ''
Success Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person mig ...
''. *''
Success Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person mig ...
'' (1954) — 1954 CIA coup in Guatemala. *'' Northwoods'' (1960s) — plan to incite war between the United States and Cuba. *''
Peter Pan Peter Pan is a fictional character created by List of Scottish novelists, Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. A free-spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and Puer aeternus, never grows up, Peter Pan spends his never-ending ...
'' (1960s) — transfer of Cubans to the US *''
Operation Pluto Operation Pluto (Pipeline Under the Ocean or Pipeline Underwater Transportation of Oil, also written Operation PLUTO) was an operation by British engineers, oil companies and the British Armed Forces to construct submarine oil pipelines un ...
'' (1961) — plan to invade Cuba and overthrow its government using a CIA-trained force of
Cuban exile A Cuban exile is a person who emigrated from Cuba in the Cuban exodus. Exiles have various differing experiences as emigrants depending on when they migrated during the exodus. Demographics Social class Cuban exiles would come from various eco ...
s. *
Mongoose A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family is currently split into two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to so ...
(1962) — plan for information gathering, sabotage, civil insurrection and overthrow of the Cuban government. *'' Phibriglex'' (1962) — US plan and mock invasion by its armed forces of a Caribbean island. The exercise took place on
Vieques Vieques (; ), officially Isla de Vieques, is an island and municipality of Puerto Rico, in the northeastern Caribbean, part of an island grouping sometimes known as the Spanish Virgin Islands. Vieques is part of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, ...
and the purpose of the mock invasion was to overthrow a fictitious leader called "Ortsac", whose name was, in fact, Castro spelled backwards. It occurred in August, shortly before the
Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) ( es, Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis () in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (16 October – 20 November 1962) confrontation between the United S ...
. It is also known by the names ''Operation Ortsac'', ''Operation Swift Strike II'' and Exercise ''Phibriglex-62''. *''
Anadyr Anadyr may refer to: *Anadyr (town), a town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia *Anadyr District *Anadyr Estuary *Anadyr (river), a river in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia *Anadyr Highlands *Anadyr Lowlands *Operati ...
'' (1962) — Cuban-Soviet plan to base nuclear weapons in
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
; the cause of the
Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) ( es, Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis () in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (16 October – 20 November 1962) confrontation between the United S ...
**''
Kama ''Kama'' (Sanskrit ) means "desire, wish, longing" in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh literature.Monier Williamsकाम, kāmaMonier-Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary, pp 271, see 3rd column Kama often connotes sensual pleasure, sexual ...
'' (1962) — Soviet plan to forward-base seven Soviet ballistic missile submarines in Mariel, Cuba (part of ''Anadyr'') *''
Power Pack Power Pack is a superhero team consisting of four young siblings appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Louise Simonson and artist June Brigman, they first appeared in their own series in 1984, which las ...
'' (1965) — US deployment with OEA military support in the
Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...
*''Waverider'' (1972) — **'' Acid Gambit'' — Rescue of
Kurt Muse Operation Acid Gambit was a Delta Force operation that retrieved Kurt Muse, an American spy living in Panama who had been arrested for plotting the overthrow of the government of Panama, from the Cárcel Modelo, a notorious prison in Panama City ...
. **'' Bushmaster'' — Security operations near US facilities. *''
Urgent Fury The United States invasion of Grenada began at dawn on 25 October 1983. The United States and a Caribbean Peace Force, coalition of six Caribbean nations invaded the island nation of Grenada, north of Venezuela. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fur ...
'' (1983) — US invasion of
Grenada Grenada ( ; Grenadian Creole French: ) is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Pe ...
*'' Contras covert operation'' (1980s) — Covert operations undertaken by Ronald Reagan's administration to provide financial, military, logistic and supply support for the
Contras The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to 1990 in opposition to the Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government in Nicaragua, which came to power in 1979 fol ...
*''
Golden Pheasant The golden pheasant (''Chrysolophus pictus''), also known as the Chinese pheasant, and rainbow pheasant, is a gamebird of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae (pheasants). The genus name is from Ancient Greek ' ...
'' (1988) — US deployment in Honduras *'' Just Cause'' (1989) — US invasion of
Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...


Southern Africa

*''
Hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...
'' (1972–1980) / — Operations by Rhodesian security forces against
ZIPRA Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), a Marxist–Leninist political party in Rhodesia. It participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule of Rhodes ...
and
ZANU The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) was a militant organisation that fought against white minority rule in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). ZANU split in 1975 into wings loyal to Robert Mugab ...
guerillas in Mashonaland. *'' Overload'' (1974) — Rhodesian security forces operation to establish protected villages. *''
Savannah A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the Canopy (forest), canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to rea ...
'' (1975–76) — South African intervention in Angola in support of the
National Liberation Front of Angola The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independenc ...
(FNLA). *'' Carlota'' (1977) — Cuban Deployment to counter South African attacks to Angola. *''
Dingo The dingo (''Canis familiaris'', ''Canis familiaris dingo'', ''Canis dingo'', or ''Canis lupus dingo'') is an ancient (Basal (phylogenetics), basal) lineage of dog found in Australia (continent), Australia. Its taxonomic classification is de ...
'' (1977) — Rhodesian attack on camps in
Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
. *
Tangent In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the line through a pair of infinitely close points on the curve. More ...
(1977–1980) / — Operations by Rhodesian security forces against insurgents in
Matabeleland Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...
. * Favour (1978–1980) / — Training of former insurgents to serve as security force auxiliaries in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. *''
Reindeer Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...
'' (1978) — South African airborne attack on South West Africa People's Organization (
SWAPO The South West Africa People's Organisation (, SWAPO; af, Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; german: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former ind ...
) base at
Cassinga Cassinga or Kassinga is a town and Communes of Angola, commune in the municipality of Jamba, Huíla, Jamba, province of Huíla Province, Huíla, Angola. It is situated on an old and important two-track road from Jamba, Huíla, Jamba to Huambo. ...
,
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
. *'' Rekstok'' (1979) — South African attack on SWAPO bases in Angola. *'' Saffraan'' (1979) — South African attack on SWAPO bases in
Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
. *'' Klipklop'' (1980) — South African disruption of SWAPO logistics in Angola. *''
Sceptic Skepticism, also spelled scepticism, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the pe ...
'' (1980) — South African attack on SWAPO bases in Angola. *''
Protea ''Protea'' () is a genus of South African flowering plants, also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: ''suikerbos''). Etymology The genus ''Protea'' was named in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus, possibly after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form a ...
'' (1981) — South African attack on SWAPO bases near
Ongiva Ondjiva, formerly Vila Pereira d'Eça, is a town, with a population of 121,537 (2014), and a commune in the municipality of Cuanhama, province of Cunene, Angola. It is also the administrative capital of Cunene Province and is located at the extr ...
and
Xangongo Xangongo (pre-1975: ''Vila Roçadas'') is a town, with a population of 35,000 (2014), and a commune in the municipality of Ombadja, province of Cunene, Angola. It is also the seat of that municipality and is located at around . It was also the s ...
, Angola. *''
Carnation ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' (), commonly known as the carnation or clove pink, is a species of ''Dianthus''. It is likely native to the Mediterranean region but its exact range is unknown due to extensive cultivation for the last 2,000 years.Med ...
'' (1981) — South African skirmishes with SWAPO forces along the Angolan border. *'' Meebos'' (1982) — South African destruction of SWAPO's "East Front" HQ at
Mupa Mupa is a town and commune of Angola, located in the province of Cunene. See also * Communes of Angola The Communes of Angola ( pt, comunas) are administrative units in Angola after municipalities. The 163 municipalities of Angola are di ...
, Angola. *''
Askari An askari (from Somali, Swahili and Arabic , , meaning "soldier" or "military", which also means "police" in the Somali language) was a local soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa, particularly in the African G ...
'' (1983) — South African attack on SWAPO and
People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola ( pt, Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola) or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) but later (1975–1991) became Ango ...
(FAPLA) forces in
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
. *''
Phoenix Phoenix most often refers to: * Phoenix (mythology), a legendary bird from ancient Greek folklore * Phoenix, Arizona, a city in the United States Phoenix may also refer to: Mythology Greek mythological figures * Phoenix (son of Amyntor), a ...
'' (1983) — South African response to mass SWAPO infiltration of
South-West Africa South West Africa ( af, Suidwes-Afrika; german: Südwestafrika; nl, Zuidwest-Afrika) was a territory under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia. It bordered Angola (Portuguese colony before 1 ...
*
Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri ( Latinized from α Centauri and often abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is a triple star system in the constellation of Centaurus. It consists of 3 stars: Alpha Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centaur ...
(1986) — South African operation in support of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (
UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for ...
) in
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
. * Moduler (1987) — South African operation to reverse the
FAPLA The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola ( pt, Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola) or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) but later (1975–1991) became Ango ...
advance on
Mavinga Mavinga is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola. One of the three municipalities in Angola. Predominantly inhabited by the Mbunda and municipality had a population of 27,196 in 2014. It comprises the communes of Maving ...
and Jamba. * Hooper (1988) — South African operation followup to ''Modular'' in pursuit of retreating FAPLA forces. * Packer (1988) — South African operation to push FAPLA and Cuban forces north of the Cuito river following ''Hooper''.


Chad

*''
Bison Bison are large bovines in the genus ''Bison'' (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised. Of the two surviving species, the American bison, ''B. bison'', found only in North Ame ...
'' (1969-1972) — French intervention to counter
FROLINAT FROLINAT (french: Front de libération nationale du Tchad; en, National Liberation Front of Chad) was an insurgent rebel group active in Chad between 1966 and 1993. Origins The organization was a result of the political union between the left ...
insurgency. *'' Tacaud'' (1978-1980) — Operation to avoid FROLINAT rebels taking Chad's capital. *''
Manta Manta or mantas may refer to: * Manta ray, large fish belonging to the genus ''Manta'' Arts and entertainment Fictional entities * Manta (comics), a character in American Marvel Comics publications * Manta (''Uridium''), a spaceship in the Bri ...
'' (1983-1984) — Intervention in the Chadian-Libyan conflict. *'' Épervier'' (1986-2014) — French military presence in Chad originally designed to counter Libyan expansion in Northern Chad, then continued to support Chad during the Sudanese backed Chadian Civil War and later focused on counterterrorism against jihadi threats in the Sahel region.


Congo/Zaire

*'' Dragon Blanc'' (1964) — Operation White Dragon - Cancelled Belgian airborne intervention in
Bunia Bunia is the capital city of Ituri Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It was part of the Orientale Province until that province's dissolution. It lies at an elevation of on a plateau about west of Lake Albert in the Albe ...
-
Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...
*'' Dragon Noir'' (1964) — Operation Black Dragon - Belgian airborne intervention in
Paulis Isiro (pronounced ) is the capital of Haut-Uele Province in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies between the equatorial forest and the savannah and its main resource is coffee. Isiro's population is estimated a ...
-
Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...
*''
Dragon Rouge Thomas Karlsson (born 1972) is a Swedish occultist and esoteric writer, with a PhD in the History of Religions from Stockholm University. (Thomas Karlsson's PhD thesis, in Swedish) In 1989 he founded Dragon Rouge, a Left-Hand Path initiatory o ...
'' (1964) — Operation Red Dragon - Belgian airborne intervention in Stanleyville -
Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...
*'' Dragon Vert'' (1964) — Operation Green Dragon - Cancelled Belgian airborne intervention in
Watsa Watsa is a community in the Haut-Uele Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, administrative center of the Watsa Territory. It is served by Watsa Airport, a grass airstrip south of the town. Watsa was the location of the VI battalion o ...
-
Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...
*''
Verveine ''Verbena'' (), also known as vervain or verveine, is a genus in the family Verbenaceae. It contains about 150 species of annual plant, annual and perennial plant, perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the speci ...
'' (1977) — French intervention in Shaba -
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
*'' Bonite/Léopard'' (1978) — French airborne intervention in
Kolwezi Kolwezi or Kolwesi is the capital city of Lualaba Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Likasi. It is home to an airport and a railway to Lubumbashi. Just outside of Kolwezi there is the static inverter plant of ...
-
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
*''
Red Bean Red bean is a common name for several plants and may refer to: * Adzuki bean (''Vigna angularis''), commonly used in Japanese, Korean, and Chinese cuisine, particularly as red bean paste * Kidney bean, red variety of ''Phaseolus vulgaris'', commo ...
'' (1978) — Belgian airborne intervention in
Kolwezi Kolwezi or Kolwesi is the capital city of Lualaba Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Likasi. It is home to an airport and a railway to Lubumbashi. Just outside of Kolwezi there is the static inverter plant of ...
-
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...


Central African Republic

*''
Barracuda A barracuda, or cuda for short, is a large, predatory, ray-finned fish known for its fearsome appearance and ferocious behaviour. The barracuda is a saltwater fish of the genus ''Sphyraena'', the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae, which was ...
'' (1979-1981) — Occupation of
Bangui Bangui () (or Bangî in Sango, formerly written Bangi in English) is the capital and largest city of the Central African Republic. It was established as a French outpost in 1889 and named after its location on the northern bank of the Ubangi ...
,
Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...
as a peace-keeping intervention after the overthrow of Emperor Bokassa. *'' Caban'' (1979) — Capture of Bangui airport as a prelude to ''Operation Barracuda'' in order to overthrow Emperor Bokassa.


Falklands War (1982)

*''
Rosario Rosario () is the largest city in the central provinces of Argentina, Argentine province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe. The city is located northwest of Buenos Aires, on the west bank of the Paraná River. Rosario is the third-most populous ci ...
'' — Argentine joint operation **''
Algeciras Algeciras ( , ) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula, near the Strait of Gibraltar, it is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar ( es, Bahía de Algeci ...
'' — Planned Argentine sabotage raid. **''
Azul Azul, meaning "blue" in Spanish and Portuguese, may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Azul'' (Los Piojos album), 1998 * ''Azul'' (Cristian Castro album), 2001 * Azul Azul, a Bolivian pop-dance music group ** "Azul" (song), the title song * " ...
'' — Argentine invasion of the
Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; es, Islas Malvinas, link=no ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about from Cape Dubouzet ...
*''
Corporate A corporation is an organization—usually a group of people or a company—authorized by the state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law "born out of statute"; a legal person in legal context) and re ...
'' — British liberation **'' Paraquet'' — British recapture of
South Georgia South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east ...
. **''
Black Buck The blackbuck (''Antilope cervicapra''), also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope native to India and Nepal. It inhabits grassy plains and lightly forested areas with perennial water sources. It stands up to high at the shoulder. Mal ...
'' — British long-range bombing raid **''
Keyhole A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security token or coin), by supplying secret information (such as a number or letter permutation or passw ...
'' — British commando raid on
Thule Island Thule Island, also called Morrell Island, is one of the southernmost of the South Sandwich Islands, part of the grouping known as Southern Thule. It is named, on account of its remote location, after the mythical land of Thule, said by ancient ...
**'' Purple Warrior'' — British training exercise incorporating lessons from the Falklands War **''
Sutton Sutton (''south settlement'' or ''south town'' in Old English) may refer to: Places United Kingdom England In alphabetical order by county: * Sutton, Bedfordshire * Sutton, Berkshire, a List of United Kingdom locations: Stu-Sz#Su, location * S ...
'' — British amphibious landings on
San Carlos Water San Carlos Water is a bay/fjord on the west coast of East Falkland, facing onto the Falkland Sound. Name Despite its Spanish-sounding name, there is a wide discrepancy with the Spanish usage, for in Spanish "Estrecho de San Carlos" refers to ...


Other

*''
Argus Argus is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek word ''Argos''. It may refer to: Greek mythology * See Argus (Greek myth) for mythological characters named Argus **Argus (king of Argos), son of Zeus (or Phoroneus) and Niobe **Argus (son of Ar ...
'' (1959) — test of nuclear bombs in the
upper atmosphere Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes: * The mesosphere, which on Earth lies between the ...
. *'' Blowdown'' (1963) — Australia/US/UK simulated nuclear explosion in a rain forest. *''
Cyclone In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anti ...
'' (1979) — US covert aid to Afghan mujahideen fighting the Soviets. *'' El Dorado Canyon'' (1986) — US strikes against
Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
*'' Morning Light'' (1978) — Joint Canadian-US effort to recover
Kosmos 954 Kosmos 954 (russian: Космос 954) was a reconnaissance satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1977. A malfunction prevented safe separation of its onboard nuclear reactor; when the satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere the follow ...
, a nuclear-powered Soviet
RORSAT Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (russian: Управляемый Спутник Активный for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT (GRAU index 17F16K), was a series of ...
. *''
Operation Morris Dance Operation Morris Dance was an Australian military operation conducted in May 1987 in response to the first of the 1987 Fijian coups d'état. On the morning of 14 May 1987 the Military of Fiji took control of the country in a bloodless coup d' ...
'' (1987) — Australian response to the first of the
1987 Fijian coups d'état The Fijian coups d'état of 1987 resulted in the overthrow of the elected government of Fijian Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra, the deposition of Elizabeth II as Queen of Fiji, and in the declaration of a republic. The first coup d'état, in wh ...
. *'' Mount Hope III'' (1988) — covert recovery of a crashed Soviet-made Mil helicopter from Africa. *''
Nuclear testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...
'' List of all known named nuclear tests.


Indochina War

*''
Adolphe ''Adolphe'' is a classic French novel by Benjamin Constant, first published in 1816. It tells the story of an alienated young man, Adolphe, who falls in love with an older woman, Ellénore, the Polish mistress of the Comte de P***. Their illicit ...
'' (1953) — French operation against
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
in Indochina. *''
Atlante Atlante or Atlantes may refer to: * Atlas (architecture), a column in the shape of a man * Atlante San Alejo, a Salvadoran football club * Atlante F.C., a Mexican football club * Atlante (private equity fund) * ''Atlante''-class tugboat * Atlante ...
'' (1954) — French operation to pacify the local populace between
Da Nang Nang or DanangSee also Danang Dragons ( ; vi, Đà Nẵng, ) is a class-1 municipality and the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population. It lies on the coast of the East Sea of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River, and is one ...
and
Nha Trang Nha Trang ( or ; ) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hòa District, Ninh Hoà town, on the south by Cam Ranh city and on the west by Diên Khánh Distri ...
and re-establish the sovereignty of the Bảo Đại government. *'' Bretagne'' (1952-1953) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *''
Brochet ''Constructions Aéronautiques Maurice Brochet'' was a French manufacturer of light aircraft established by Maurice Brochet (18 June 1899 – 16 June 1969) in Neauphle-le-Château in 1947. Aircraft design and construction Initially, the firm s ...
'' (1953) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *''
Camargue Camargue (, also , , ; oc, label= Provençal, Camarga) is a region of France located south of Arles, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône delta. The eastern arm is called the ''Grand Rhône''; the western one is the ''P ...
'' (1953) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *'' Castor'' (1953) — French airborne operation to establish a fortified airhead in Điện Biên Province. *'' Ceinture'' (1947) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *''
Condor Condor is the common name for two species of New World vultures, each in a monotypic genus. The name derives from the Quechua ''kuntur''. They are the largest flying land birds in the Western Hemisphere. They are: * The Andean condor (''Vult ...
'' (1954) — French relief attempt of Dien Bien Phu. *'' Hirondelle'' (1953) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *'' Léa'' (1947) — French airborne attempt to capture the leaders of the
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
. *''
Lorraine Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gr ...
'' (1952) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *'' Masterdom'' (1945-1946) — French and British Armies operation against Viet Minh in Indochina after the Liberation from Japan. *'' Mouette'' (1953) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *'' Papillon'' (1947) — French operation against Viet Minh in Indochina. *'' Pollux'' (1953) — French evacuation of troops stationed in
Lai Châu Province Lai or LAI may refer to: Abbreviations * Austrian Latin America Institute (Österreichisches Lateinamerika-Institut) * ''Latin American Idol'', TV series * La Trobe Institute, Melbourne, Australia * Leaf area index, leaf area of a crop or ve ...
. *''
Vulture A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion. There are 23 extant species of vulture (including Condors). Old World vultures include 16 living species native to Europe, Africa, and Asia; New World vultures are restricted to North and ...
'' (1954) — Aborted American air support of French troops against the
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
around Dien Bien Phu.


Korean War

*'' Operation Roll-Up'' (1949) — Refurbishment and redeployment of
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
equipment. *'' Blue Hearts'' (1950) — UN amphibious landings at
Pohang Pohang () is a city in the province of North Gyeongsang, South Korea, and a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The built-up area of Pohang is located on the alluvium of the mouth of the Hyeongsan River. The city is divided into two wa ...
. *'' Courageous'' (1951) — Movement of UN infantry units up the
Imjin River The Imjin River ( in South Korea) or Rimjin River ( in North Korea) is the 7th largest river in Korea. It flows from north to south, crossing the Demilitarized Zone and joining the Han River downstream of Seoul, near the Yellow Sea. The river i ...
. **''
Tomahawk A tomahawk is a type of single-handed axe used by the many Indigenous peoples and nations of North America. It traditionally resembles a hatchet with a straight shaft. In pre-colonial times the head was made of stone, bone, or antler, and Europ ...
'' (1951) — Deployment of airmobile forces in the
Battle of the Imjin River The Battle of the Imjin River ( fil, Labanan sa Ilog Imjin), also known as the Battle of Solma-ri ( ko, 설마리 전투) or Battle of Gloster Hill () in South Korea, or as Battle of Xuemali () in China, took place 22–25 April 1951 during th ...
. *''
Commando Royal Marines from 40 Commando on patrol in the Sangin">40_Commando.html" ;"title="Royal Marines from 40 Commando">Royal Marines from 40 Commando on patrol in the Sangin area of Afghanistan are pictured A commando is a combatant, or operativ ...
'' (1951) — Attack to the Jamestown Line. *''
Chromite Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can s ...
'' (1950) — UN invasion at
Inchon Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
. *'' Little Switch'' (1953) — Exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war between
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
and
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
n/
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
forces. **''
Big Switch ''Big Switch'' is an Indian television reality series which aired on Bindass. It featured very rich children, who were required to carry out various tasks designed to make them understand the value of money. The first season, which was hosted b ...
'' (1953) *''
Ripper Ripper or The Ripper may refer to: People * Ripper (surname) * Paul Burchill, ring name "The Ripper", a professional wrestler based on Jack the Ripper * Kirk Hammett, nicknamed "The Ripper", the lead guitarist in the heavy metal band Metallica ...
'' (1951) — UN movements towards the 38th parallel to recapture
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...
. *''
Operation Moolah Operation Moolah was a United States Air Force (USAF) effort during the Korean War to obtain through defection a fully capable Soviet MiG-15 jet fighter. Communist forces introduced the MiG-15 to Korea on November 1, 1950. USAF pilots reported th ...
'' (1953) — psychological operation against Communist
MiG-15 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (russian: Микоя́н и Гуре́вич МиГ-15; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of ...
pilots to
defect A defect is a physical, functional, or aesthetic attribute of a product or service that exhibits that the product or service failed to meet one of the desired specifications. Defect, defects or defected may also refer to: Examples * Angular defec ...
.


Vietnam War

*'' Arc Light'' (1965) — US
B-52 The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air ...
bombing campaign in Vietnam *''
Attleboro Attleboro is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It was once known as "The Jewelry Capital of the World" for its many jewelry manufacturers. According to the 2020 census, Attleboro had a population of 46,461. Attleboro is ...
'' (1966) — U.S. and
Army of the Republic of Vietnam The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN; ; french: Armée de la république du Viêt Nam) composed the ground forces of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 to the Fall of Saigon in April ...
(ARVN) air mobile operations in
Tây Ninh Tây Ninh () is a provincial city in south-eastern Vietnam. It is the capital of Tây Ninh Province, which encompasses the town and much of the surrounding farmland. Tây Ninh is approximately to the northwest of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's lar ...
. *'' Babylift'' (1975) — mass evacuation/airlift of orphans from
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
to the U.S. and other countries *''
Barrel Roll A barrel roll is an aerial maneuver in which an airplane makes a complete rotation on both its longitudinal and lateral axes, causing it to follow a helical path, approximately maintaining its original direction. It is sometimes described as a ...
'' (1964–73) — the bombing of
Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
by U.S. forces, to support the Royal Laotian Army and CIA-trained
Hmong Hmong may refer to: * Hmong people, an ethnic group living mainly in Southwest China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand * Hmong cuisine * Hmong customs and culture ** Hmong music ** Hmong textile art * Hmong language, a continuum of closely related ton ...
. **''
Steel Tiger Operation Steel Tiger was a covert U.S. 2nd Air Division, later Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction effort targeted against the infiltration of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) men and material moving south from t ...
'' (1965–68) **'' Tiger Hound'' (1965–68) **'' Silver Bayonet'' (1965) — First major combat operation of the 1st Air Cavalry Div. **'' Commando Hunt'' (1968–72) — U.S. bombing of the Ho Chi Minh trail *''
Bolo Bolo may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Bolo, a fictional tribe in ''bolo'bolo'' by P.M. * Bolo, a character in the ''Shantae'' series * ''Bolo'' universe, a science fiction universe created by Keith Laumer * Prin ...
'' (1967) — Decoy mission to disguise the
electronic signature An electronic signature, or e-signature, is data that is logically associated with other data and which is used by the signatory to sign the associated data. This type of signature has the same legal standing as a handwritten signature as long as i ...
of combat aircraft. *'' Chopper'' (1962) — Major air mobile offensive near
Saigon , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
. *'' Cedar Falls'' (1967) — Attack on
National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...
(NVA or Viet Cong) positions in Bến Cát (the '' Iron Triangle'') *'' Dewey Canyon'' (1971) — Offensive against NVA communication lines in
Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
. *'' Enhance Plus'' (1972) — Resupply of military equipment and consumables to the government of
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
. *'' Flaming Dart'' (1965) — Reprisal bombing attacks by the
U.S. Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal ...
against NVA units. *'' Frequent Wind'' (1975) —
Helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes ...
evacuation of U.S. citizens before the
fall of Saigon The Fall of Saigon, also known as the Liberation of Saigon by North Vietnamese or Liberation of the South by the Vietnamese government, and known as Black April by anti-communist overseas Vietnamese was the capture of Saigon, the capital of ...
. *''
Game Warden A conservation officer is a law enforcement officer who protects wildlife and the environment. A conservation officer may also be referred to as an environmental technician or technologist, game warden, forest ranger, forest watcher, forest gu ...
'' (1965) — first major U.S. riverine patrol operation. Later Swift Boat operations included: **'' Ballistic Charge'' **'' Beacon Star'' **'' Beacon Torch'' **'' Bear Bite'' **''
Bear Claw A bear claw is a sweet, yeast-raised pastry, a type of Danish, originating in the United States during the mid-1910's. In Denmark, a bear claw is referred to as ''kamme''.Roufs, Timothy G., and Kathleen Smyth Roufs''Sweet Treats around the Worl ...
'' **'' Beau Charger'' **'' Beau Diddley'' **'' Beaver Cage'' **'' Bold Mariner'' **'' Boone'' **''
Canyon A canyon (from ; archaic British English spelling: ''cañon''), or gorge, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosion, erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. Rivers have a natural tenden ...
'' **'' Daring Rebel'' **'' Deckhouse Five'' (1967) **'' DeSoto'' **''
Dragon Fire Dragon Fire may refer to: * In fiction and mythology, the ability of dragons to exhale fire, or any of several things which allude to this power * Dragon Fire (roller coaster), a roller coaster at Canada's Wonderland * Dragon Fire (novel), ''Dragon ...
'' **'' Fortress Ridge'' **'' Seahawk'' **''
Sea Tiger The Sea Tigers (Tamil: கடற்புலிகள் ''Kaţaṛpulikaḷ'') was the naval wing of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It was founded in 1984. The Sea Tigers had a number of small but effectiv ...
'' **''
Market Time Operation Market Time was the United States Navy, Republic of Vietnam Navy and Royal Australian Navy operation begun in 1965 to stop the flow of troops, war material, and supplies by sea, coast, and rivers, from North Vietnam into parts of Sou ...
'' (1965) *''
Hastings Hastings () is a large seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England, east to the county town of Lewes and south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place to the north-west ...
'' (1966) — U.S. and ARVN counter-offensive operations in
Quảng Trị Quảng Trị () is a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà. History The Sino-Vietnamese name Quả ...
*''
Homecoming Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back alumni or other former members of an organization to celebrate the organization's existence. It is a tradition in many high schools, colleges, and churches in the United States, Canada and Liberia. ...
'' (1973) — repatriation of U.S. prisoners of war from
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
*''
Leap Frog James Joseph "Buster" Bennett (March 19, 1914 – July 3, 1980) was an American blues saxophonist and blues shouter. His nickname was "Leap Frog". At various times in his career, he played the soprano saxophone, the alto, and the tenor. He w ...
'' (1968) — Systematic canvassing of the opinions of senior ARVN officers by U.S. military intelligence on likely NLF actions. *''
Menu In a restaurant, the menu is a list of food and beverages offered to customers and the prices. A menu may be à la carte – which presents a list of options from which customers choose – or table d'hôte, in which case a pre-established seque ...
'' (1969) — U.S. bombing of
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
*'' Malheur'' (1967) — Twin phased Search and destroy operations in
Quảng Ngãi Quảng Ngãi () is a city in central Vietnam. It serves as the capital city of Quảng Ngãi Province. Quảng Ngãi City borders Tư Nghĩa District to the south and west, Sơn Tịnh District to the northwest and Bình Sơn District to the n ...
*''
Pegasus Pegasus ( grc-gre, Πήγασος, Pḗgasos; la, Pegasus, Pegasos) is one of the best known creatures in Greek mythology. He is a winged divine stallion usually depicted as pure white in color. He was sired by Poseidon, in his role as hor ...
'' (1968) — Resupply and relief operations to U.S. Marines besieged at Khe Sanh *''
Phoenix Phoenix most often refers to: * Phoenix (mythology), a legendary bird from ancient Greek folklore * Phoenix, Arizona, a city in the United States Phoenix may also refer to: Mythology Greek mythological figures * Phoenix (son of Amyntor), a ...
'' (1968) —
CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian intelligence agency, foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gat ...
-organized assassination campaign against influential NLF operatives in South
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
*''
Rich Rich may refer to: Common uses * Rich, an entity possessing wealth * Rich, an intense flavor, color, sound, texture, or feeling ** Rich (wine), a descriptor in wine tasting Places United States * Rich, Mississippi, an unincorporated commun ...
'' (1968) — Combined arms assault near the
Bến Hải River The Bến Hải River ( vi, Sông Bến Hải) is a river in central Vietnam which became an important landmark in the partition of the country into a northern and a southern zone along the 17th parallel by the Geneva Accords of 1954 then end ...
in the
Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was a demilitarized zone established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam from July 1954 to 1976 as a result of the First Indochina War. During the Vietnam War (1955-1975) it became important as t ...
*''
Linebacker Linebacker (LB) is a playing position in gridiron football. Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage and the defensive linemen. They are the "middle ground" of defenders, p ...
'' (1972) — Strategic bombing of
Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...
and
Haiphong Haiphong ( vi, Hải Phòng, ), or Hải Phòng, is a major industrial city and the third-largest in Vietnam. Hai Phong is also the center of technology, economy, culture, medicine, education, science and trade in the Red River delta. Haiphong wa ...
, and mining of
Haiphong Haiphong ( vi, Hải Phòng, ), or Hải Phòng, is a major industrial city and the third-largest in Vietnam. Hai Phong is also the center of technology, economy, culture, medicine, education, science and trade in the Red River delta. Haiphong wa ...
harbour. *''
Ranch Hand A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the ''vaquero'' ...
'' (1961–71) — Spraying of
herbicide Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weedkillers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page fo ...
s (including
Agent Orange Agent Orange is a chemical herbicide and defoliant, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides. It was used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. It ...
) by aircraft and ground forces. **''
Trail Dust ''Trail Dust'' is a 1936 American Western film directed by Nate Watt, written by Al Martin, and starring William Boyd, James Ellison, George "Gabby" Hayes, Morris Ankrum, Gwynne Shipman, Britt Wood and Dick Dickson. It was released on Decembe ...
'' *'' Rolling Thunder'' (1967–68) — Bombing of
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
*''
Sealords Operation Sealords was a military operation that took place during the Vietnam War. SEALORDS acronym SEALORDS is an acronym for Southeast Asia Lake, Ocean, River, and Delta Strategy. It was a joint operation between United States and South Vi ...
'' (1968) —
Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta ( vi, Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long, lit=Nine Dragon River Delta or simply vi, Đồng Bằng Sông Mê Kông, lit=Mekong River Delta, label=none), also known as the Western Region ( vi, Miền Tây, links=no) or South-weste ...
and inland waterways campaign by the U.S. Navy in
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
*''
Starlite Starlite is an intumescent material said to be able to withstand and insulate from extreme heat. It was invented by British hairdresser and amateur chemist Maurice Ward (1933–2011) during the 1970s and 1980s, and received significant publi ...
'' (1965) —
United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...
actions near Chu Lai. *''
Sunrise Sunrise (or sunup) is the moment when the upper rim of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon and its accompanying atmospheric effects. Terminology Al ...
'' (1962) — Relocation of Vietnamese peasantry around
Saigon , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
to "strategic hamlets." *''
Tailwind A tailwind is a wind that blows in the direction of travel of an object, while a headwind blows against the direction of travel. A tailwind increases the object's speed and reduces the time required to reach its destination, while a headwind has ...
'' (1970) — Alleged use of
nerve gas Nerve agents, sometimes also called nerve gases, are a class of organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by the blocking of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that ...
against U.S. defectors in
Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
. *'' Toan Thang 42'' (1970) — ARVN incursion into
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
*'' Union I and II'' (1967) — American Marines in the Quế Sơn Valley. ** March–April 1958: Operation Booster Shot, nationwide ** 22 January 1959–19 April 1961: Project Hotfoot (Laos), nationwide ** December 1958:
North Vietnamese invasion of Laos North Vietnam supported the Pathet Lao to fight against the Kingdom of Laos between 1958–1959. Control over Laos allowed for the eventual construction of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that would serve as the main supply route for enhanced NLF (the ...
, in Military Region 3 (MR 3) ** 25 December 1959:
1960 Laotian coups The 1960 Laotian coups brought about a pivotal change of government in the Kingdom of Laos. General Phoumi Nosavan established himself as the strongman running Laos in a bloodless coup on 25 December 1959. He would be himself overthrown on 10 Augus ...
, in Military Region 5 (M5) ** 10 August 1960: 1960 Laotian coups, in MR 5 ** 13–16 December 1960:
Battle of Vientiane The Battle of Vientiane was the decisive action of the 1960 Laotian coups. Fought between 13 and 16 December 1960, the battle ended with General Phoumi Nosavan winning control of the Kingdom of Laos with the aid of the Royal Thai Government and th ...
, in MR 5 ** 17 January 1961–30 September 1974:
Operation Momentum Operation Momentum was a guerrilla training program during the Laotian Civil War. This Central Intelligence Agency operation raising a guerrilla force of Hmong hill-tribesmen in northeastern Laos was planned by James William Lair and carried out ...
, in Military Region 2 (MR 2) ** 31 January–6 June 1961: Battle of Ban Pa Dong, in Military Region 1 (MR 1) ** 13 March–August 1961:
Operation Millpond Operation Millpond, which operated from 13 March 1961 through August 1961, was an American covert operation designed to introduce air power into the Laotian Civil War. A force of 16 A-26 Invader, B26s, 16 Sikorsky H-34s, and other military materi ...
, nationwide, (cancelled) ** 13 December 1961–10 September 1962:
Operation Pincushion Operation Pincushion was a covert training program for hill tribe recruits to become guerrilla soldiers during the Laotian Civil War. Run by United States Special Forces and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency, it trained 12 companies of irr ...
, in Military Region 4 (MR 4) ** January–5 May 1962:
Battle of Luang Namtha The Battle of Luang Namtha, fought between January 1962 and May 1963, was a series of clashes in the Laotian Civil War. It came about as a result of the turmoil following Laotian independence as a result of the First Indochina War with France. The ...
, in MR 1 ** 25 May 1963:
Chinese Road The Chinese Road (or The Chinese Roads) were a series of highways built as a foreign aid project by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in northern Laos, beginning in 1962. The first new road was built from Mengla, Yunnan Province, PRC to Phongs ...
in MR 1 ** Summer 1963–1972: Operation Hardnose, in MR 3 and MR 4 ** November 1963–January 1964:
Battle of Lak Sao The Battle of Lak Sao, fought between November 1963 and January 1964, was a major engagement of the Laotian Civil War. In November 1963, General Phoumi Nosavan, who held the reins of military power in the Kingdom of Laos, launched a military of ...
, in MR 3 ** Late 1963–mid-1967:
Wapi Project The Wapi Project was a civic action program originated by the Royal Lao Government; it was performed in Military Region 4 of Laos from late 1963 through 1967. Notable for being among the first integrated programs to offer integrated services to ...
, in MR 4 ** 18 April 1964:
1964 Laotian coups The 1964 Laotian coups were two attempted coup d'etats against the Royal Lao Government. The 18 April 1964 coup was notable for being committed by the policemen of the Directorate of National Coordination. Although successful, it was overturned f ...
, in MR 5 ** 19–29 July 1964:
Operation Triangle Operation Triangle was a military operation of the Laotian Civil War staged from 19—29 July 1964. Although planned by the General Staff of the Royal Lao Army, it was subject to American approval because the RLA depended on the Americans for fin ...
, in MR1, MR2, and MR 5 ** 19 July 1964–March 1973:
Unity (military operation) Unity was the code name for Thailand's covert supply of mercenary soldiers to the Kingdom of Laos during the Laotian Civil War. From 4 July 1964 until March 1973, battalions of Thai volunteers fought Communist insurgents on the Plain of Jars in Mil ...
, in MR 2 and MR 4 ** 4 August 1964: 1964 Laotian coups, in MR 5 ** 14 December 1964—22 February 1973:
Operation Barrel Roll Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Viet ...
, in MR 2 ** 31 January 1965:
1965 Laotian coups The 1965 Laotian coups were two separate and simultaneous coups that struck the Kingdom of Laos in January 1965. General Phoumi Nosavan, a participant in four prior coups, had been deprived of troop command as a result; nevertheless, he managed to ...
, in MR 5 ** 3 April 1965–11 November 1968:
Operation Steel Tiger Operation Steel Tiger was a covert U.S. 2nd Air Division, later Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction effort targeted against the infiltration of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) men and material moving south from t ...
in MR 3 and MR 4 ** Late 1965: Operation Star (Laos), in MR 3 ** 5 December 1965–end of 1968:
Operation Tiger Hound Operation Tiger Hound was a covert U.S. 2nd Air Division, later Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction campaign conducted in southeastern Laos from 5 December 1965 till 11 November 1968, during the Vietnam War. Th ...
in MR 3 and MR 4 ** 17 February 1966:
Battles of Nakhang The Battles of Nakhang (16 February 1966–28 February 1969) were fought between Royalist forces and North Vietnamese invaders for control of the northern base of Nakhang, Laos. The Lima Site 36 Lima Site 36 (also known as LS-36) was an A ...
, in MR 2 ** 23 May 1966: Second Battle of Nakhang, in MR 2 ** August 1966–January 1968:
Battle of Nam Bac The Battle of Nam Bac was one of the major engagements of the Laotian Civil War. Despite misgivings about their potential performance the Royal Lao Army moved in to occupy the Nam Bac Valley in August 1966; the position would block a traditional ...
, in MR 1 ** 21 October 1966: 1966 Laotian coup, in MR 5 ** 6 January 1967: Third Battle of Nakhang, in MR 2 ** 9 January 1967:
Ban Naden raid The raid on Ban Naden of 9 January 1967 was the only successful rescue of prisoners of war during the Vietnam War, although no American prisoners were freed from the camp.Briggs, p. 209. The raid was improvised after local Central Intelligence A ...
, in MR 3 ** 29 July–1 August 1967: 1967 Opium War, on Burmese border of MR 1 ** 23 January 1968: Battle of Ban Houei Sane, in MR 3 ** 10–11 March 1968:
Battle of Lima Site 85 The Battle of Lima Site 85, also called Battle of Phou Pha Thi, was fought as part of a military campaign waged during the Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Pathet Lao, against ai ...
, in MR 2 ** 26 November 1968–7 January 1969:
Operation Pigfat Operation Pigfat was a crucial guerrilla offensive of the Laotian Civil War; it lasted from 26 November 1968 to 7 January 1969. Launched by Hmong tribal soldiers backed by the Central Intelligence Agency, it was based on the usage of overwhelming ...
, in MR 2 ** 28 February 1969: Fourth Battle of Nakhang, in MR 2 ** 17 March–7 April 1969:
Operation Raindance Operation Raindance was a military operation of the Laotian Civil War, staged from 17 March to 7 April 1969. It was launched by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) in support of Hmong guerrillas raised by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). As the guerril ...
, in MR2 ** 12 March 1969: Battles of Bouamlong, in MR 2 ** 18–27 June 1969:
Campaign Toan Thang Campaign Toan Thang (Campaign Total Victory) was the first communist wet season offensive of the Laotian Civil War. Launched on 18 June 1969 and successful by the 27th, the assault by People's Army of Vietnam troops from the 312th Division and ...
, in MR 2 ** 21–26 June 1969: Operation Left Jab in MR 4 ** 1–15 July 1969:
Operation Off Balance Operation Off Balance was a hastily planned offensive operation of the Laotian Civil War; it happened between 1 and 15 July 1969 on the Plain of Jars in the Kingdom of Laos. The Royal Lao Government forces in Military Region 1 of Laos had just been ...
, in MR 2 ** 28 July–17 October 1969: Operation Junction City Jr., in MR 3 ** 6 August–30 September 1969:
Kou Kiet Kou Kiet (translation: Redeem Honor; also called Operation About Face) was a major Laotian Civil War victory for the anti-communist troops of the Kingdom of Laos. Patterned after prior Operation Raindance, it depended upon extensive air strikes b ...
, in MR 2 ** 13 September 1969–25 April 1970:
Campaign 139 Campaign 139 (14 September 1969–25 April 1970) was a major military offensive of the People's Army of Vietnam, launched against its Royalist enemies during the Laotian Civil War. Larger than previous invading forces, Campaign 139 was also a ...
, in MR 2 ** 20 September 1969–9 March 1970: Operation Diamond Arrow, in MR 4 ** 15 November 1968–29 March 1969:
Operation Commando Hunt Operation Commando Hunt was a covert U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction campaign that took place during the Vietnam War. The operation began on 15 November 1968 and ended on 29 March 1972. The objective of ...
, in MR 3 and MR 4 ** 2–26 July 1970: Operation Maeng Da, in MR 3 ** 31 August–mid-December 1970:
Operation Honorable Dragon Operation Honorable Dragon (also known as Operation Gauntlet) was an offensive of the Second Indochina War. The Central Intelligence Agency, which equipped and trained the needed troops, aimed at disruption of the North Vietnamese communist supply ...
, in MR 4 ** 11–13 September 1970:
Operation Tailwind Operation Tailwind was a covert incursion by a small unit of United States Army and allied Montagnard forces into southeastern Laos during the Vietnam War, conducted from 11 to 14 September 1970. Its purpose was to create a diversion for a Roya ...
, in MR 4 ** 26 September 1970–7 January 1971:
Operation Counterpunch Operation Counterpunch, waged 26 September 1970 to 7 January 1971, was a military offensive of the Laotian Civil War. Royalist General Vang Pao's guerrilla army regained the vital all-weather forward fighter base at Muang Soui on the Plain of Jars ...
, in MR 2 ** 19 October–13 November 1970: Tchepone Operation, in MR 3 ** 1 January–May 1971: Project Copper, in MR 4 ** 5 January–11 February 1971:
Operation Silver Buckle Operation Silver Buckle (5 January11 February 1971), an offensive staged in Military Region 4 of the Kingdom of Laos, was the deepest Royal Lao Armed Forces penetration to date of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Reaching the Trailside village of Moung N ...
, in MR 3 ** 2 February–late May 1971:
Campaign 74B Campaign 74B (2 February–30 April 1971) was a major combined arms offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) during the Laotian Civil War. The Communist offensive, if successful, would knock the last remaining fighting troops of the ...
, in MR 2 ** 8 February–25 March 1971:
Operation Lam Son 719 Operation Lam Son 719 or 9th Route – Southern Laos Campaign ( vi, Chiến dịch Lam Sơn 719 or Chiến dịch đường 9 – Nam Lào) was a limited-objective offensive campaign conducted in the southeastern portion of the Kingdom of Laos. T ...
, in MR 4 ** 16 February–29 March 1971:
Operation Desert Rat Operation Desert Rat (16 February – 3 April 1971) was a diversionary attack by a Laotian irregular regiment upon the crucial communist supply line, the Ho Chi Minh trail. Carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency sponsored ''Groupement ...
, in MR 3 ** 2 April–20 August 1971: Operation Phalat, along Thai border of MR 1 ** 7 April–27 June 1971: Operation Xieng Dong, in MR 1 ** 15 May–late September 1971: Operation Phoutah, in MR 3 ** 9–11 June 1971: Operation Phiboonpol, in MR 4 ** 27 July–31 October 1971:
Operation Sayasila Operation Sayasila (26 July 1971—31 October 1971) was a major offensive military operation of the Laotian Civil War. It was staged by command of King Sisavang Vatthana. Launched on 26 July 1971 against the Ho Chi Minh Trail complex and its Peo ...
, in MR 4 ** 5 August–25 September 1971:
Phou Khao Kham Phou Khao Kham (Gold Mountain), (5 August – 25 September 1971) was a Royal Lao Government military offensive operation of the Laotian Civil War designed to clear Communist forces off Routes 13 and 7 north of the administrative capital of Vienti ...
, in MR 5 ** September 1971: Operation Sourisak Montry, along Thai border of MR 1 ** 1–9 November 1971: Operation Bedrock (Laos), in MR 4 ** 1 November–23 December 1971: Operation Thao La, in MR 4 ** 17 December 1971–30 January 1972: Campaign Z, in MR 2 ** 30 December 1971–16 March 1972:
Operation Maharat Operation Maharat (30 December 1971–16 March 1972) was a military offensive of the Royal Lao Government aimed at Communist insurrectionists. At stake was the sole road junction in northern Laos well in the rear of Royalist troops fighting i ...
, in MR 1 and MR 5 ** 1 February–17 March 1972,
Operation Strength I Operation Strength (6 February – 17 March 1972) was a Royalist military offensive of the Laotian Civil War. The attack, undertaken against the advice of his American backers by Hmong General Vang Pao, was launched across the rear of the atta ...
, in MR 2 ** 11 February–ca 31 March 1972, Operation Sinsay in MR 4 ** 6–30 March 1972: Operation Strength II, in MR 2 ** 1–27 April 1972: Operation Fa Ngum, in MR 4 ** June 1972:
Operation Sourisak Montry VIII Operation Sourisak Montry VIII (September 1971–22 June 1972) was a Thai military offensive against an encroaching Chinese Communist presence just north of the Mekong River. Operation Phalat established a base camp at Xieng Lom, Laos, on th ...
, along Thai border of MR 1 ** 15 June–19 October 1972:
Operation Black Lion Operation Black Lion (15 June – 19 October 1972) was a Royal Lao Government counter-offensive against a People's Army of Vietnam thrust that cut the Kingdom of Laos in two at Khong Sedone during May 1972. Two regiments of Royalist military irreg ...
, in MR 4 ** 26 July–27 September 1972: Operation Phou Phiang II, in MR 2 ** 18 October 1972––22 February 1973:
Operation Black Lion III Operation Black Lion III (18 October 1972 – 22 February 1973) was one of the last Royal Lao Army offensives of the Laotian Civil War. Aimed at regaining the Lao towns of Paksong and Salavan and their associated airfields for Lao usage, the ...
, in MR 4 ** 28 October–27 December 1972:
Campaign 972 Campaign 972 (28 October 1972 – 22 February 1973) was the final offensive in the south of the Kingdom of Laos by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). After fending off a score of Royal Lao Government attacks against the Ho Chi Minh Trail bet ...
, on the MR2/MR 3 boundary ** 21 November 1972–22 February 1973:
Operation Black Lion V Operation Black Lion V (21 November 1972–22 February 1973) was the final Royal Lao Government offensive of the Laotian Civil War. Launched as a followup to Operation Black Lion and Operation Black Lion III, it too was aimed at regaining cont ...
, in MR 4 ** 7 December 1972–early May 1973: The Vinh wiretap ** 6 January–5 February 1973: Operation Maharat II, in MR 5 ** 18 January–March 1973:
Operation Phou Phiang III Operation Phou Phiang III (18 January – March 1973) was the final offensive of the Laotian Civil War by the Royal Lao Army's ''L'Armée Clandestine''. Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored Hmong guerrillas and Thai mercenaries formed three a ...
, in MR 2 ** 20 August 1973: 1973 Laotian coup, in MR 5


Post–Cold War


Asia

*'' Safed Sager'' (1999) —
Indian Air Force The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks third amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial w ...
operations in the
Kargil War The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was fought between India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LoC). In India, the conflict is also referr ...
. *''
Operation Swift Retort On 27 February 2019, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) conducted six airstrikes at multiple locations in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The airstrikes were part of the PAF military operation codenamed Operation Swift Retort and were c ...
'' (2019) —
Pakistan Air Force , "Be it deserts or seas; all lie under our wings" (traditional) , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = ...
retaliatory air operation during the 2019 conflict with India.


Sri Lankan Civil War

*''
Vadamarachchi Operation Operation Liberation also known as the Vadamarachchi Operation was the military offensive carried out by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces in May and June 1987 to recapture the territory of Vadamarachchi in the Jaffna peninsula from the LTTE (Tam ...
'' (1997) — military offensive carried out by the Sri Lankan Military *''
Operation Riviresa Operation Riviresa (Operation Sunrays), was a combined military operation launched by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces in Jaffna. Starting on 17 October 1995, the primary objective of the operation was the capture of the city of Jaffna and rest of ...
'' (1995) — operation launched by the
Sri Lankan Armed Forces The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Th ...
to capture the Jaffna peninsula. *''
Operation Jayasikurui Operation Jayasikurui (''Certain Victory'' in Sinhala), was a Sri Lankan military operation launched on 13 May 1997, it lasted until 1999, when it was called off. The operation was initially launched for 6 months but cancelled after 18 month ...
'' (1997-1999) — *'' 2008–09 Sri Lankan Army Northern offensive'' (2008/09) — Final major operation of the country's 25-year-old civil war. *''
Jaffna University Helidrop The Jaffna University Helidrop was the first of the operations launched by the Indian Peace Keeping Forces (IPKF) aimed at disarming the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by force and capturing the town of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, in the openi ...
'' (1987) — First of the operations launched by the Indian Forces (IPKF) aimed at disarming the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by force and securing the town of Jaffna. *''
Operation Pawan Operation Pawan ( hi, कार्यवाही पवन ''Kãryvãhi Pavan'', lit. "Operation Wind") was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of ...
'' (1987) — Indian Mission to take control of
Jaffna Jaffna (, ) is the capital city of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jaffna District located on a peninsula of the same name. With a population of 88,138 in 2012, Jaffna is Sri Lanka's 12th most ...


Rwanda

*'' Clean Corridor'' (1994) — Escort of
Tutsi The Tutsi (), or Abatutsi (), are an ethnic group of the African Great Lakes region. They are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu ethnic grou ...
military forces to
Kigali Kigali () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Rwanda. It is near the nation's geographic centre in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. As a primate city, Kigali has been Rwa ...
by the
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 872 on 5 October 1993. It was intended to assist in the implementation of the Arusha Accords (Rwanda), Arusha Accords, sig ...
(UNAMIR). *'' Green Beam'' (1990) — Belgian military evacuation of civilians in Rwanda. *'' Ippocampo'' (1994) — Italian codename for evacuation of Italian civilians from Rwanda. *'' Noroît'' (1990) — French codename for evacuation of civilians from Kigali at the start of the
Rwandan Civil War The Rwandan Civil War was a large-scale civil war in Rwanda which was fought between the Rwandan Armed Forces, representing the country's government, and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) from 1October 1990 to 18 July 1994. The war arose ...
. *'' Silver Back'' (1994) — Belgian military evacuation of civilians and withdrawal of Belgian armed forces in Rwanda. *'' Tamar'' (1994) — Australian contribution to peacekeeping in Rwanda. *''
Turquoise Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula . It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of yea ...
'' (1994) — French led intervention in Rwanda to protect displaced persons.


Congo/Zaire

*''
Antilope ''Antilope'' is a genus of twisted-horn bovid that contains a single living species, the blackbuck of South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region cons ...
'' (1997) — French Army evacuation of French and foreign citizens from
Pointe-Noire Pointe-Noire (; kg, Njinji, french: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, following the capital of Brazzaville, and an autonomous department since 2004. Before t ...
. *''
Artemis In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Artemis (; grc-gre, Ἄρτεμις) is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity. She was heavily identified wit ...
'' (2003) — French led EU contribution to UN peace keeping mission during
Ituri conflict The Ituri conflict (french: Guerre d'Ituri) is an ongoing conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the two groups had ...
, Democratic Republic of Congo (
MONUSCO The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name , is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was estab ...
). *'' Blue Beam'' (1991) — Belgian military intervention and evacuation of civilians in
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
. *''
Caravan Caravan or caravans may refer to: Transport and travel *Caravan (travellers), a group of travellers journeying together **Caravanserai, a place where a caravan could stop *Camel train, a convoy using camels as pack animals *Convoy, a group of veh ...
'' (2003) — Canadian contribution to the French-led Interim Emergency Multinational Force in the
Democratic Republic of Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
. *'' Green Stream'' (1997) — Belgian military evacuation of civilians in
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
. *'' Malebo'' (1996) — French Army hostage rescue operation in
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
. *''
Mistral Mistral may refer to: * Mistral (wind) in southern France and Sardinia Automobiles * Maserati Mistral, a Maserati grand tourer produced from 1963 until 1970 * Nissan Mistral, or Terrano II, a Nissan 4×4 produced from 1993 until 2006 * Microp ...
'' (2003) — South African contribution to the Mission of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (
MONUC The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name , is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was estab ...
) including the
Force Intervention Brigade The United Nations Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) is a military formation which constitutes part of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). It was authorized by the United Nations ...
. *'' Pélican'' (1997) — French Army evacuation of French and foreign citizens from
Brazzaville Brazzaville (, kg, Kintamo, Nkuna, Kintambo, Ntamo, Mavula, Tandala, Mfwa, Mfua; Teke: ''M'fa'', ''Mfaa'', ''Mfa'', ''Mfoa''Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLI ...
. *'' Teutonic'' (2005) —
SANDF The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The commander of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Ministe ...
assistance to
DRC The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
transitional government.


Horn of Africa

*''
Addition Addition (usually signified by the Plus and minus signs#Plus sign, plus symbol ) is one of the four basic Operation (mathematics), operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and Division (mathematics), division. ...
'' (2000) — Canada's contribution to the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (
UNMEE The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) was established by the United Nations Security Council in July 2000 to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. First military troops Nethe ...
). *''
Atalanta Atalanta (; grc-gre, Ἀταλάντη, Atalantē) meaning "equal in weight", is a heroine in Greek mythology. There are two versions of the huntress Atalanta: one from Arcadia, whose parents were Iasus and Clymene and who is primarily known ...
'' (2008–present) — EU military presence off the coast of
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
to act against piracy. *''
Deliverance ''Deliverance'' is a 1972 American survival thriller film produced and directed by John Boorman, and starring Jon Voight, Burt Reynolds, Ned Beatty, and Ronny Cox, with the latter two making their feature film debuts. The screenplay was adapted ...
'' (1993) — Canadian mission to
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
. *'' Eastern Exit'' (1991) — US evacuation of its embassy in Somalia. *''
Espresso Espresso (, ) is a coffee-brewing method of Italian origin, in which a small amount of nearly boiling water (about ) is forced under of pressure through finely-ground coffee beans. Espresso can be made with a wide variety of coffee beans and ...
'' (2002) — South African contribution to the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). *''
Operation Gothic Serpent Operation Gothic Serpent was a military operation conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, by an American force code-named ''Task Force Ranger'' during the Somali Civil War in 1993. The primary objective of the operation was to capture Mohamed Farrah ...
'' (1993) — United States special operation with the primary mission of capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid in
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
. *'' Iskoutir'' (1992-1999) — French Army intervention for enforcement of ceasefire during and after the
Djiboutian Civil War The Djiboutian Civil War (also known as the First Afar insurgency) was a conflict in Djibouti, lasting from 1991 to 1994 and resulting in thousands of fatalities. This uneven power sharing between the Issas and Afars led to the Civil War that rava ...
. *''
Restore Hope The Unified Task Force (UNITAF) was a United States-led, United Nations-sanctioned multinational force which operated in Somalia from 5 December 1992 until 4 May 1993. A United States initiative (code-named Operation Restore Hope), U ...
'' (1992) — American name for
UNITAF The Unified Task Force (UNITAF) was a United States-led, United Nations-sanctioned multinational force which operated in Somalia from 5 December 1992 until 4 May 1993. A United States initiative (code-named Operation Restore Hope), U ...
, humanitarian intervention in
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
. **''
Oryx ''Oryx'' is a genus consisting of four large antelope species called oryxes. Their pelage is pale with contrasting dark markings in the face and on the legs, and their long horns are almost straight. The exception is the scimitar oryx, which l ...
'' (1992-1993) — French Army contribution to ''Operation Restore Hope''. *''
Solace Consolation, consolement, and solace are terms referring to psychological comfort given to someone who has suffered severe, upsetting loss, such as the death of a loved one. It is typically provided by expressing shared regret for that loss and ...
'' (1992) — Australian deployment in
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
.


Mano River Region

*''
Barras Barras may refer to: Places * Barras, Cumbria, England * Barras, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France * Barras, Piauí, Brazil * Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Sete Barras, São Paulo, Brazil Other uses * Barras (surname) * Barras (market), a st ...
'' (2000) — Rescue of British hostages/soldiers and SAS destruction of a rebel group in Sierra Leone. *'' Espadon'' (1997) — French codename for evacuation of French civilians during
Sierra Leone Civil War The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002), or the Sierra Leonean Civil War, was a civil war in Sierra Leone that began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Liberia, Liberian dictato ...
. *''
Licorne Licorne (russian: Единорог, ''Yedinorog'', 'unicorn') is the French name of an 18th- and 19th-century Russian cannon, a type of muzzle-loading howitzer, devised in 1757 by M.W. Danilov and S.A. Martynov and accepted by artillery commander, ...
'' (2002) — French Army contribution to the
United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) (french: link=no, Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)) was a UN-NATO peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) whose objective was "to facilitate the implemen ...
. *'' Montego'' (2003) — South African contribution to
United Nations Mission in Liberia The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was a peacekeeping operation established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberia ...
(
UNMIL The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was a peacekeeping operation established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberi ...
). *'' Phillis'' (2004) — Evacuation of British citizens from
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...
. *''
Providence Providence often refers to: * Providentia, the divine personification of foresight in ancient Roman religion * Divine providence, divinely ordained events and outcomes in Christianity * Providence, Rhode Island, the capital of Rhode Island in the ...
'' (2003) — French codename for evacuation of French and foreign civilians from
Monrovia Monrovia () is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia. Founded in 1822, it is located on Cape Mesurado on the Atlantic coast and as of the 2008 census had 1,010,970 residents, home to 29% of Liberia’s total population. As the ...
during
Second Liberian Civil War The Second Liberian Civil War was a conflict in the West African nation of Liberia lasted from 1999 to 2003. It was preceded by the First Liberian Civil War, which ended in 1996. President Charles Taylor came to power in 1997 after victory in t ...
. *'' Sharp Edge'' (1990–1991) — Evacuation of Americans from
Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...
. *'' Shining Express'' (2003) — Evacuation of Americans from Liberia.


Central Africa

*'' African Union Mission in Burundi'' (2003-2004) —
African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the Africa ...
mission to
Burundi Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili language, Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French language, French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the ...
, later replaced by
United Nations Operation in Burundi The United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) was established by United Nations Security Council in May 2004 to ensure the continuation of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement signed on 28 August 2000. Furthermore, by the terms of R ...
. *''
Boali Boali is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Ombella-M'Poko. Boali is located on National Highway 1 (RN1), about 100 km northwest of the national capital, Bangui. The road, one of the country's few paved highways, ...
'' (2002-2013) — French intervention in the Central African Republic during the
Central African Republic Bush War The Central African Republic Bush War was a civil war in the Central African Republic between Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) rebels and government forces. The rebellion began after François Bozizé seized the nation's presid ...
. It is replaced by ''Operation Sangharis''. *''
EUFOR Tchad/RCA European Union Force Chad and the Central African Republic (EUFOR Chad and the Central African Republic), also EUFOR Tchad/RCA after the French, was the European Union mission in Chad and the Central African Republic (CAR), authorised in late 2 ...
'' (2007-2009) — French led EU peace keeping mission in
Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...
and
Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...
during Chadian Civil War. *''
MINURCAT The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations Security Council on September 25, 2007 to provide a multidimensional presence of up to 350 po ...
'' (2009-2010) — UN mission that succeeded
EUFOR Tchad/RCA European Union Force Chad and the Central African Republic (EUFOR Chad and the Central African Republic), also EUFOR Tchad/RCA after the French, was the European Union mission in Chad and the Central African Republic (CAR), authorised in late 2 ...
. *'' Sangaris'' (2013-2016) — Peace-keeping intervention in
Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...
.


Libya

*''
Unified Protector Operation Unified Protector was a NATO operation in 2011 enforcing United Nations Security Council resolutions 1970 and 1973 concerning the Libyan Civil War and adopted on 26 February and 17 March 2011, respectively. These resolutions imposed s ...
'' (2011) — NATO led intervention during the
Libyan Civil War Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. The ...
to enforce
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War. The resolution formed the legal basis for military intervention in the Libyan Civil War, demanding "an immediate cease ...
. **'' Ellamy'' (2011) — British contribution to the operation ''Unified Protector''. **''
Harmattan The Harmattan is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind, of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the ...
'' (2011) — French contribution to the operation ''Unified Protector''. **''
Mobile Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile ( ...
'' (2011) — Canadian contribution to the operation ''Unified Protector''. **'' Odyssey Dawn'' (2011) — US contribution to the operation ''Unified Protector''.


Sudan

*''
Azure Azure may refer to: Colour * Azure (color), a hue of blue ** Azure (heraldry) ** Shades of azure, shades and variations Arts and media * ''Azure'' (Art Farmer and Fritz Pauer album), 1987 * Azure (Gary Peacock and Marilyn Crispell album), 2013 ...
'' (2005) — Australian name for UN peace keeping mission in Sudan (
UNMIS The United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Suda ...
)

*'' Operation Cordite, Cordite'' (2004) — South African observer mission to the
African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the Africa ...
mission in
Darfur Darfur ( ; ar, دار فور, Dār Fūr, lit=Realm of the Fur) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju ( ar, دار داجو, Dār Dājū, links=no) while ruled by the Daju, ...
. *'' Nilo'' (2005) — Italian name for UN peace keeping mission in Sudan (
UNMIS The United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Suda ...
).


Western Sahara

*'' Lamantin'' (1977-1978) — French Army intervention in
Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...
during the
Western Sahara conflict The Western Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial forces fr ...
. *''
MINURSO The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara ( ar, بعثة الأمم المتحدة لتنظيم استفتاء في الصحراء الغربية; french: Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Organisation d'un Référendum au ...
'' (1991–present) — UN peace keeping mission in
Western Sahara Western Sahara ( '; ; ) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), while the r ...
.


Zimbabwe

*''
Liberation Liberation or liberate may refer to: Film and television * ''Liberation'' (film series), a 1970–1971 series about the Great Patriotic War * "Liberation" (''The Flash''), a TV episode * "Liberation" (''K-9''), an episode Gaming * '' Liberati ...
'' (2002) — Seizure of Asian-owned assets in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...
. *'' Murambatsvina'' (2005) — Zimbabwe government's attack on residential district loyal to opposition groups.


Other Africa

*'' Albatros'' (1993–94) — Italian contribution to UN peace keeping mission in Mozambique ( UNOMOZ). *'' Azalée'' (1995) — French reaction to the mercenary led coup in
Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...
. *'' Boleas'' (1998) — South African and Botswanan military intervention in
Lesotho Lesotho ( ), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a country landlocked country, landlocked as an Enclave and exclave, enclave in South Africa. It is situated in the Maloti Mountains and contains the Thabana Ntlenyana, highest mountains in Sou ...
. *'' Corymbe'' (1990–present) — French Navy prepositioning off
Gulf of Guinea The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the ...
acting against piracy and serving as backup for a potential evacuation of EU citizens from Western Africa in case of conflict. *'' Tanker Two'' (2002) —
South African Navy The South African Navy (SA Navy) is the naval warfare branch of the South African National Defence Force. The Navy is primarily engaged in maintaining a conventional military deterrent, participating in counter-piracy operations, fishery prot ...
mission to shadow
Greenpeace Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning network, founded in Canada in 1971 by Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, immigrant environmental activists from the United States. Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth t ...
's ''
MV Esperanza MV ''Esperanza'' was a ship operated by Greenpeace. Previous to being a Greenpeace ship it was a fire-fighting vessel owned by the Soviet Navy, built in 1984. It was recommissioned in 2000 and relaunched in 2002 after being named ''Esperanza'' ...
'' and prevent interception of the Pacific Teal, a
plutonium Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibi ...
transport.


East Timor

*'' Astute'' (2006) — Deployment of Australian military forces to
East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
following the May 2006 civil unrest. *''
Citadel A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of "city", meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. In ...
'' — Australia's contribution to the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (
UNMISET The United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET) lasted from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2005, when it was replaced by United Nations Office in Timor Leste (UNOTIL). It was established when East Timor became an internationally recognised ind ...
). Later ongoing peacekeeping actions were known as ''
Operation Tanager The tanagers (singular ) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropica ...
''. *''
Chiron In Greek mythology, Chiron ( ; also Cheiron or Kheiron; ) was held to be the superlative centaur amongst his brethren since he was called the "wisest and justest of all the centaurs". Biography Chiron was notable throughout Greek mythology ...
'' — Training of East Timorese military forces by the
Australian Defence Force The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is the military organisation responsible for the defence of the Commonwealth of Australia and its national interests. It consists of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Forc ...
. *'' Faber'' — Deployment of
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
military observers to
East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
in support of the
UNAMET The United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) was established by Security Council Resolution 1246 on 11 June 1999 for a period up to 31 August 1999. By Security Council Resolution 1257 of 3 August UNAMET was extended to 30 September 1999. ...
-monitored popular consultation. *'' Poinciana'' (1975) — Or ''Operasi Flamboyan'' (a name of a tropical tree); seaborne capture of
Dili Dili (Portuguese/Tetum: ''Díli'') is the capital, largest city of East Timor and the second largest city in Timor islands after Kupang (Indonesia). It lies on the northern coast of the island of Timor, in a small area of flat land hemmed in ...
in 1975. *'' Seroja'' (1975) — Indonesian invasion of
East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
in 1975. *'' Stabilise'' — Also spelled as ''Operation Stabilize''; Australian Defence Force's involvement in the multinational force United Nations International Force in East Timor (INTERFET) in East Timor *''
Scorched Earth A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, which usually includes obvious weapons, transport vehicles, communi ...
'' — Or ''Operasi Sapu Bersih'' in
Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...
, also known as ''Operation Clean Sweep''; campaign of violence and arson allegedly committed by the TNI-supervised pro-integration militias following the 1999
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
supervised plebiscite. *''
Spitfire The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. Many variants of the Spitfire were built, from the Mk 1 to the Rolls-Royce Griff ...
'' — Evacuation of foreign nationals from
East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
by Australian defence assets, as a result of post-referendum violence. *''
Toucan Toucans (, ) are members of the Neotropical near passerine bird family Ramphastidae. The Ramphastidae are most closely related to the American barbets. They are brightly marked and have large, often colorful bills. The family includes five ge ...
'' — Canada's contribution to the United Nations' International Force in East Timor (INTERFET) and the
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), ( pt, Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades long East Timorese cri ...
(UNTAET) *''
Warden A warden is a custodian, defender, or guardian. Warden is often used in the sense of a watchman or guardian, as in a prison warden. It can also refer to a chief or head official, as in the Warden of the Mint. ''Warden'' is etymologically identic ...
'' — Military operation involving all contributing forces conducted under the multinational peacekeeping mission known as United Nations' International Force in East Timor (INTERFET)


Croatian War of Independence 1991-1995

*''
Operation Otkos 10 Operation Swath-10 ( hr, Operacija Otkos-10) was a military offensive undertaken by the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'', or HV) against the SAO Western Slavonia Territorial Defense Forces on Bilogora Mountain in western Slavonia. Occurring f ...
'' (end Oct-Nov 1991) — Croatian actions against Serbian forces on area from Mount Bilogora to Mount Papuk (on west of
Slavonia Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja ...
). *''
Operation Orkan 91 Operation Hurricane-91 ( hr, Operacija Orkan-91) was a military offensive undertaken by the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'' – HV) against the Yugoslav People's Army (''Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija'' – JNA) and SAO Western Slavonia Terri ...
'' (1991) — Follow-up Croatian offensive after Otkos 10. *''
Harmony In music, harmony is the process by which individual sounds are joined together or composed into whole units or compositions. Often, the term harmony refers to simultaneously occurring frequencies, pitches ( tones, notes), or chords. However ...
'' (1992) — Canada's contribution to the
United Nations Protection Force The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR; also known by its French acronym FORPRONU: ''Force de Protection des Nations Unies'') was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav War ...
(UNPROFOR), which was created in February 1992 to ensure the protection and
demilitarization Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of state armed forces; it is the opposite of militarisation in many respects. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland entailed the reduction of British security and military ...
of three UN Protected Areas in Croatia. *''
Operation Tigar Operation Tiger ( hr, Operacija Tigar) was a Croatian Army (HV) offensive conducted in areas of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina near Dubrovnik between 1 and 13 July 1992. It was designed to push the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) away fro ...
'' (July 1992) — Croatian military actions in occupied
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
hinterland, held by Serbian and Montenegrin regulars. *'' Medački džep'' (September 1993) — Croatian offensive against Serbian forces with aim of relieving the city of
Gospić Gospić () is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Lika-Senj County. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field ( Ličko Polje). Gospić is the ...
from Serb shelling attacks. *'' Bljesak'' ("Flash") (March 1995) — Croatian offensive against Serbian forces, with aim of liberating occupied western Slavonia. *''
Oluja }) was the last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence and a major factor in the outcome of the Bosnian War. It was a decisive victory for the Croatian Army (HV), which attacked across a front against the self-declared proto-state Re ...
'' ("Storm") (August 1995) — Croatian major offensive against most areas under control of Serbian forces.


War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995

*'' Operation Corridor '92'' (24 June 1992 - 6 October 1992) — Bosnian Serb operation against Bosnian Croat forces in Bosnian Posavina. *'' Maritime Monitor'' (July 1992 - November 1992) — in support of UN resolutions
713 __NOTOC__ Year 713 ( DCCXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 713 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...
and
757 757 may refer to: * Boeing 757: a narrow-body airliner * AD 757: a year * 757 BC: a year * 757 (number): a number * Area code 757 Image:Area code 757.png, The area colored red indicates the southeast corner of Virginia served by area code 757 pol ...
, operation which subsequently became: *'' Sky Monitor'' (October 1992 - April 1993) — Monitoring by NAEW of unauthorized flights in the airspace of Bosnia-Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. *'' Maritime Guard'' (November 1992 - June 1993) — in support of UN Resolution 787. *'' Balbuzard'' (January 1993 - December 1995) — French military action aiming to liberate hostages in
Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its a ...
and ensure the safety of already deployed French elements of
UNPROFOR The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR; also known by its French acronym FORPRONU: ''Force de Protection des Nations Unies'') was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav War ...
in case of a potential evacuation. *''
Deny Flight Operation Deny Flight was a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operation that began on 12 April 1993 as the enforcement of a United Nations (UN) no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina. The United Nations and NATO later expanded the mis ...
'' (April 1993 - December 1995) — NATO operation preventing the violation of the Bosnia-Herzegovina airspace, declared
No-Fly Zone A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly. Such zones are usually set up in an enemy power's te ...
. *'' Sharp Guard'' (June 1993 - October 1996) — Co-ordinated
WEU The Western European Union (WEU; french: Union de l'Europe occidentale, UEO; german: Westeuropäische Union, WEU) was the international organisation and military alliance that succeeded the Western Union (WU) after the 1954 amendment of the 1948 ...
and
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
evolution of
Operation Maritime Guard Operation Maritime Guard was a NATO blockade, in the international waters of the Adriatic Sea, of the former Yugoslavia. Scope The operation began on November 22, 1992. It followed NATO Operation Maritime Monitor, and was in support of UN Se ...
in continuing support of UN Resolution 787. *'' Neretva '93'' (September 1993 - October 1993) — Offensive of
Bosnian Muslim The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, cu ...
forces against Bosnian Croats in northern and eastern
Herzegovina Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geogra ...
. *'' Operation Tvigi '94'' (24 January 1994) — Bosnian Croat attack on village of Here. *'' Bøllebank'' ("Hooligan-bashing" in Danish) (29 April 1994) — UN-forces' use of tanks against Bosnian Serbian forces. *'' Operation Tiger'' (2 June 1994 - 21 August 1994) — Offensive of pro-government Bosniak forces against forces of
Fikret Abdić Fikret Abdić (born 29 September 1939) is a Bosnian politician and businessman who first rose to prominence in the 1980s for his role in turning the Velika Kladuša-based agriculture company Agrokomerc into one of the biggest conglomerates in S ...
. *''
Amanda Amanda is a Latin feminine gerundive (i.e. verbal adjective) name meaning, literally, “she who must (or is fit to) be loved”. Other translations, with similar meaning, could be "deserving to be loved," "worthy of love," or "loved very much b ...
'' (25 October 1994) — Danish UN-forces' second engagement against Bosnian Serbian forces. *''
Operation Cincar The Battle of Kupres (Bosnian language, Bosnian, Croatian language, Croatian and sr, Bitka za Kupres, italics=yes) was a battle of the Bosnian War, fought between the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) and the Croatian Def ...
'' (20 October 1994 - 3 November 1994) — Joint Bosniak-Croat offensive to take control of Kupres from the VRS. *''
Operation Spider Operation Spider ( sh, Operacija Pauk, Операција Паук) were a series of military actions in northwestern Bosnia that began on November 1994 and continued until the summer of 1995. It was a combined effort of Republika Srpska and the ...
'' (4 November 1994 - Summer 1995) — Republika Srpska and Serbian Krajina offensive in northwestern Bosnia. *''
Operation Winter '94 Operation Winter '94 ( sh, Operacija Zima '94, Операција Зима '94) was a joint military offensive of the Croatian Army (HV) and the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) fought in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 November ...
'' (29 November 1995 - 24 December 1995) — Croatian offensive in Livno area. *'' Operation Leap 1'' (7 April 1995) — Croatian offensive in Livno-Bosansko Grahovo area. *''
Operation Leap 2 Operation Winter '94 ( sh, Operacija Zima '94, Операција Зима '94) was a joint military offensive of the Croatian Army (HV) and the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) fought in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 November ...
'' (4 June 1995 - 10 June 1995) — Croatian offensive in Livno-Bosansko Grahovo area. *''
Operation Krivaja '95 The siege of Srebrenica ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Opsada Srebrenice, Опсада Сребреницe) was a three-year siege of the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina which lasted from April 1992 to July 1995 during the Bosnian War. In ...
'' (6 July 1995 - 11 July 1995) — Bosnian Serb operation to take control of the Srebrenica enclave. *''
Operation Stupčanica '95 Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...
'' (25 July 1995 - 26 July 1995) — Bosnian Serb operation to take control of the Žepa enclave. *''
Operation Summer '95 Operation Summer '95 ( hr, Operacija Ljeto '95) was a joint military offensive of the Croatian Army (HV) and the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) that took place north-west of the Livanjsko Polje, and around Bosansko Grahovo and Glamoč in west ...
'' (25 July 1995 - 29 July 1995) — Croatian offensive in western Bosnia. *'' Sword '95'' (1995) — Bosnian Serbian offensive against Bosnian-Muslim forces in western Bosnia. *''
Operation Deliberate Force Operation Deliberate Force was a sustained air campaign conducted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in concert with the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) ground operations, to undermine the military capability of the ...
'' (August - September 1995) —
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
air campaign in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
. *''
Operation Maestral Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...
'' (8 September 1995 - 15 September 1995) — Major Croatian offensive in western Bosnia. *''
Operation Sana Operation Sana ( bs, Operacija Sana) was the final military offensive of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (''Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine'' – ARBiH) in western Bosnia and Herzegovina and the last major battle of the B ...
'' (13 September 1995 - 13 October 1995) — Bosnian offensive in northwestern Bosnia. *''
Operation Una Operation Una ( hr, Operacija Una) was a military offensive conducted by the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'' – HV) against the Army of Republika Srpska (''Vojska Republike Srpske'' – VRS) in western Bosnia and Herzegovina on 18–19 Sept ...
'' (18 September 1995 - 19 September 1995) — Croatian operation against Bosnian Serb Army. *''
Operation Southern Move Operation Southern Move ( hr, Operacija Južni potez) was the final Croatian Army (HV) and Croatian Defence Council (HVO) offensive of the Bosnian War. It took place in western Bosnia and Herzegovina on 8–11 October 1995. Its goal was to help ...
'' (8 October 1995 - 11 October 1995) — Croatian offensive in area around Mrkonjić Grad.


Bosnia and Herzegovina (Post

Bosnian War The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...
)

*'' Joint Endeavor'' (December 1995) —
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
peace-keeping operation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
which established
IFOR The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename ''Operation Joint Endeavour''. Background NATO ...
*'' Joint Guard'' (December 1996 - 1998) —
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
peace-keeping operation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
which established
SFOR The Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian war. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It ...
*'' Joint Forge'' (1998-2004) —
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
peace-keeping operation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
following ''Operation Joint Guard'' *''
EUFOR Althea Operation Althea, formally the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), is a military deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the Dayton Agreement. It is the successor to NATO's SFOR and IFOR. T ...
'' (2004 - ) —
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
peace-keeping operation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
following ''Operation Joint Forge'', replacing IFOR and SFOR.


Kosovo War 1999

*'' Allied Force'' (1999) — NATO's air campaign in
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
*''
Megaphone A megaphone, speaking-trumpet, bullhorn, blowhorn, or loudhailer is usually a portable or hand-held, cone-shaped acoustic horn used to amplify a person's voice or other sounds and direct it in a given direction. The sound is introduced into ...
'' (2000) — Canada's return of equipment used in Kosovo *'' Quadrant'' (1999–2002) — Canada's mission in Kosovo *''Joint Guardian'' (1999 – ) — NATO operation which established KFOR


Macedonia

*'' Able Sentry'' (1993–1994) —
Berlin Brigade The Berlin Brigade was a US Army brigade-sized garrison based in West Berlin during the Cold War. After the end of World War II, under the conditions of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements, the Allied forces occupied West Berlin. This occupation las ...
deployed as part of Multi-National United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR) to the
Republic of Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It ...
to establish Camp Able Sentry and monitor sanctions imposed by NATO against Serbia/Kosovo. *This mission was later taken over by the (then) Germany-based, 3rd Infantry Div (Mech). *''
Echo In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the list ...
'' (1998-2000) — Canada sending air forces to
Aviano Aviano ( fur, Davian; cim, Pleif) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Pordenone at the foot of the Dolomites mountain range in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy. Aviano is home to the C.R.O. (Oncological Referral Center), a cancer rese ...
, Italy to enforce a
no-fly zone A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly. Such zones are usually set up in an enemy power's te ...
over
Balkan The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
region (UNSFOR and UNKFOR). *'' Essential Harvest'' (2001) — month-long NATO mission of disarming
ethnic Albanians The Albanians (; sq, Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbi ...
in Macedonia. **''
Forage Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used m ...
'' (2001-2002) — Canadian contribution to NATO's ''Essential Harvest''. *''
Kinetic Kinetic (Ancient Greek: κίνησις “kinesis”, movement or to move) may refer to: * Kinetic theory of gases, Kinetic theory, describing a gas as particles in random motion * Kinetic energy, the energy of an object that it possesses due to i ...
'' (1999-2000) — Canada's contribution to NATO's mission
KFOR KFOR may refer to: * KFOR (AM), a radio station (1240 AM) licensed to Lincoln, Nebraska, United States * KFOR-TV, a television station (channel 4 analog/27 digital) licensed to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States * KFOR-TV (Nebraska), a defunct ...
to secure
Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
and Macedonia and to provide
humanitarian Humanitarianism is an active belief in the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral, altruistic, and emotional ...
needs to displaced persons. * ''Mountain Storm'' (2007) — Macedonian special police operation against Albanian extremists.


Haiti

*''
Constable A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in criminal law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within the police. Other peop ...
'' (1997) — Canada's contribution to the
United Nations Mission in Haiti The United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was a peacekeeping operation carried out by the United Nations between September 1993 and June 1996. The Mission was reestablished (''MINUSTAH'') in April 2004, after a rebellion took over most of Haiti ...
*''
Uphold Democracy Operation Uphold Democracy was a military intervention designed to remove the military regime installed by the 1991 Haitian coup d'état that overthrew the elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The operation was effectively authorized by t ...
'' (1994–1995) — U.S. led multinational intervention aimed at removing the military regime after the 1991 coup in
Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
. This operation was later replaced by
UNMIH The United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was a peacekeeping operation carried out by the United Nations between September 1993 and June 1996. The Mission was reestablished (''MINUSTAH'') in April 2004, after a rebellion took over most of Haiti ...
. *'' New Horizon'' (1995–1996) — U.S. mission in support (and under the command) of United Nations Mission in Haiti *'' Secure Tomorrow'' (2004) — US led multinational force, authorized by the UN as the Multinational Interim Force (MIF) which was replaced by the
MINUSTAH ) , leader_title = Head , leader_name = Sandra Honoré (Special Representative of the Secretary-General) , status = Replaced by MINUJUSTH , formation = 1 June 2004 , websiteUN Peacekeeping: MINUSTAH
. **'' Carbet'' (2004) — French codename for peace-keeping intervention in Haiti. *''
MINUSTAH ) , leader_title = Head , leader_name = Sandra Honoré (Special Representative of the Secretary-General) , status = Replaced by MINUJUSTH , formation = 1 June 2004 , websiteUN Peacekeeping: MINUSTAH
'' (2004–present) — United Nations peace-keeping presence in Haiti.


Persian Gulf War

*''
Desert Shield The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
'' (1990–1991) — American buildup prior to
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
**'' Busiris'' (1990-1991) — Presence of French Army elements stationed in the
UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at th ...
as deterrent against potential
Iraqi Army The Iraqi Ground Forces (Arabic: القوات البرية العراقية), or the Iraqi Army (Arabic: الجيش العراقي), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It was known as the Royal Iraqi Army up until the coup ...
action **'' Salamandre'' (1990-1991) — Deployment of French Army in preparation of operations Busiris and Daguet. *''
Desert Storm The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
'' (1991) — Gulf War **'' Artimon'' — French Navy enforcement of UN resolutions
661 Year 661 ( DCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 661 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the ...
and
665 __NOTOC__ Year 665 ( DCLXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 665 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...
during the Gulf War **'' Daguet'' ("''
Brocket deer Brockets or brocket deer are the species of deer in the genus ''Mazama''. They are medium to small in size, and are found in the Yucatán Peninsula, Central and South America, and the island of Trinidad. Most species are primarily found in forest ...
''") — French codename for operations during the Gulf War **''
Damask Damask (; ar, دمشق) is a reversible patterned fabric of silk, wool, linen, cotton, or synthetic fibers, with a pattern formed by weaving. Damasks are woven with one warp yarn and one weft yarn, usually with the pattern in warp-faced satin ...
'' —
Royal Australian Navy The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of ...
deployment to the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
. ** ''Desert Sabre'' — The ground campaign which began on 24 February 1991. **'' Granby'' — British codename for operations during the Gulf War **''
Locusta Locusta or Lucusta (died 69), was a notorious maker of poisons in the 1st-century Roman Empire, active in the final two reigns of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She supposedly took part in the assassinations of Claudius and Britannicus. She was a f ...
'' ("''
Locust Locusts (derived from the Vulgar Latin ''locusta'', meaning grasshopper) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstanc ...
''") — Italian codename for operations during the Gulf War. **''
Phèdre ''Phèdre'' (; originally ''Phèdre et Hippolyte'') is a French dramatic tragedy in five acts written in alexandrine verse by Jean Racine, first performed in 1677 at the theatre of the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris. Composition and premiere With ...
'' — French Navy codename for surveillance of
Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...
. *'' Ace Guard'' (1991) — (NATO) Allied Command Europe Mobile Force for Turkey South Border Reinforcement (based at Diyarbakir AFB)


Iraq (post-Gulf War)

*''
Provide Comfort Operation Provide Comfort and Provide Comfort II were military operations initiated by the United States and other Coalition nations of the Persian Gulf War, starting in April 1991, to defend Kurdish refugees fleeing their homes in northern I ...
'' (1991–1996) — Security and humanitarian aid to
Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ir ...
in northern Iraq and
No-Fly Zone A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly. Such zones are usually set up in an enemy power's te ...
North of 36°N over Iraq. **''
Airone ''Airone'' ( en, Heron) is an Italian science magazine devoted to science and technology issues. It is published in Milan, Italy, by Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori (former company, now a division of Cairo Editore, a subsidiary of Cairo Communicati ...
'' (1991) — Italian codename for Operation Provide Comfort. **'' Haven'' (1991) — Security and humanitarian aid to
Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ir ...
in Northern Iraq. **'' Libage'' (1991) — French codename for Operation Provide Comfort in the Turkey-Iraq border area. **'' Ramure'' (1991) — French codename for Operation Provide Comfort in the Iran-Iraq border area. *'' Record'' (1991-2001) — Canadian mission to secure Iraqi-Kuwaiti border. *''
Southern Watch Operation Southern Watch was an air-centric military operation conducted by the United States Department of Defense from Summer 1992 to Spring 2003. United States Central Command's Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-SWA) had the mission of mon ...
'' (1991–2003) — No-Fly Zone South of 33°N over Iraq. **'' Alysse'' (1992-2003) — French codename for contribution to Operation ''Southern Watch''. **''
Bolton Bolton (, locally ) is a large town in Greater Manchester in North West England, formerly a part of Lancashire. A former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish people, Flemish weavers settled in the area i ...
'' (1997-2001) — UK Royal Air Force Contribution to Southern Watch. **'' Resinate South'' (2001-2003) — UK Contribution to Southern Watch including Response Options. *'' Southern Breeze'' (1991) — Demining operations of Kuwaiti waters. *'' Desert Strike'' (1996) — retaliation attacks on Iraq. *''
Determination Determination is a positive emotional feeling that involves persevering towards a difficult goal in spite of obstacles.Kirby, L.D., Morrow, J., & Yih, J. (2014). The challenge of challenge: Pursuing determination as an emotion. In M. M. Tugade, ...
'' (1998) — Canadian deployment in the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
to force
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
to comply with United Nations inspection agreements. *''
Northern Watch Operation Northern Watch (ONW), the successor to Operation Provide Comfort, was a Combined Task Force (CTF) charged with enforcing its own no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. Its mission began on 1 January 1997. The coalition partners ...
'' (1997–2003) —
No-Fly Zone A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly. Such zones are usually set up in an enemy power's te ...
North of 36°N over Iraq. **'' Resinate North'' (2001-2003) — UK Contribution to Northern Watch including Response Options. *'' Desert Fox'' (1998) — Bombing campaign on military Iraqi targets. * ''Desert Falcon'' (1991–2003) United States
PATRIOT A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...
missile defense of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Israel from the Iraqi
Scud A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second World, Second and Third World, Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporti ...
missile threat.


Georgia

*''
Russo-Georgian War The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia. was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of Sou ...
'' (2008) — military operation repelling Georgian attack on
South Ossetia South Ossetia, ka, სამხრეთი ოსეთი, ( , ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated populat ...
*'' Operation Clear Field'' (2008) — Failed Attempt to Capture
Tskhinvali Tskhinvali ( ka, ცხინვალი ) or Tskhinval ( os, Цхинвал, Чъреба, Tskhinval, Chreba, ; rus, Цхинва́л(и), r=Tskhinvál(i), ) is the capital of the disputed ''de facto'' independent Republic of South Ossetia, int ...


Armenia (First Nagorno-Karabakh War)

*'' Wedding in the Mountains'' (1992) — Invasion of the town of
Shusha / hy, Շուշի , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ShushaCollection2021.jpg , image_caption = Landmarks of Shusha, from top left:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral • Yukhari Govhar ...
of Azerbaijan by the
Armenian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի զինված ուժեր, Hayastani zinvats uzher), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army ( hy, Հայկական Բանակ, Haykakan Banak), is the national military of Armenia. It consist ...
during the
First Nagorno-Karabakh War The First Nagorno-Karabakh War, referred to in Armenia as the Artsakh Liberation War ( hy, Արցախյան ազատամարտ, Artsakhyan azatamart) was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in th ...


Middle East

*'' Blow to the Head'' (2010) — operation against the militants in the insurgent
Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
i town of
Sa'dah Saada ( ar, صَعْدَة, translit=Ṣaʿda), a city and ancient capital in the northwest of Yemen, is the capital and largest city of the province of the same name, and the county seat of the county of the same name. The city is located in the ...
in the
Saada Governorate Saada ( ar, صَعْدَة, Ṣaʿdah) is one of the governorates of Yemen. The governorate's seat and the largest city is Saada. It is the epicentre of Zaydism
. *''
Scorched Earth A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, which usually includes obvious weapons, transport vehicles, communi ...
'' (2009) — was the code-name of a Yemeni military offensive in the northern Saada Governorate . *'' Baliste'' (2006) — French codename for evacuation of EU civilians during Lebanon War. *'' Diapason'' (1994) — French codename for evacuation of EU civilians during the
Yemeni Civil War Yemeni Civil War may refer to several historical events which have taken place in Yemen: *Alwaziri coup, February – March 1948 *Yemeni–Adenese clan violence, 1956–60 *North Yemen Civil War, 1962–70 *Aden Emergency, 1963–67 *South Yemen#Di ...
. *''
Musketeer A musketeer (french: mousquetaire) was a type of soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern warfare particularly in Europe as they normally comprised the majority of their infantry. The musketeer was a pre ...
'' (1956) — Tripartite operation aiming at gaining control of
Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...
and removing
Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein, . (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-re ...
from power in
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
.


Global War on Terror and other associated activity


Afghanistan War

* Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan (2001-2014)
ISAF ' ps, کمک او همکاري ' , allies = Afghanistan , opponents = Taliban Al-Qaeda , commander1 = , commander1_label = Commander , commander2 = , commander2_label = , commander3 = , command ...
— US led invasion of Afghanistan following the
September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercia ...
, aiming to attack
al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremism, Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arab, Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military ta ...
and deny it a safe haven in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
by removing the
Taliban The Taliban (; ps, طالبان, ṭālibān, lit=students or 'seekers'), which also refers to itself by its state (polity), state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a Deobandi Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic fundamentalist, m ...
from power. **
Arès Arès (; oc, Arés) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Gironde department *Pilgrims of Arès The Pilgrims of Arès is a new religious movement founded in 1974 by Michel Potay. ...
(2003-2007) —
French Special Forces The Commandement des Opérations Spéciales ( en, Special Operations Command) or COS is a joint staff charged with overseeing the various special forces of the French Army, Navy and Air and Space Force, bringing them all under a single operation ...
contribution to the operation ''Enduring Freedom''. ** Épidote (2002-2014) — French Army training of Afghan Army Officers. ** Héraclès (2001-2002) — French Navy contribution to the initial phase of operation ''Enduring Freedom''. **
Pamir Pamir may refer to: Geographical features * Pamir Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia ** Pamir-Alay, a mountain system in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir Mountains *A pamir (valley) is a high plateau or valley surro ...
(2001-2014) — French Land Army contribution to the operation ''Enduring Freedom''. * Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present) RSM — Afghan and US led counterterrorism operations against the remnants of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan *
Resolute Support Resolute may refer to: Geography * Resolute, Nunavut, Canada, a hamlet * Resolute Bay, Nunavut * Resolute Mountain, Alberta, Canada Military operations * Operation Resolute, the Australian Defence Force contribution to patrolling Australia's Excl ...
(2015–present) RSM — NATO-led training, advising, and assistance mission in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. *Operation Allied Welcome (2021-Present) - Evacuation of US citizens, green card holders, Special Immigrant VISA holders, and their families.


Iraq War

*New Dawn (2010-2011) *''
Iraqi Freedom {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق (Kurdish languages, Kurdish) , partof = the Iraq conflict (2003–present), I ...
'' (2003-2011) — US led invasion of Iraq under the claim that
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
was producing
WMDs A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to numerous individuals or cause great damage to artificial structures (e.g., buildings), natural ...
. **''See Iraq Operations Since 2003''


Sahel

*''
Serval The serval (''Leptailurus serval'') is a wild cat native to Africa. It is widespread in sub-Saharan countries, except rainforest regions. Across its range, it occurs in protected areas, and hunting it is either prohibited or regulated in ran ...
'' (2013) — French intervention in
Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...
to counter
AQIM Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ( ar-at, تنظيم القاعدة في بلاد المغرب الإسلامي, Tanẓīm al-Qā'idah fī Bilād al-Maghrib al-Islāmī), or AQIM, is an Islamist militant organization (of al-Qaeda) that aims to ...
progress. *''
Barkhane Operation Barkhane was an anti-insurgent operation that started on 1 August 2014 and formally ended on 9 November 2022. It was led by the French military against Islamist groups in Africa's Sahel region.AQIM Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ( ar-at, تنظيم القاعدة في بلاد المغرب الإسلامي, Tanẓīm al-Qā'idah fī Bilād al-Maghrib al-Islāmī), or AQIM, is an Islamist militant organization (of al-Qaeda) that aims to ...
presence. *''Operation Rijke, Rijke'' (2015) — Unconfirmed codename for rescue mission of Dutch hostage 2011 Timbuktu kidnapping, Sjaak Rijke detained in Mali since 2011.


Syrian War

*''Opération Chammal, Chammal'' (2014–present) — French airstrikes in
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
and Syria to disrupt ISIS progress. *''Timber Sycamore'' (2012–present) — US and Jordan funding, training and arms supply program to support Syrian rebel forces in Syrian Civil War. *''Operation Shader'' (2014–present) — UK operations in
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
and Syria to counter ISIS. *''Operation Shah Euphrates'' (2015) *''Operation Euphrates Shield'' (2016–2017) *''Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate'' (2017–present) *''Operation Olive Branch'' (2018–2019) — Turkish offensive in Syria against the Democratic Union Party (Syria), PYD and the People's Protection Units, YPG. *''2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, Operation Peace Spring'' (2019) *''Operation Spring Shield'' (2020)


Other military counter-terrorist operations

*''Operation Eagle Assist, Eagle Assist'' (2001) — Surveillance and protection of US skies by
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
military aircraft. *''Operation Noble Eagle, Noble Eagle'' (2001) — US military operations to prevent terrorism in the United States. *''Transit Center at Manas#Operation Enduring Freedom, Enduring Freedom - Kyrgyzstan'' (2001) *''Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa, Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa'' (2002) US military operations and civic assistance based in Djibouti. *''Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines, Enduring Freedom - Philippines'' (2002) US military operations in the Philippines against Abu Sayyaf insurgents. *''Operation Enduring Freedom – Pankisi Gorge, Enduring Freedom - Pankisi Gorge'' (2002) *''Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara, Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara'' (2007) US military operations against terrorists in the Sahara/Sahel region of Africa. *''Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America, Enduring Freedom - Caribbean and Central America'' (2008)


Terrorist operations

*''Project Bojinka, Bojinka'' (1995) — Aborted Al-Qaeda plot to bomb eleven aircraft over Asia, and/or assassinate Pope John Paul II in the Philippines. *''Operation Jibril, Jibril'' (2001) — Aborted Jemaah Islamiah plan to bomb US, Australian, Israeli and British targets in Singapore. Also known as ''Operation C''. *''Operation Death Trains, Death Trains'' (2004) — Unverified name given by Al-Qaeda for the Madrid train bombings. *''Operation Wagon, Wagon'' (2003) — Unverified name given by Al-Qaeda for an aborted plan to bomb the London Underground and attack Heathrow Airport. *''2008 Mumbai attacks, Black Tornado'' (2008) — Name given to the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Mumbai shooting and bombing attacks perpetrated by Lashkar-e-Taiba.


Counter-terrorism drills

*''Operation Fast Forward, Fast Forward'' (2005) Mock evacuation of downtown Washington. *''Operation Firework Fanfare, Firework Fanfare'' (2005) Mock evacuation of towns in Oklahoma. *''Operation Highline, Highline'' (2005) Counter-terrorist exercise in Collingwood, Victoria, Collingwood, Melbourne. *''Operation Red Dragon (civil defense exercise), Operation Red Dragon'' (2009) Training of military and civil medical and other units in response to a mock chemical attack on a sporting event. *''Operation TriPOD, TriPOD'' (2004) Plan to mass inoculate New York City citizens in the event of a biological attack.


Preventive counter-terrorist operations

*''Operation Active Endeavour, Active Endeavour'' —
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
naval forces in the Mediterranean. **''Operation Sirius, Sirius'' (2005) — Canadian military participation in Operation Active Endeavour. *''Operation Asparagus, Asparagus'' — Investigation and arrest into suspected Islamist terrorists in Belgium by Belgian police. *''Operation Atlas, Atlas'' (2003) — counter-terrorism initiatives implemented by the New York Police Department. *''Operation Crevice, Crevice'' (2004) — British counterterrorism action. *''Operation Green Quest, Green Quest'' (2001) — US Customs anti-money laundering operations targeting ''Al-Barakat'' transactions. *''Operation Kratos, Kratos'' (2002) — Development and implementation of "shoot-to-kill" anti-terrorist policies by the London Metropolitan Police. *''Operation Laverda, Laverda'' (2003) — London Metropolitan Police surveillance operations against Islamist demonstrations. *''Operation Liberty Shield, Liberty Shield'' (2003) — Department of Homeland Security operations to enhance security at US installations, and to detain selected foreign nationals. *''Operation NYShield, NYShield'' (2003) — New York (state), New York state plan to secure transport centres and nodes. *''Operation Safe Commerce, Safe Commerce'' (2004) — Implementation of new measures and technology to improve maritime cargo screening. *''Opération Sentinelle, Sentinelle'' (2015–present) — Deployment of military troops on French territory following terror attacks. *''Operation Vigilance, Vigilance'' (2001) — Counter-terrorist operations conducted by the state of Arizona.


Reactive counter-terrorist operations

*''Operation Alliance, Alliance'' (2002) — Australian and Indonesian joint investigations into the 2002 Bali bombings. *''Operation Bali Assist, Bali Assist'' (2002) — Australian evacuation of killed and injured foreign nationals from
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
after the 2002 Bali bombings. *''Operation Seal, Seal'' (2004) — Arrest of suspected Islamist militants in Spain following the Madrid train bombings. *''Operation Support, Support'' (September 11–14, 2001) — Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian Forces operations after the September 11, 2001 attacks *''Operation Tigris, Tigris'' (2004) — Spanish investigations into Islamist organisations in Spain. *''Operation Yellow Ribbon, Yellow Ribbon'' (2001) — Transport Canada's operations after the September 11, 2001 attacks


Other/Unknown

*''Operation Abacus, Abacus'' — Plan to use the Canadian Forces to maintain and restore vital public services in the event of disruption by the Year 2000 problem. *''Operation Artisan, Artisan'' — Canadian Forces contribution to the Rinas Airfield Rehabilitation Project in Tirana, Albania. *''Operation Breakwater, Breakwater

(2006) — Australian air and sea operation targeting border incursions by foreign fishing boats off its northern coastline. *''Operation Bright Star, Bright Star'' (1981) — American exercise to reinforce allies in the middle east. *''Operation Chaperon, Chaperon'' — Canada's contribution to the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
of one military observer to the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka, United Nation Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP). *''Operation Celesta, Celesta'' — Australian naval surveillance in Australia's southern waters against illegal fishing. *''Operation Cranberry, Cranberry'' — Australian naval surveillance in Australia's northern waters against smuggling and illegal fishing. *''Operation Eclipse, Eclipse'' — Deployment of Canadian soldiers to east Africa in support of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). *''Operation Flavius, Flavius'' (1988) — SAS action against the Irish Republican Army, IRA in Gibraltar. *''Operation Fusion, Fusion'' (2003) — Canada's combined contribution to ''Allied Harmony'' and ''Concordia''. *''Operation Garden Plot, Garden Plot'' — US Army plan for assistance to civil authorities. *''Opération Héphaïstos, Héphaïstos'' (1986–present) — French Army support to forest firefighting activities during summers. *''Operation Highjump, Highjump'' (1947) — US Naval expedition to Antarctica. *''Death of Osama bin Laden, Neptune Spear'' (2011) — US Navy SEALs operation that killed Osama bin Laden. *''Operation Nunalivut, Nunalivut'' (2006) — Canadian naval deployment in the Arctic. *''Operation Parabellum, Parabellum'' (2007) — Italian Mafia-Iraq arms deal investigation. *''Operation Power Geyser, Power Geyser'' (2005) — Military security support to the 2005 Presidential inauguration. *''Operation Prudence, Prudence'' (1999-1999) — Canada's participation in the Mission des Nations Unies dans la République Centrafricaine (MINURCA). *''Operation Relex, Relex'' (2001) — Australian defence force operations to secure Australia's northern maritime approaches against illegal immigration. Reactivated in 2004 as ''Operation Relex II''. *''Operation Sure Victory, Sure Victory'' (1997) — Sri Lankan counter-insurgency operations against the Tamil Tigers. *''Exercise Unified Spirit'' — Large NATO exercise held every two years to train the armed forces of member nations in joint and combined operations. *''Operation Vijay (1999), Operation Vijay'' (1999) — Indian operations against Pakistan during the Kargil war *"Operation Black Thunderstorm, Operation Tor Tander (Operation Black Thunderstorm)" (2009) — Pakistani military operation against Taliban terrorists and their affiliates. *"Operation Rah-e-Nijat, Operation Rah-e-Nijat (Operation Path to Salvation)" (2009) — Pakistani military operation against Taliban terrorists and their affiliates. *"Operation Rah-e-Rast, Operation Rah-e-Rast (Operation Right Path)" (2009–10) — Pakistani military operation against Taliban terrorists and their affiliates *"Operation Zarb-e-Azb, Operation Zarb-e-Azb (Operation Prophet's Sword)" (2014) — Pakistani military operation against Taliban terrorists and their affiliates. *"Operation Khyber, Operation Khyber 1,2,3,4 (Khyber 1,2,3,4)" (2014- 2017 continue) — Pakistani military operation in Khyber agency and surrounding areas against Taliban terrorists and their affiliates.


Law Enforcement


US Drug Enforcement Administration Operations


Other anti-narcotic operations

*''Operation Century, Century'' (1996) — ill-fated Essex police / Royal Ulster Constabulary operation to pressure persons of interest for information about a drug-related triple murder. *''Operation Corona, Corona'' (2001) — Miami police operations against heroin trafficking by the Latin Kings (gang), Latin Kings. *''Operation Falcon (Federal Dragnet), Falcon'' (2004) — anti-pedophilia raid against companies handling credit card payments. *''Operation Final Count, Final Count'' (2001) — Miami police operations against heroin trafficking by the John Aragon Heroin Organization. *''Operation Web Tryp, Web Tryp'' (2004) — American sting operation against sellers of psychedelics online. *''Operation Mocha, Mocha'' (2005) — New South Wales and federal police investigation into drug smuggling at Sydney airport. *''Operation Outta Towner, Outta Towner'' (2005) — Chicago police operations against heroin trafficking. *''Operation Panzer, Panzer'' (1998) — Australian National Crime Authority investigation into organised crime by outlaw motorcycle gangs (Outlaw motorcycle club, bikies). *''Operation Safe Streets, Safe Streets'' (2002) — Anti-drug trafficking operations by Philadelphia police. *''Operation Topaz, Topaz'' (2004) —
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
convened operations against drug-smuggling in Central Asia. *''Operation Bayonet (darknet), Operation Bayonet'' (2017) — Multinational effort to take down darknet site AlphaBay among others.


Anti-child pornography operations

*''Operation Auxin, Auxin'' (2004) — Australian anti-child pornography effort. *''Operation Pin, Pin'' (2003) — British-led anti-child pornography effort.


Operations against intellectual property theft

*''Operation Buccaneer, Buccaneer'' (2001) — International raid on unauthorized software distribution. *''Operation D-Elite, D-Elite'' (2005) — US raid on software infringement operations. *''Operation Fastlink, Fastlink'' (2004) — International operation against illegally copied computer software. *''Operation Site Down, Site Down'' (2005) — International effort against illegally distributed films.


Other operations

*''Operation Ill Wind, Ill Wind'' (1986–89) — FBI investigation into defense contractor bribery and fraud. *''Operation Fast Forward, Fast Forward'' (2005) — Mock evacuation of downtown Washington. *''Operation FALCON, Falcon'' (2005) — Widespread dragnet led by the United States Marshals Service. *''Project Gunrunner, Gunrunner'' (2005–present) — A United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) project to stop the flow of firearms into Mexico, to deprive drug cartels of weapons. **''ATF gunwalking scandal, Wide Receiver'' (2006-2008) — A failed sting operation in which ATF attempted allowed guns to travel to Mexico in an attempt to track them to drug lords. The plan failed, and most guns were lost as they moved into Mexico. **''ATF gunwalking scandal, Fast and Furious'' (2009-2011) — A similar operation that caused a scandal when guns allowed to "walk" were used in several violent crimes. *''Operation Jackdraw, Jackdraw'' (2004) — London Metropolitan Police operations to prevent and deter pickpocketing. *''Operation Last Call, Last Call'' (2005) Texas operation aimed against drunkenness in bars. *''Operation Midas, Midas'' (2003) — Australian anti-money laundering operations by AUSTRAC. *''Operation Midnight Jackal, Midnight Jackal'' (2009) Pakistani coup attempt *''Minstead rapist case, Minstead'' (1998) — Metropolitan police operation directed at a serial rapist. *''Operation Olympic Games, Olympic Games'' (2008) Joint Israeli/American software attack on Iranian nuclear facilities. *''Perseus'' (1998) — British Transit Police. *''Operation Purana, Purana'' (2003) — Investigation of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria's underworld. *''Operation Sundevil, Sundevil'' (1999) — Nationwide United States Secret Service crackdown on illegal computer hacking activities. *''1981 Brixton riot, Swamp 81'' (1981) Metropolitan police operation that may have sparked the 1981 Brixton riot, Brixton riots. *''Operation Trident (Metropolitan Police), Trident'' (1998) — Crackdown by London's Metropolitan Police against drug-related gun crime in the black community. Later expanded to Operation Trafalgar. *''Thermcon'' (1987) — FBI operation that targeted environmental activists. *''Opération Anaconda, Anaconda'' (2002-2008) — French Army operation against illegal gold mining in French Guiana. *''Opération Tassergal, Tassergal'' (2007) — French Army operation against illegal fishing in French Guiana waters. *''Opération Harpie, Harpie'' (2008-2016) — French Army operation against illegal gold mining. Successor of ''Opération Anaconda''. *Operation Temperer, Temperer (2017) British Prime Minister Theresa May deployed armed forces on city streets in response to the Manchester Arena attack, Manchester Arena Bombing and the subsequent raising of the terror threat level from 'Severe' to 'Critical'. *2019 college admissions bribery scandal, Varsity Blues (2019) FBI investigation into college admissions fraud


Humanitarian Operations

*''Operation Ezra and Nehemiah, Ezra and Nehemiah'' (aka ''Ali Baba'') (1950–1952) — Mass migration/airlift of Iraqi Jews from Iraq to Israel. *Central (1998) — Canada's assistance to Central America after the devastation of Hurricane Mitch. *''Operation Anode, Anode'' (2000) — Australian military contribution as part of the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands. *''Operation Assistance, Assistance'' (1997) — Canadian assistance to Manitoba after major flooding of the Red River of the North, Red River. *''Operation Hajji Baba, Hajji Baba'' (1952) — United States assistance to Hajj pilgrims. *''Operation Helpem Fren, Helpem Fren'' (2000) — Pidgin for ''helping friend'', multinational assistance to the Solomon Islands under the aegis of RAMSI. *Hawkeye (20 September 1989 - 17 November 1989) — Canada's assistance to St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands after the devastation of Hurricane Hugo. *''Operation Navy Help Darwin, Navy Help Darwin'' (1974) — Australian Naval assistance to Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin after Cyclone Tracy. *Pakistan Assist (2005) — Australian Defence Force humanitarian operations providing support after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. *Peregrine (2003) — British Columbia forest fire fighting assistance by soldiers. *Persistence (1998) — Canadian operation at Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia to recover bodies after crash of SwissAir Flight 111. *Pyramid (1996) — Victoria, British Columbia Canadian Army Reserve assistance by soldiers after heavy snowstorm (1 metre deep) in Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia. *''Operation Recuperation, Recuperation'' (1998) — Canadian assistance after major snowstorms in eastern Canada. *''Operation Sumatra Assist, Sumatra Assist'' (2005) — Australian Defence Force humanitarian operations following the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake. *Torrent (1999) — Canadian assistance after the 1999 İzmit earthquake in Turkey. *Lichi (2000) — South African rescue operations in
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after major flooding due to Cyclone Eline. *''2004 Indian Ocean earthquake'' **''Operation Tsunami Assist, Tsunami Assist'' **Sea Wave which included: ***Mother (mainland relief) ***Mandat (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) ***''Operation Rainbow (2004), Rainbow'' (Sri Lanka) ***Castor (Maldives) ***Ghambir (Indonesia) *Dorca (2004) — French assistance in
Darfur Darfur ( ; ar, دار فور, Dār Fūr, lit=Realm of the Fur) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju ( ar, دار داجو, Dār Dājū, links=no) while ruled by the Daju, ...
. *''Operation Unison, Unison'' (2005) — Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina.


Other

*Timeline of United States military operations *List of amphibious assault operations *Nuclear testing, List of Nuclear Tests *Project Daedalus (British Interplanetary Society study to create a plausible design for an interstellar probe) *Project Longshot *Project Jennifer 1974 CIA lifting of a sunken Soviet submarine *Project RAND *Project Vanguard *Norwegian military operations abroad


Non-military operations

*''Operation Bojinka, Bojinka'' — Terrorism, terrorist plot by al-Qaida members Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, foiled in 1995 *''Operation Clambake, Clambake'' — anti-Scientology *''Operation Red Dog, Red Dog'' — Foiled invasion of Dominica by Ku Klux Klan, KKK-aligned White supremacy, white-supremacist mercenaries


References


External links


Canadian Department of National Defence — Past OperationsWW2DB: List of Axis OperationsWW2DB: List of Allied Operations: عملية Operación Opération Operation 行动 Операция
A poem by Moez Surani comprising the names of military operations by member states of the United Nations from the founding of the UN to the present.


Bibliography

Conboy, Kenneth and James Morrison (1995). ''Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos''. Paladin Press. . {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Military Operations Military operations, * Lists of military operations, Operations