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UNMEE
The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) was established by the United Nations Security Council in July 2000 to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. First military troops Netherlands - Canadian battalion 'NECBAT' arrived and established bases in the region in December 2000. The mission was formally abandoned in July 2008 after experiencing serious difficulties in sustaining its troops due to fuel stoppages and after due consideration of remaining options. History On July 31, 2000, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1312 and established UNMEE. The mission was put in place in order to formally demarcate the border between the two countries. The border followed the route as declared by an international commission in The Hague but Ethiopia refused to accept the ruling, despite originally agreeing to binding arbitration. The mission maintained headquarters in Asmara (Eritrea), and Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and ...
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1640
United Nations Security Council resolution 1640, adopted unanimously on 23 November 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly United Nations Security Council Resolution 1622, Resolution 1622 (2005), the Council demanded that Eritrea lift restrictions on the movement of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). The resolution was passed after the Security Council threatened sanctions on both countries if war broke out. Ethiopian troops briefly breached the demilitarised zone and Eritrea dismissed the resolution as a reflection of "the narrow interests of [the world's] major powers". Resolution Observations In the preamble of the resolution, the Council expressed concern at the government of Eritrea, Eritrean government's decision to restrict the movement of UNMEE in Eritrea from 5 October 2005, and additional limitations on its freedom of movement that implications for UNMEE's ability to carry out its mand ...
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1312
United Nations Security Council resolution 1312, adopted unanimously on 31 July 2000, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and 1308 (2000), the council established the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) in anticipation of a peacekeeping operation subject to future authorisation. The security council praised the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) for facilitating a successful agreement on the cessation of hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Both countries had asked for United Nations assistance to implement the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement and the Secretary-General was to dispatch a reconnaissance and liaison team to the region. The resolution then established UNMEE consisting of up to 100 military observers and support staff for an initial period until 31 January 2001 in anticipation of a future peacekeeping mission under the following mandate: :(a) establish and maintain contact with the parti ...
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Eritrean–Ethiopian War
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War, also known as the Badme War, was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 1998 to June 2000. The war has its origins in a territorial dispute between the two states. After Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia, relations were initially friendly. However, disagreements about where the newly created international border should be caused relations to deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to full scale war. According to a 2005 ruling by an international commission, Eritrea broke international law and triggered the war by invading Ethiopia. By 2000, Ethiopia held all of the disputed territory and had advanced into Eritrea. The war officially came to an end with the signing of the Algiers Agreement in 12 December 2000; however, the ensuing border conflict would continue on for nearly two decades. Eritrea and Ethiopia both spent considerable amount of their revenue and wealth on the armament ahead of the wa ...
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Azouz Ennifar
Azouz Ennifar currently serves as Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). Ennifar has served as the Tunisian ambassador to Indonesia, Brazil and Italy, and was Chargé d'Affaires in the Tunisian embassy in Paris. He served Ambassador to the United States in 1994, with accreditation to Mexico and Venezuela. He was also a representative of the Tunisian Government at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Previously, Ennifar served at the Ministry of National Economy and was once the Managing Director of the Export Promotion Centre, a Government institution shaping Tunisia's foreign trade. He co-founded the non-profit organization Association des Études Internationales. He is a member of the Cosmos Club of Washington DC. References External links United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
1945 births Living people Ambassadors of Tunisia to Brazil Ambassadors of Tunisia to ...
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Mohammad Taisir Masadeh
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد;  570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclu ...
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Ethiopia And The United Nations
Ethiopia has been a member of the United Nations since June 26, 1945. The membership stipulated to prevent from external attacks and invasions and to maintain envisaged "collective security" despite the being ineffective and the League shortcomings following Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Italian invasion of the country in 1935. Since 1950s, Ethiopia dispatched its first peacekeeping forces to Korea and Congo and evolved in personnels after 1990s missions some African states. Currently, Ethiopia has 80,000 peacekeeping active forces. The UN largely covers development and humanitarian plan in Ethiopia. The UN Country Team (UNCT) composed of 28 UN funds representatives and programmes specialized agencies. Currently, Ethiopia is non- member of the UN Security Council with auspices of regional organizations like the African Union and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). History After World War I, Ethiopia was one of few independent African countries when it was accepted ...
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Territorial Disputes Of Ethiopia
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an administrative division is usually an area that is under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state. As a subdivision a territory is in most countries an organized division of an area that is controlled by a country but is not formally developed into, or incorporated into, a political unit of the country that is of equal status to other political units that may often be referred to by words such as "provinces" or "regions" or "states". In its narrower sense, it is "a geographic region, such as a colonial possession, that is dependent on an external government." Etymology The origins of the word "territory" begin with the Proto-Indo-European root ''ters'' ('to dry'). From this emerged the Latin word ''terra'' ('earth, land') and later the La ...
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Territorial Disputes Of Eritrea
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international relations, international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an administrative division is usually an area that is under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state. As a subdivision a territory is in most country, countries an organized division of an area that is controlled by a country but is not formally developed into, or incorporated into, a politics, political unit of the country that is of equal status to other political units that may often be referred to by words such as "provinces" or "regions" or "states". In its narrower sense, it is "a geographic region, such as a colonial possession, that is dependent on an external government." Etymology The origins of the word "territory" begin with the Proto-Indo-European root ''ters'' ('to dry'). From this emerged the Latin word ...
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Military Operations Involving India
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ...
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United Nations Security Council Mandates
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ...
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United Nations Operations In Africa
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ...
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Eritrea–Ethiopia Relations
Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia are historically adversarial. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after the Eritrean War of Independence, after which relations were cordial. Since independence Eritrea's relationship with Ethiopia was entirely political, especially in the resuscitation and expansion of IGAD's scope. However, the 1998 Eritrean–Ethiopian War marked a turning point, and their relationship became Eritrean-Ethiopian border conflict, increasingly hostile. Upon the selection of Abiy Ahmed as Ethiopian Prime Minister, a 2018 Eritrea-Ethiopia summit, peace agreement was forged, and ties between the neighbouring countries were re-established on 9 July 2018. The alliance between the two countries has been strengthened since then, with Eritrean troops reportedly assisting the Ethiopian Army in the Tigray War, Tigray Conflict in 2020. Country comparison Diplomatic-political relations History While Ethiopia remained independent during the colon ...
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