This is a list of names given to

wind Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hou ...

s local to specific regions.

Africa

Berg wind Berg wind (from Afrikaans ''berg'' "mountain" + ''wind'' "wind", i.e. a mountain wind) is the South African name for a katabatic wind: a hot dry wind blowing down the Great Escarpment from the high central plateau to the coast. Overview When ...

, a seasonal katabatic wind blowing down the

Great Escarpment The Great Escarpment is a major topographical feature in Africa that consists of steep slopes from the high central Southern African plateauAtlas of Southern Africa. (1984). p. 13. Reader's Digest Association, Cape Town downward in the directio ...

from the high central plateau to the coast in South Africa. * Cape Doctor, often persistent and dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer (September to March in the southern hemisphere). *

Haboob A haboob ( ar, هَبوب, lit=blasting/drifting, translit=habūb) is a type of intense dust storm carried on an atmospheric gravity current, also known as a weather front. Haboobs occur regularly in dry land area regions throughout the world. ...

, a sandstrome fast moving wind which causes cold temperature over the area from where it passes.It mainly passes through Sudan of Africa continent. *''

Harmattan The Harmattan is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind, of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the ...

'', a dry wind that blows from the northeast, bringing dust from the Sahara south toward the Gulf of Guinea. *''

Khamsin Khamsin, chamsin or hamsin ( ar, خمسين , meaning "fifty"), more commonly known in Egypt as khamaseen ( arz, خماسين , ), is a dry, hot, sandy local wind affecting Egypt and the Levant; similar winds, blowing in other parts of North ...

'' (''khamaseen'' in Egypt) and similar winds named ''Haboob'' in the Sudan, ''Aajej'' in southern Morocco, ''Ghibli'' in Libya and Tunisia, ''Harmattan'' in the western

Maghreb The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...

, ''Sirocco'', a south wind from the Sahara and ''

Simoom Simoom ( ar, سموم ''samūm''; from the root ''s-m-m'', "to poison") is a strong, hot, dry, dust-laden wind. The word is generally used to describe a local wind that blows in the Sahara, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and the des ...

'' in the Arabian Peninsula.

Asia

Central Asia

*''

Karaburan This is a list of names given to winds local to specific regions. Africa *Berg wind, a seasonal katabatic wind blowing down the Great Escarpment from the high central plateau to the coast in South Africa. *Cape Doctor, often persistent and dry sou ...

'' ("power storm") (a spring and winter

katabatic wind A katabatic wind (named from the Greek word κατάβασις ''katabasis'', meaning "descending") is a drainage wind, a wind that carries high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Such winds are sometim ...

of Central Asia) *''

Khazri ''Khazri'' ( az, Xəzri) is the name of the cold north Caspian Sea wind that blows across the Absheron Peninsula throughout the year, particularly in Baku. ''Khazri'' is a gale-force coastal wind and one of the prevailing winds In meteorology, ...

'' (cold, coastal gale-force wind of north

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

) *'' Sukhovey'' (hot dry wind in the steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts of the Kazakhstan and the Caspian region)

Eastern Asia

*'' Buran'' (a wind which blows across eastern Asia. It is also known as ''Purga'' when over the tundra) *'' Karakaze'' (strong cold mountain wind from

Gunma Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 km2 (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima ...

in Japan) *'' East Asian Monsoon'', known in Korea as ''jangma'' ( 장마), and in Japan as when advancing northwards in the spring and when retreating southwards in autumn. * (strong katabatic wind across the

Kanto Plain Kantō (Japanese) Kanto is a simplified spelling of , a Japanese word, only omitting the diacritics. In Japan Kantō may refer to: *Kantō Plain *Kantō region *Kantō-kai, organized crime group *Kanto (Pokémon), a geographical region in the ' ...

)

Northern Asia

*'' Barguzin wind'' (steady, strong wind on

Lake Baikal Lake Baikal (, russian: Oзеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal ); mn, Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Repu ...

in Russia) *'' Sarma'' (cold strong wind at the western shore of Lake Baikal)

Southeast Asia

*''

Amihan In the Philippines, ''Amihan'' refers to the season dominated by the trade winds, which are experienced in the Philippines as a ''cool northeast wind''. It is characterized by moderate temperatures, little or no rainfall in the central and west ...

'' (northeasterly wind across the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

) *' (southwesterly wind across the

)

Southern Asia

*'' Elephanta'' (strong southerly or southeasterly wind on the

Malabar coast The Malabar Coast is the southwestern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing m ...

of India) *'' Kalbaishakhi'' (local rain fall and thunder storm which occurs in

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and Bangladesh) *''

Kali Andhi Black storms, locally called Kali Andhi , Kali Nheri in South Asia ( hi, काली आँधी, pnb, , ur, , literal meaning: ''Black Storm'') are violent dust squalls that occur in the late-spring in the northwestern parts of the Indo-Gan ...

'' or simply ''Andhi'' (the violent dust squalls that occur before

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...

in the northwestern parts of the

Indo-Gangetic Plain The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, around half of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangla ...

region of the

Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

) *'' Loo'' (hot wind which blows over plains of

and

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

.) *''

Mango showers Mango showers is a colloquial term to describe the occurrence of pre-monsoon rainfall. Sometimes, these rains are referred to generically as ‘April rains’ or ‘Summer showers’. They are notable across much of South and Southeast Asia, inclu ...

'' (it is accompanied by

thunderstorm A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are someti ...

bringing rainfall to

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

Kerela :''This should not be confused with the Indian state Kerala.'' Kerela is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Dioila in the Koulikoro Region of southern Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣� ...

and parts of

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India ...

during months of March and April.) *'' Pachua'' (Westerlies) **''

Monsoon of South Asia The Monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons. It affects the Indian subcontinent, where it is one of the oldest and most anticipated weather phenomena and an economically important pattern every year fro ...

Western Asia

*''

Gilavar Gilavar is a name of the warm southern wind which blows across eastern Azerbaijan throughout the year, particularly in Baku and Shamakhi. Gilavar is one of the two main winds that dominates Baku, along with Khazri ''Khazri'' ( az, Xəzri) is the nam ...

'' (south wind in the

Absheron Peninsula The Absheron Peninsula ( az, Abşeron yarımadası) is a peninsula in Azerbaijan. It is the location of Baku, the biggest and the most populous city of the country, and also the Baku metropolitan area, with its satellite cities Sumqayit and Khyrd ...

of the

Azerbaijan Republic Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

) *''

N'aschi Nashi or ''n'aschi'' is a northeastern wind that occurs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf, and also on the Makran coast. It is probably associated with an outflow from the central Asiatic a ...

'' (northeastern wind on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, and on the Makran coast) *''Rashabar'' (or ''Rashaba'') ("black wind") (a strong wind in the

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, ...

of Iraq, particularly in

Sulaimaniya Sulaymaniyah, also spelled as Slemani ( ku, سلێمانی, Silêmanî, ar, السليمانية, as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, not far from the Iran–Iraq border. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Go ...

) *'' Shamal'' (a summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states) *'' Sharqi'' (seasonal dry, dusty Middle Eastern wind coming from the south and southeast) *''

'' (Samiel) (strong, dry, desert wind that blows in Israel, Jordan, Syria, and the desert of Arabia) *'' Wind of 120 days'' (a four-month-long hot and dry wind over the Sistan Basin in Iran and Afghanistan)

The Americas

Latin America and the Caribbean

Caribbean

* ''Alisio'' (easterly trade wind in the Caribbean) *'' Alize'' (northeasterly across central Africa and the Caribbean) *''

Bayamo Bayamo is the capital city of the Granma Province of Cuba and one of the largest cities in the Oriente region. Overview The community of Bayamo lies on a plain by the Bayamo River. It is affected by the violent Bayamo wind. One of the most ...

'' (violent wind on

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

's southern coast) *'' Brisote'' (the northeast trade wind when it is blowing more strongly than usual, in Cuba)

South America

*'' Abrolhos'' (squall near the Abrolhos Islands off the coast of eastern

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

) *'' Caju'' (stormy gale-force north-westerly in the Atlantic coast of Brazil) *''Nordeste'' (moderate wind from northwest in brazilian Northeast region) *'' Carpinteiro'' (strong southeasterly wind along the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil) *''Garua'', ''la garúa'', or ''garoa'' (dry winds hitting the lower western slopes of the Andes) *''

Minuano Minuano is a cold southwesterly wind that blows in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and in Uruguay. It has the same name of the indigenous Minuane people in the Portuguese language (in Spanish, the name of that people is ''Minuán' ...

'' (southern

) *''

Zonda wind Zonda wind ( es, viento zonda) is a regional term for the foehn wind that often occurs on the eastern slope of the Andes, in Argentina. Formation The Zonda is a dry wind (often carrying dust) which comes from the polar maritime air, warmed by des ...

'' (on the eastern slope of the Andes in Argentina) *'' Pampero'' (

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

and

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

), very strong wind that blows from the sea over the

Rio de la Plata Rio or Río is the Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Maltese word for "river". When spoken on its own, the word often means Rio de Janeiro, a major city in Brazil. Rio or Río may also refer to: Geography Brazil * Rio de Janeiro * Rio do Sul, a ...

into the

Pampa The Pampas (from the qu, pampa, meaning "plain") are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil ...

, generally accompanied with a thick line of squalls, with severe rains, hail and thunderstorm. *'' Puelche'' (on the western slope of the Andes in south-central Chile) *''

Sudestada Sudestada (''Southeast blow'') is the Argentinian name for a climatic phenomenon common to the Río de la Plata (an estuary formed by the combination of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River on the southeastern coastline of South America) and its ...

'', (strong offshore wind from the Southeast associated with most of the shipwrecks in Uruguay's Rio de la Plata coast) *''

Williwaw In meteorology, a williwaw (archaic spelling williwau) is a sudden blast of wind descending from a mountainous coast to the sea. The word is of unknown origin, but was earliest used by British seamen in the 19th century. The usage appears for wind ...

'' (strong, violent wind occurring in the

Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is considered the most important natural pass ...

, the

Aleutian Islands The Aleutian Islands (; ; ale, Unangam Tanangin,”Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi language, Chukchi ''aliat'', "island"), also called the Aleut Islands or Aleutic Islands and known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, are a cha ...

, and the coastal fjords of

Southeast Alaska Southeast Alaska, colloquially referred to as the Alaska(n) Panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part ...

)

Mexico

*'' Cordonazo'', also referred to as ''el cordonazo de San Francisco'' or the ''Lash of St Francis'' (southerly hurricane winds along the west coast of Mexico) *''

Coromuel The Coromuel wind is a weather phenomenon unique to the La Paz area of the Baja California peninsula and adjoining Gulf of California. Occurring primarily in the late spring and summer, it is a south to south-west wind that typically starts late ...

'' (south to south-west wind in the La Paz area of the Baja California peninsula and the Gulf of California) *'' Norte'' (strong cold northeasterly wind in Mexico)

Central America

*'' Papagayo'' (periodic wind which blows across Nicaragua and Costa Rica and out over the

Gulf of Papagayo The Gulf of Papagayo ( es, Golfo del Papagayo, meaning "gulf of the parrot") is a large body of water off Guanacaste province and the northwestern coast of Costa Rica. The Gulf and its coastline are part of a major tourism project by Costa Rica's ...

) *''

Tehuantepecer Tehuantepecer, or Tehuano wind, is a violent mountain-gap wind that travels through the Chivela Pass in southern Mexico, across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It is most common between October and February, with a summer minimum in July. It originat ...

'', or ''Tehuano wind'' (periodic wind which blows across the

Isthmus of Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec () is an isthmus in Mexico. It represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Before the opening of the Panama Canal, it was a major overland transport route known simply as the Te ...

in southern Mexico and out over the

Gulf of Tehuantepec Gulf of Tehuantepec () is a large body of water on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, southeastern Mexico, at . Many (but not all) Pacific hurricanes form in or near this body of water. A strong, gale-force wind called the Tehuan ...

)

North America

United States, Canada and Greenland

*''

Alberta Clipper An Alberta clipper, also known as an Alberta low, Alberta cyclone, Alberta lee cyclone, Canadian clipper, or simply clipper, is a fast-moving low-pressure system that originates in or near the Canadian province of Alberta just east of the Rocky ...

'' (fast-moving, frigid winter wind out of the central Canadian plains that swoops down across the U.S. Plains, Midwest and Great Lakes) *''

Brookings Effect Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber and Box Company, which founded the city in 1908. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,744. History F ...

'' (off-shore wind on the southwestern Oregon coast, United States; also known as the ''Chetco Effect'') *'' Chinook'' (warm dry westerly off the

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico in ...

) *'' Diablo'' (hot, dry, offshore wind from the northeast in the San Francisco bay) *'' The Hawk'' (cold winter wind in

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

) *''Jarbo Gap Wind'' (a locally named wind in Northern California's Jarbo Gap, often cited as contributing to the growth of local wildfires) *''

Montreal Express The Montreal Express was a member of the National Lacrosse League during the 2002 season. They played at the Molson Center in Montreal, Quebec. They were inactive during the 2003 and 2004 seasons. The team remained inactive and the franchise wa ...

'' (an arctic cold air mass that sweeps across New England sometimes as far as Massachusetts... the term seems to be regional to New England) *'' Nigeq'' (a strong wind from the east in

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

) *''

Nor'easter A nor'easter (also northeaster; see below), or an East Coast low is a synoptic-scale extratropical cyclone in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The name derives from the direction of the winds that blow from the northeast. The original use o ...

'' (strong storm with winds from the northeast on the north eastern coast of the United States (particularly

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

states) and the east coast of Canada (

Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (french: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising the provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec. The four provinces are New Brunswick, Newfoundlan ...

)) *''

Texas Norther A Blue Norther, also known as a Texas Norther, is a fast moving cold front marked by a rapid drop in temperature, strong winds, and dark blue or "black" skies. The cold front originates from the north, hence the "norther", and can send tempera ...

'' (fast-moving, stormy Arctic cold front that strikes Texas in winter, dropping freezing rain or sleet, a.k.a. Blue Norther because it sometimes appears as a low, blue, dense advancing cloud) *''

Piteraq A piteraq is a cold katabatic wind which originates on the Greenlandic icecap and sweeps down the east coast. The word "piteraq" means "that which attacks you" in the local language.Danish Meteorological InstituteThe Observed Climate of Greenland, 1 ...

'' (cold katabatic wind on the Greenlandic east coast) *'' Plough Wind'' (straight line wind which precedes thunderstorms or thunderstorm clusters) *''

Santa Ana winds The Santa Ana winds (sometimes devil winds) "Scholars who have looked into the name's origins generally agree that it derives from Santa Ana Canyon, the portal where the Santa Ana River -- as well as a congested Riverside (CA-91) Freeway -- leav ...

'' (dry downslope winds that affect coastal Southern California and northern Baja California) *''Santa Lucia winds'' (a downslope wind affecting southern San Luis Obispo and northern Santa Barbara Counties, California) *'' Squamish'' (strong, violent wind occurring in many of the

fjords In physical geography, a fjord or fiord () is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Icela ...

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

) *'' Les Suêtes'' (western

Cape Breton Highlands The Cape Breton Highlands (french: Plateau du Cap-Breton, gd, Àrd-thalamh Cheap Bhreatainn), commonly called the Highlands, refer to a highland or mountainous plateau across the northern part of Cape Breton Island in the Canadian province of N ...

) high speed southeasterly winds *'' Sundowner'', (strong offshore wind off the

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

coast) *''

Washoe Zephyr The Washoe Zephyr is a seasonal diurnal wind which occurs across western Nevada just east of the Sierra Nevada mountains. It blows primarily in the summer from mid afternoon until late in the evening from the west to southwest, becoming quite gust ...

'' (seasonal diurnal wind in parts of western Nevada) *''

'' (strong, violent wind occurring in the

, the

, and the coastal fjords of

) *''

Witch of November November gale, the Witch of November, or November Witch, refers to the strong winds that frequently blow across the Great Lakes in autumn. The "witches" are caused by intense low atmospheric pressure over the Great Lakes pulling cold Canadian/Arcti ...

'', or ''November Witch'' (strong winds blowing across the Great Lakes in autumn) *''

Wreckhouse Wreckhouse is a geographic location in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador that is well known for extremely high winds. Situated at the southern end of the Long Range Mountains at the western mouth of the Codroy Valley, the name ori ...

'' (strong downslope winds off the

Long Range Mountains The Long Range Mountains are a series of mountains along the west coast of the Canadian island of Newfoundland. The long range mountains form the northernmost section of the Appalachian mountain chain on the eastern seaboard of North Ameri ...

in south-western

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

)

Europe

*' (warm, föhn-type southeasterly wind in the Mediterranean

Languedoc The Province of Languedoc (; , ; oc, Lengadòc ) is a former province of France. Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately ...

region) *'' Bise'' (cold, northern wind in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

and northeastern wind in

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

) *'' Böhm'' (cold, dry wind in Central Europe) *'' Bora'' (northeasterly from eastern Europe to northeastern Italy and northwestern Balkans) *' (north wind which blows in the winter in south-central France) *''

Cers CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management) is a research and competence centre at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. The centre operates in conjunction with the department of marketing, and specialises in re ...

'' (strong, very dry northeasterly wind in the bas-

region in southern

) *'' Cierzo'' (cool north/northwesterly wind on Ebro Valley in Spain) *''

Crivăț ''Crivăț'' () is a north-easterly wind in Moldavia, Dobruja, and the Bărăgan Plain parts of Romania. In the winter, it blows at speeds of up to 30–35 m/s (108–126 km/h, 67-78 mph), creating blizzard A blizzard is a s ...

'' (strong, very cold north-easterly wind in Moldavia, Dobruja, and the Bărăgan Plain parts of Romania.) *''

Etesian The etesians ( or ; grc, ἐτησίαι, etēsiai, periodic winds; sometimes found in the Latin form etesiae), ''meltemia'' ( el, ετησίες,μελτέμια; pl. of meltemi), or meltem ( Turkish) are the strong, dry north winds of the Aegea ...

'' (Greek name) or ''Meltem'' (Turkish name) (northerly across Greece and Turkey) *''

Euroclydon Euroclydon (or in Latin: Euroaquilo) is a cyclonic tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean, mostly in autumn and winter. It is the modern Gregalia (Gregale) or Levanter. From the Ancient Greek word ''eurokludōn'' �ὐρο� ...

'' (a cyclonic tempestuous northeast wind in the Mediterranean) *''

Föhn A Foehn or Föhn (, , ), is a type of dry, relatively warm, downslope wind that occurs in the leeward, lee (downwind side) of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped m ...

'' or ''foehn'' (a warm, dry, southerly wind off the northern side of the Alps and

North Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...

. The name gave rise to the ''fén-fēng'' ( 焚風 'burning wind') of Taiwan). *''

Gregale The Gregale ( ca, Gregal, it, Grecale, , mt, Grigal, , el, Γραίγος, ''Graigos'') is a Mediterranean wind that can occur during times when a low-pressure area moves through the area to the south of Malta and causes a strong, cool, northea ...

'' (northeasterly from

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

) *''

Halny Halny is a foehn wind that blows in southern Poland and in Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains of the Carpathians. The most turbulent halny blows in Podhale region of southern Poland, coming from the south, down the slopes of the Tatra Mountains; in S ...

'' (in northern

Carpathians The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The ...

) *''

Helm Helm may refer to: Common meanings * a ship's steering mechanism; see tiller and ship's wheel * another term for helmsman * an archaic term for a helmet, used as armor Arts and entertainment * Matt Helm, a character created by Donald Hamilton * ...

'' (north-easterly wind in

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumb ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

) *'' Košava'' (strong and cold southeasterly season wind in Serbia) *''

Viento de Levante The levant ( ca, Llevant, it, Levante, mt, Lvant, el, Λεβάντες, es, Levante) is an easterly wind that blows in the western Mediterranean Sea and southern France, an example of mountain-gap wind. In Roussillon it is called "llevant" ...

'' or ''Levanter'' (easterly through Strait of

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

) *''

Leveche The libeccio (; Leveche ; sh, lebić ; ca, llebeig ; mt, Lbiċ; el, λίβας ; oc, labech ) ; el, γαρμπής, links=no ; it, garbino ; sh, garbin, links=no ; es, garbino, ; oc, garbin ). is the westerly or south-westerly wind wh ...

'' (Spanish name for a warm southwest wind in parts of coastal Mediterranean Spain) *''

Libeccio The libeccio (; Leveche ; sh, lebić ; ca, llebeig ; mt, Lbiċ; el, λίβας ; oc, labech ) ; el, γαρμπής, links=no ; it, garbino ; sh, garbin, links=no ; es, garbino, ; oc, garbin ). is the westerly or south-westerly wind wh ...

'' (southwesterly towards Italy) *''

Llevantades Gales from between north-north-east and east-north-east are the most important gales of the east coast of Spain. They are known locally as llevantades (in Catalan) and are an intense form of the llevant or levanter, i.e., north-easterly winds of l ...

'' (north-north-east and east-north-east on the east coast of Spain) *''

Lodos The lodos is the strong south-westerly wind which may predominate episodically in the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea as well as the Mediterranean coast of Turkey all the year round; it frequently raises high seas and may give violent westerly squalls. ...

'' (southwesterly towards

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. Strong "Lodos" events occur 6 - 7 times a year bringing 35 kt winds into

Marmara Sea The Sea of Marmara,; grc, Προποντίς, Προποντίδα, Propontís, Propontída also known as the Marmara Sea, is an inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey. It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the ...

. The winds are funnelled SE from the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

and through the

Dardanelles Strait The Dardanelles (; tr, Çanakkale Boğazı, lit=Strait of Çanakkale, el, Δαρδανέλλια, translit=Dardanéllia), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli from the Gallipoli peninsula or from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; ...

.) *''

Maestro Maestro (; from the Italian ''wikt:maestro#Italian, maestro'' , meaning "wikt:master, master" or "teacher") is an honorific title of respect (plural: maestros or maestri). The term is most commonly used in the context of Western classical music ...

'' (cold northerly in the

Adriatic sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to t ...

) *''

Marin Marin (French) or Marín (Spanish "sailor") may refer to: People * Marin (name), including a list of persons with the given name or surname * MaRin, in-game name of professional South Korean ''League of Legends'' player Jang Gyeong-hwan (born 19 ...

'' (south-easterly from Mediterranean to France) *''Meltemi'' μελτέμι (Greek), or ''meltem'' (Turkish) (

etesian The etesians ( or ; grc, ἐτησίαι, etēsiai, periodic winds; sometimes found in the Latin form etesiae), ''meltemia'' ( el, ετησίες,μελτέμια; pl. of meltemi), or meltem ( Turkish) are the strong, dry north winds of the Aegea ...

northerly across Greece, Turkey, and

Aegean sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek language, Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish language, Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It ...

) *''

Mistral Mistral may refer to: * Mistral (wind) in southern France and Sardinia Automobiles * Maserati Mistral, a Maserati grand tourer produced from 1963 until 1970 * Nissan Mistral, or Terrano II, a Nissan 4×4 produced from 1993 until 2006 * Microp ...

'' (cold northerly from central France and the Alps to Mediterranean) *'' Nordés'' (north-eastern wind in Galicia) *''

Ostro Ostro ( ca, Migjorn, hr, Oštro, el, Όστρια), or Austro, is a southerly wind in the Mediterranean Sea, especially the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic. Its name is Italian, derived from the Latin name ''Anemoi#Auster, Auster'', which also meant a s ...

'' (southerly wind in the

) *''

Poniente A west wind is a wind that originates in the west and blows in an eastward direction. Mythology and Literature In European tradition, it has usually been considered the mildest and most favorable of the directional winds. In Greek mythology, ...

'', ''ponente'', or ''ponent'' (strong west to east wind formed by the wind tunnel effect of the Gibraltar Strait; see Levante for the opposite) *''

Sirocco Sirocco ( ), scirocco, or, rarely, siroc (see below) is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season. Names ''Sirocco'' derives from ...

'' (southerly from north Africa to southern Europe) *'' Solano'' (south to south-easterly wind in the southern sector of Spain) *''

Tramontane Tramontane ( ) ; french: tramontane ; el, τραμουντάνα, tramountána, ; it, tramontana ; la, trānsmontānus ; mt, tramuntana ; sl, tramontana ; sh, tramontana ; es, link=no, tramontana . is a classical name for a northern wind ...

'' (cold northwesterly from the Pyrenees or northeasterly from the Alps to the Mediterranean, similar to Mistral) *'' Vendavel'' (westerly through the Strait of Gibraltar)

Oceania

*''

Black nor'easter A Black nor'easter is a persistent and potentially violent north-easterly storm that occurs on the east coast of Australia usually between late spring and early autumn, about two days a year (or more, depending on the intensity), although not a con ...

(violent north-easterly storm that occurs on the east coast of Australia usually between late spring and early autumn) *''

Brickfielder The Brickfielder is a hot and dry wind in Southern Australia that develops in the country's deserts in late spring and summer, which heavily raises temperatures in the southeast coast. Etymology The term name was recorded in early 19th century, ...

'' (hot and dry wind in Southern Australia) *''

Fremantle Doctor The Fremantle Doctor, the Freo Doctor, or simply The Doctor, is the Western Australian vernacular term for the cooling afternoon sea breeze that occurs during summer months in Southwest Australia, south west Coastal regions of Western Australia, ...

'' (afternoon sea breeze from the Indian Ocean which cools

Perth, Western Australia Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...

during summer) *''Kaimai Breeze'' (turbulent wind with strong downdrafts in the

Kaimai Range The Kaimai Range (sometimes referred to as the ''Kaimai Ranges'') is a mountain range in the North Island of New Zealand. It is part of a series of ranges, with the Coromandel Range to the north and the Mamaku Ranges to the south. The Kaimai Ra ...

of North Island, New Zealand) *''Kona'' (southeast wind in

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

, replacing

trade wind The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region. The trade winds blow mainly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisph ...

s, bringing high humidity and often rain)Malo, David (1903) ''Hawaiian antiquities (Moolelo Hawaii) '' Hawaiian Gazette Company, Honolulu, Hawaii
page 34
*'' Nor'wester'' (wind that brings rain to the West Coast, and warm dry winds to the East Coast of

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

South Island The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman ...

, caused by the moist prevailing winds being uplifted over the

Southern Alps The Southern Alps (; officially Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana) is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side. The name "Southern ...

, often accompanied by a distinctive arched cloud pattern) *''

Southeast Australian foehn The southeast Australian foehn is a westerly foehn wind and a rain shadow effect that usually occurs on the coastal plain of southern New South Wales, and as well as in eastern Victoria and eastern Tasmania, on the leeward side of the Great Divid ...

'' (a westerly föhn wind that affects southeastern Australia) *'' Southerly Buster'' (rapidly arriving low pressure cell that dramatically cools southeast Australian cities such as

Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...

and

Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...

during summer) *''

Warm Braw Warm Braw is a foehn wind in the Schouten Islands north of New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of P ...

'' (föhn wind in the Schouten Islands, north of New Guinea)

References

*{{webarchive , url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911221154/http://www.thecompetitionworld.com/2014/11/continent-wise-local-winds.html , date=11 September 2017 , title=Continent Wise Classification and Distribution of Local Winds