Fremantle Doctor
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Fremantle Doctor
The Fremantle Doctor, the Freo Doctor, or simply The Doctor, is the Western Australian vernacular term for the cooling afternoon sea breeze that occurs during summer months in Southwest Australia, south west Coastal regions of Western Australia, coastal areas of Western Australia. The sea breeze occurs because of the major temperature difference between the land and sea. The name was in use as early as the 1870s and was similar to equivalent terms for winds that occurred in South Africa and the West Indies. General trend During summer months, the Fremantle Doctor consistently blows from the southwest along the southern half of the west coast, starting between 10 am and 3 pm. It can penetrate as far inland as , reaching York, Western Australia, York in the early evening. In Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, the wind is named the Fremantle Doctor because it appears to come from the nearby coastal city of Fremantle, and it brings welcome relief from the summertime high ...
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Parmelia In Open Water
Parmelia may refer to: * Parmelia (barque), the vessel that in 1829 transported the first settlers of the British colony of Western Australia * Parmelia (fungus), ''Parmelia'' (fungus), a genus of lichens with global distribution * Parmelia, Western Australia, a suburb of Kwinana, Western Australia {{disambig ...
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Journal Of Coastal Research
The ''Journal of Coastal Research'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on coastal studies and processes. It was established in 1984 as ''Litoralia'', obtaining its current name in 1985. It is published by the Coastal Education and Research Foundation, whose president and executive director, Charles W. Finkl, is also the journal's editor-in-chief. The journal has been a member of BioOne since 2005. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 0.915, ranking it 193rd out of 229 journals in the category "Environmental Sciences". References External links * Bimonthly journals Publications established in 1984 Geography journals Environmental science journals ...
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Winds
Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail. Winds are commonly classified by their spatial scale, their speed and direction, the forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect. Winds have various asp ...
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Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp. The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the Swan River, upon which the city's central business district and port of Fremantle are situated. Perth is located on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk Noongar people, where Aboriginal Australians have lived for at least 45,000 years. Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. It was named after the city of Perth in Scotland, due to the influence of Stirling's patron Sir George Murray, who had connections with the area. It gained city stat ...
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Geoscience Australia
Geoscience Australia is an agency of the Australian Government. It carries out geoscientific research. The agency is the government's technical adviser on all aspects of geoscience, and custodian of the geographic and geological data and knowledge of the nation. On a user pays basis it produces geospatial products such as topographic maps and satellite imagery. It is also a major contributor to the Australian Government's free, open data collections such as data.gov.au. Strategic priorities The agency has six strategic priority areas: # building Australia's resource wealth in order to maximise benefits from Australia's minerals and energy resources, now and into the future; # ensuring Australia's community safety so that Australian communities are more resilient to natural hazards; # securing Australia's water resources in order to optimise and sustain the use of Australia's water resources; # managing Australia's marine jurisdictions in order to maximise benefits from the s ...
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The Sunday Times (Western Australia)
''The Sunday Times'' is a tabloid Sunday newspaper published by Western Press Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Seven West Media, in Perth and distributed throughout Western Australia. Founded as The West Australian Sunday Times, it was renamed The Sunday Times from 30 March 1902. Owned since 1955 by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp Australia and corporate predecessors, the newspaper and its website ''PerthNow'', were sold to Seven West Media in 2016.SWM finalises purchase of The Sunday Times
. '''', 8 November 2016, page 3


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Backdoor Cold Front
A backdoor cold front, or backdoor front, is a cold front moving south or southwest along the northeast of the East Coast of the United States, Atlantic seaboard in North America, particularly in the northeast U.S. and the Great Lakes. Typically occurring in spring, the front drives cool North Atlantic, Atlantic air from the east or northeast into northeastern US that supersedes the warmer continental air. The front is termed "backdoor" because it arrives from the east, meaning it originates from the opposite direction of a typical cold front and therefore comes through the region's "back door." Formation A backdoor cold front occurs when the clockwise motion around a high pressure system pulls in colder air toward the south and west of it. This is where a synoptic wind motion creates a wind flow from the cool North Atlantic Ocean that brings in the backdoor front. A cold front, however, approaches from the north, northwest or west, and its wind direction will generally be from thos ...
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Cape Doctor
"Cape Doctor" is the local name for the strong, often persistent and dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer (September to March in the southern hemisphere). It is known as the Cape Doctor because of a local belief that it clears Cape Town of pollution and 'pestilence'. Background Although the wind blows over a wide area of the Western Cape, Western Cape Province, it is notorious especially in and around the Cape Peninsula, where it can be unpleasantly strong and irritating. Capetonians also call it "the South-Easter". The South Easter is usually accompanied by fair weather. However, if the South-Easter is accompanied by a cut-off low as occasionally happens in the spring and autumn months, this can cause heavy rains to fall over the Western Cape.SOUTH EASTER
, CUSTOMWEATHER,INC This p ...
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Bureau Of Meteorology (Australia)
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together the state meteorological services that existed before then. The states officially transferred their weather recording responsibilities to the Bureau of Meteorology on 1 January 1908. History The Bureau of Meteorology was established on 1 January 1908 following the passage of the ''Meteorology Act 1906''. Prior to Federation in 1901, each colony had had its own meteorological service, with all but two colonies also having a subsection devoted to astronomy. In August 1905, federal home affairs minister Littleton Groom surveyed state governments for their willingness to cede control, finding South Australia and Victoria unwilling. However, at a ministerial conference in April 1906 the state governments agreed to transfer responsibility for m ...
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Wind Rose
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the compass rose (found on charts), as there was no differentiation between a cardinal direction and the wind which blew from such a direction. Using a polar coordinate system of gridding, the frequency of winds over a time period is plotted by wind direction, with colour bands showing wind speed ranges. The direction of the longest spoke shows the wind direction with the greatest frequency. History Before the development of the compass rose, a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds (and sometimes 8 half-winds and 16 quarter-winds) blew within the plan view. No differentiation was made between cardinal directions and the winds which blew from those directions. North was depicted with a fleur de lis, while east w ...
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Coriolis Effect
In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the left of the motion of the object. In one with anticlockwise (or counterclockwise) rotation, the force acts to the right. Deflection of an object due to the Coriolis force is called the Coriolis effect. Though recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, in connection with the theory of water wheels. Early in the 20th century, the term ''Coriolis force'' began to be used in connection with meteorology. Newton's laws of motion describe the motion of an object in an inertial (non-accelerating) frame of reference. When Newton's laws are transformed to a rotating frame of reference, the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations appe ...
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