Bouchot - Le general Bonaparte au Conseil des Cinq-Cents

coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...

, often abbreviated to ''coup'', is the overthrow of a lawful government through illegal means. If force or violence are not involved, such an event is sometimes called a soft or bloodless coup. In another variation, a ruler who came to power through legal means may try to stay in power through illegal means, thus preventing the next legal ruler from taking power. These events are called

self coup A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless ...

s. This is a chronological list of such coups and coup attempts, from ancient times to the present.

BCE

*876, Kingdom of Israel: Zimri, a military commander of Israel, killed

King Elah Elah ( he, אֵלָה ''’Ēlā''; el, Ἠλά; la, Ela) was the fourth king of Israel, the son and successor of Baasha. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 877–876 BCE, while E. R. Thiele offers the dates 886–885 BCE.Edwin Thiele ...

and became king himself. Soon after, he committed suicide to avoid being overthrown by his own commander,

Omri Omri ( ; he, , ''‘Omrī''; akk, 𒄷𒌝𒊑𒄿 ''Ḫûmrî'' 'ḫu-um-ri-i'' fl. 9th century BC) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the sixth king of Israel. He was a successful military campaigner who extended the northern kingdom of ...

. *860,

Qi coup d'état of 860 BC In course of the Qi coup d'état of 860 BC Duke Hu of Qi was overthrown and killed by a rebel faction, led by his half-brother Shan. As Hu had been appointed and supported by the Zhou dynasty, the coup led to a royal punitive expedition that fail ...

in Qi:

Duke Hu of Qi Duke Hu of Qi (; reigned 9th century BC) was the sixth recorded ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Qi during the Western Zhou Dynasty. His personal name was Lü Jing (呂靜), ancestral name Jiang ( 姜), and Duke Hu was his posthumous title. ...

was overthrown by his half-brother Shan. *841, Kingdom of Israel:

Jehu ) as depicted on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III , succession = King of Northern Israel , reign = c. 841–814 BCE , coronation = Ramoth-Gilead, Israel , birth_date = c. 882 BCE , death_date = c. 814 BCE , burial_place = ...

killed

Jehoram of Israel Jehoram ( ''Yəhōrām''; also Joram) was the ninth king of the northern Kingdom of Israel ( 2 Kings 8:16, 2 Kings 8:25–28). He was the son of Ahab and Jezebel, and brother to Ahaziah and Athaliah. According to 2 Kings, 2 Kings 8:16, in t ...

and

Ahaziah of Judah Ahaziah ( he, אֲחַזְיָהוּ, "held by Yah(-weh)"; Douay–Rheims: Ochozias) was the name of two kings mentioned in the Hebrew Bible: *Ahaziah of Israel *Ahaziah of Judah Ahaziah ( he, אֲחַזְיָהוּ, "held by Yah(-weh)"; Douay– ...

, and became king of Israel. *730,

Kingdom of Judah The Kingdom of Judah ( he, , ''Yəhūdā''; akk, 𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 ''Ya'údâ'' 'ia-ú-da-a-a'' arc, 𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤃 ''Bēyt Dāwīḏ'', " House of David") was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Ce ...

: There was a failed coup attempt by Rezin of Aram-Damascus and Pekah of Israel to try to overthrow Ahaz of Judah and the House of David and to replace him with

Ben Tav'el Ben is frequently used as a shortened version of the given names Benjamin, Benedict, Bennett or Benson, and is also a given name in its own right. Ben (in he, בֶּן, ''son of'') forms part of Hebrew surnames, e.g. Abraham ben Abraham ( he ...

. *716,

Lydia Lydia (Lydian language, Lydian: ‎𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣𐤠, ''Śfarda''; Aramaic: ''Lydia''; el, Λυδία, ''Lȳdíā''; tr, Lidya) was an Iron Age Monarchy, kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the mod ...

: King Candaules of Lydia was killed by his bodyguard, Gyges, who then assumed the throne, having conspired with Candaules's wife. *632,

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

: A coup attempt failed in Athens, by Cylon who attempted to establish himself as a tyrant. *522,

Murder of the Magi Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the c ...

in the

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

Bardiya Bardiya or Smerdis ( peo, 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 ; grc, Σμέρδις ; possibly died 522 BC), also named as Tanyoxarces ( grc, Τανυοξάρκης ) by Ctesias, was a son of Cyrus the Great and the younger brother of Cambyses II, both ...

was assassinated in a conspiracy led by

Otanes Otanes (Old Persian: ''Utāna'', grc-gre, Ὀτάνης) is a name given to several figures that appear in the ''Histories'' of Herodotus. One or more of these figures may be the same person. In the ''Histories'' Otanes, son of Pharnaspes He ...

, leading to the accession of

Darius the Great Darius I ( peo, 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ; grc-gre, Δαρεῖος ; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his d ...

of the

Achaemenid Dynasty The Achaemenid dynasty ( Old Persian: ; Persian: ; Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ) was an ancient Persian royal dynasty that ruled the Achaemenid Empire, an Iranian empire that stretched from Egypt and Southeastern Europe in the west to the In ...

. *509,

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

: Members of the Tarquin dynasty led by

Lucius Junius Brutus Lucius Junius Brutus ( 6th century BC) was the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic, and traditionally one of its first consuls in 509 BC. He was reputedly responsible for the expulsion of his uncle the Roman king Tarquinius Superbus after ...

overthrew

King of Rome The king of Rome ( la, rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 509 ...

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning 25 years until the popular uprising that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.Livy, ''ab urbe condita libri'', I He is commonly known ...

and established the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...

. *411, Athens: A coup at Athens, led by

Antiphon An antiphon (Greek ἀντίφωνον, ἀντί "opposite" and φωνή "voice") is a short chant in Christian ritual, sung as a refrain. The texts of antiphons are the Psalms. Their form was favored by St Ambrose and they feature prominently ...

, established a short-lived oligarchy known as The Four Hundred. *404, Athens: A coup at Athens, led by

Critias Critias (; grc-gre, Κριτίας, ''Kritias''; c. 460 – 403 BC) was an ancient Athenian political figure and author. Born in Athens, Critias was the son of Callaeschrus and a first cousin of Plato's mother Perictione. He became a leading ...

, established the short-lived pro-

Sparta Sparta ( Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, ''Spártā''; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, ''Spártē'') was a prominent city-state in Laconia, in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referre ...

n oligarchy known as the

Thirty Tyrants The Thirty Tyrants ( grc, οἱ τριάκοντα τύραννοι, ''hoi triákonta týrannoi'') were a pro-Spartan oligarchy installed in Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Upon Lysander's request, the Thirty were elec ...

. *209,

Xiongnu Empire The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 ...

: The Xiongnu Emperor

Modu Chanyu Modu, Maodun, Modun (, from Old Chinese (220 B.C.E.): *''mouᴴ-tuən'' or *''mək-tuən'', c. 234 – c. 174 BCE) was the son of Touman and the founder of the empire of the Xiongnu. He came to power by ordering his men to kill his father in 209 B ...

overthrew his father

Touman Touman ( zh, 頭曼), from Old Chinese (220 B.C.E.): *''do-mɑnᴬ'', is the earliest named leader (''chanyu'') of the Xiongnu, reigning from . Life Competing with the Xiongnu for supremacy were the ''Dōnghú'' (東胡) or 'Eastern Barbarian ...

and killed his rival half-brother. *185,

Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire, or the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in the Indian subcontinent based in Magadha, having been founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, and existing in loose-knit fashion until 1 ...

: There was a coup in the Maurya Empire, which controlled much of present Indian territory, by Mauryan General

Pushyamitra Shunga Pushyamitra Shunga (IAST: ) or Pushpamitra Shunga (IAST: ) (ruled ) was the co-founder and the first or second ruler of the Shunga Empire which he and Gopāla established against the Maurya Empire. His original name was Puṣpaka or Puṣpami ...

. *88, Rome:

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (; 138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force. Sulla had t ...

occupied Rome and outlawed his enemy,

Gaius Marius Gaius Marius (; – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important refor ...

. *82, Rome: In

Sulla's civil war Sulla's civil war was fought between the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his opponents, the Cinna-Marius faction (usually called the Marians or the Cinnans after their former leaders Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna), in the ye ...

Sulla Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (; 138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force. Sulla had ...

again marched on Rome, removed

Gaius Marius the Younger Gaius Marius "the Younger" (c. 110 – 82 BC) was a Roman republican general and politician who became consul in 82 BC with Papirius Carbo. He fought in Sulla's civil war. He committed suicide that same year at Praeneste, after his defeat by S ...

, and proclaimed himself as

Roman dictator A Roman dictator was an extraordinary Roman magistrate, magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned. He received the full powers of the state, subordinating the other ...

. *63, Rome: In the

Catiline conspiracy The Catilinarian conspiracy (sometimes Second Catilinarian conspiracy) was an attempted coup d'état by Lucius Sergius Catilina (Catiline) to overthrow the Roman consuls of 63 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida – an ...

Lucius Sergius Catilina Lucius Sergius Catilina ( 108 BC – January 62 BC), known in English as Catiline (), was a Roman politician and soldier. He is best known for instigating the Catilinarian conspiracy, a failed attempt to violently seize control of the R ...

plotted to overthrow the consulship of

Marcus Tullius Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the estab ...

and

Gaius Antonius Hybrida Gaius Antonius Hybrida (flourished 1st century BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. He was the second son of Marcus Antonius and brother of Marcus Antonius Creticus; his mother is unknown. He was also the uncle of the famed triumvir Mark ...

, but the plan was discovered. *49, Rome:

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

, heading part of the

Roman army The Roman army (Latin: ) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC–395 AD), and its medieval contin ...

, illegally crossed the Rubicon and marched on Rome. After assuming control of government, he was proclaimed "

dictator A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in times ...

in perpetuity". *44, Rome: On the

Ides of March The Ides of March (; la, Idus Martiae, Late Latin: ) is the 74th day in the Roman calendar, corresponding to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable in Rome as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became ...

was

assassinated Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have a ...

by members of the

Roman Senate The Roman Senate ( la, Senātus Rōmānus) was a governing and advisory assembly in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in ...

. The conspirators did not gain control of the

, instead, power eventually passed to the

Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power. It was formally constituted by law on 27 November 43 BC with a ...

of Caesar supporters.

1–999

Balami - Tarikhnama - Abu'l-'Abbas al-Saffah is proclaimed the first 'Abbasid Caliph (cropped)

*41, Rome: Roman Emperor

Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula (), was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the popular Roman general Germanicu ...

was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the

Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard (Latin: ''cohortēs praetōriae'') was a unit of the Imperial Roman army that served as personal bodyguards and intelligence agents for the Roman emperors. During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guard were an escort fo ...

, senators, and courtiers, though the conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the

was thwarted. *65,

Pisonian conspiracy The conspiracy of Gaius Calpurnius Piso in AD 65 was a in the reign of the Roman emperor Nero (reign 54–68). The plot reflected the growing discontent among the ruling class of the Roman state with Nero's increasingly despotic leadership, a ...

in Rome: Gaius Calpurnius Piso plotted to have Roman Emperor

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 un ...

assassinated, but the plan was discovered. *69, Rome: Following Roman Emperor Nero's death, several complots lead to the

year of the Four Emperors The Year of the Four Emperors, AD 69, was the first civil war of the Roman Empire, during which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. It is considered an important interval, marking the transition from the ...

. *189,

Eastern Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...

(China): The Ten Eunuchs of Later Han Dynasty were murdered by troops led by

Yuan Shao Yuan Shao (, ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred to ...

and

Yuan Shu Yuan Shu () (died July or August 199), courtesy name Gonglu, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han central government in 189 ...

;

Dong Zhuo Dong Zhuo () (died 22 May 192), courtesy name Zhongying, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. At the end of the reign of the Eastern Han, Dong Zhuo was a general and powerful minist ...

took over the government by force. *249,

Incident at Gaoping Tombs The Incident at the Gaoping Tombs was a ''coup d'état'' that took place on 5 February 249 in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. The parties involved were Sima Yi and Cao Shuang, who were both regents for ...

Cao Wei Wei ( Hanzi: 魏; pinyin: ''Wèi'' <

Middle Chinese

: *''ŋjwei^C'' <

(ancient China):

Cao Shuang Cao Shuang (died 9 February 249), courtesy name Zhaobo, was a Chinese military general and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of Cao Zhen, a prominent general of Wei. He initially held ...

was captured and executed by the Sima house (

Sima Yi Sima Yi ( ; 179 CE – 7 September 251 CE), courtesy name Zhongda, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He formally began his political career in 208 un ...

Sima Zhao Sima Zhao () (211 – 6 September 265), courtesy name Zishang, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Sima Zhao capably maintained control of Wei, which had been ...

, and

Sima Shi Sima Shi () (208 – 23 March 255), courtesy name Ziyuan, was a military general and regent of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. In 249, he assisted his father Sima Yi in overthrowing the emperor Cao Fang's regent Cao Shuang, all ...

). *378,

Tikal Tikal () (''Tik’al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archeological sites and urban centers of the pre-Co ...

: King Chak Tok Ich'aak of Tikal was assassinated in a

Teotihuacan Teotihuacan (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Teotihuacán'') (; ) is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, northeast of modern-day Mexico City. Teotihuacan is ...

-backed coup. *498,

Yamato Province was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Yamato" in . It was also called . Yamato consists of two characters, 大 "great", and 和 " Wa". At first, the ...

: Ōomi

Heguri no Matori was a Japanese court minister of rank during the Kofun period, who was able to briefly usurp the throne of Japan in a coup attempt. He was the son of Heguri no Tsuka, and served in the administration of Emperor Yūryaku and Emperor Ninken. Acc ...

usurped

Yamato Japan The is the period of Japanese history when the Imperial court ruled from modern-day Nara Prefecture, then known as Yamato Province. While conventionally assigned to the period 250–710, including both the Kofun period (–538) and the Asuka ...

's government upon the death of the (Great Chieftain, now known as Emperor) Ninken. Matori was killed by Otomo no Kanamura. *552,

Rouran Khaganate The Rouran Khaganate, also Juan-Juan Khaganate (), was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin.*Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000)"Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organizatio ...

Bumin Qaghan Bumin Qaghan ( otk, 𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Bumïn qaγan, also known as Illig Qaghan (Chinese: 伊利可汗, Pinyin: Yīlì Kèhán, Wade–Giles: i-li k'o-han) or Yamï Qaghan ( otk, 𐰖𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Yаmï qaγan, died 552 AD ...

overthrew the Rouran Khaganate and declared the

Turkic Khaganate The Göktürks founded two major khanates known as the Turkic Khaganate: * First Turkic Khaganate, which then fractured into ** Western Turkic Khaganate ** Eastern Turkic Khaganate * Second Turkic Khaganate See also * Turkic khanate * List of Tur ...

. *602,

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

Maurice Maurice may refer to: People *Saint Maurice (died 287), Roman legionary and Christian martyr *Maurice (emperor) or Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus (539–602), Byzantine emperor * Maurice (bishop of London) (died 1107), Lord Chancellor and L ...

Emperor of the Byzantine Empire This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as le ...

, was deposed by a conspiracy of the

Balkan The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

army, which was led by a Thracian

junior officer Junior officer, company officer or company grade officer refers to the lowest operational Officer (armed forces), commissioned officer category of ranks in a military or paramilitary organization, ranking above non-commissioned officers and below ...

named Flavius Phocas and Maurice's seven sons. Most of the pro-Maurice government officials and generals were executed along with him (excepting

Priscus Priscus of Panium (; el, Πρίσκος; 410s AD/420s AD-after 472 AD) was a 5th-century Eastern Roman diplomat and Greek historian and rhetorician (or sophist)...: "For information about Attila, his court and the organization of life generall ...

and

Philippicus Philippicus ( la, Filepicus; el, Φιλιππικός, Philippikós) was Byzantine emperor from 711 to 713. He took power in a coup against the unpopular emperor Justinian II, and was deposed in a similarly violent manner nineteen months later. ...

), and Phocas was acclaimed emperor in the church of St. John the Baptist. *610,

Heraclian revolt The Exarch of Africa Heraclius the Elder and his namesake son Heraclius the Younger began a rebellion against the Byzantine emperor Phocas in 608. In October 610, Heraclius the Younger reached Constantinople, executed Phocas, and was proclaimed a ...

in the Byzantine Empire: The same Phocas who had deposed Maurice eight years earlier was deposed by a conspiracy led by the generals

, his son-in-law, and

Heraclius the Elder Heraclius the Elder ( el, Ἡράκλειος, ''Herákleios''; died 610) was a Byzantine general and the father of Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641). Generally considered to be of Armenian origin Heraclius the Elder distinguished hims ...

, the governor of north Africa. The exarch's son, Heraclius the Younger, deposed Phocas with the help of his cousin Niketas. *626,

Xuanwu Gate Incident The Xuanwu Gate Incident was a palace coup for the throne of the Tang dynasty on 2 July 626, when Prince Li Shimin (Prince of Qin) and his followers assassinated Crown Prince Li Jiancheng and Prince Li Yuanji (Prince of Qi). Li Shimin, the secon ...

in the Tang Empire (China): On 2 July, Prince

Li Shimin Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty ...

and his close followers killed Crown Prince

Li Jiancheng Li Jiancheng (; 589 – July 2, 626, formally Crown Prince Yin (, literally, "the hidden crown prince"), nickname Vaishravana (; Sanskrit: Vaiśravaṇa), was the first crown prince of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. He was the oldest son of the found ...

and Prince

Li Yuanji Li Yuanji (李元吉) (603 – 2 July 626The date of the incident at Xuanwu Gate was the fourth day of the sixth month of the ''Wude'' era, which translates to July 2, 626, according to the Academia Sinicabr>), formally Prince La of Chao (巢剌� ...

before taking complete control of the

Tang Tang or TANG most often refers to: * Tang dynasty * Tang (drink mix) Tang or TANG may also refer to: Chinese states and dynasties * Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...

government from Emperor Gaozu. *642,

Goguryeo Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...

Yeon Gaesomun Yeon GaesomunSome Chinese and Korean sources stated that his surname was Yeongae () and personal name was Somun (), but the majority of sources suggest a one-syllable surname and a three-syllable personal name. (594–666) was a powerful militar ...

of Goguryeo led a military coup that killed King Yeongryu and installed King Bojang as a puppet under military rule. *680,

Visigothic Kingdom The Visigothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of the Goths ( la, Regnum Gothorum), was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic peoples, Germanic su ...

King Wamba Wamba (Medieval Latin: ''VVamba, Vamba, Wamba''; 643 – 687/688) was the king of the Visigoths from 672 to 680. During his reign, the Visigothic kingdom encompassed all of Hispania and part of southern Gaul known as Septimania. According to He ...

of the

Visigoths The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is ...

was drugged,

tonsure Tonsure () is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word ' (meaning "clipping" or "shearing") and referred to a specific practice in ...

d, and dressed in a monk's cloak, so he would be considered an ordained man and hence he could not reign. *717,

Second Turkic Khaganate The Second Turkic Khaganate ( otk, 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰃𐰠, Türük el, State of the Turks, , known as ''Turk Bilge Qaghan country'' ( otk, 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰝:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰃𐰠𐰭𐰀, Türük Bilgä Qaγan eli) in Bai ...

Inel Qaghan Inäl Qaγan ( otk, 𐰃𐰤𐰠:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Inel Qaγan, zh, , c=, s=, t=拓西可汗, p=Tuoxīkèhán) was the third khagan of Second Turkic Khaganate. During Qapγan's reign He actively participated in his father's campaigns. He became les ...

of Second Turkic Khaganate was dethroned and later killed by

Bilge Kaghan Bilge Qaghan ( otk, 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Bilgä Qaγan; ; 683 – 25 November 734) was the fourth Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate. His accomplishments were described in the Orkhon inscriptions. Names As was the custom, his ...

's brother

Kül Tigin Kul Tigin ( otk, 𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤, Kültegin zh, wikt:闕, 闕wikt:特, 特wikt:勒, 勤, Pinyin: Quètèqín, Wade-Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, Xiao'erjing: ٿُؤ تْ ٿٍ, AD 684–731) was a general and a Tegin, prince of the Se ...

. *742, Second Turkic Khaganate:

Ashina Shi Alp Bilge Qağan () or Eletmiş Qağan () — was a Basmyl chief who rebelled and brought Second Turkic Khaganate to an end. Reign His personal name was Ashina Shi (阿史那施) was a grandson of Ashina Duoxifu (阿史那咄悉匐), thus a gra ...

usurped the Second Turkic Khaganate throne after killing three of his rivals. *751,

Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...

Abu Muslim Khorasani , image = Abu Muslim chastises a man for telling tales, Folio from the Ethics of Nasir (Akhlaq-e Nasiri) by Nasir al-Din Tusi (fol. 248r).jpg , caption = "Abu Muslim chastises a man for telling tales," Folio from the '' ...

stormed

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

and massacred the ruling

Banu Umayyad Umayyad dynasty ( ar, بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, Banū Umayya, Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads ( ar, الأمويون, al-Umawiyyūn) were the ruling family of the Umayyad Caliphate, Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of Al-Andalus between 7 ...

family.

As-Saffah Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Saffāḥ ( ar, أبو العباس عبد الله بن محمد السفّاح‎; 721/722 – 8 June 754, al-Anbar) usually known as Abūʾl-ʿAbbās as-Saffāḥ or simply by his laqab As-S ...

became the first ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate. *839,

Silla Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of K ...

Jang Bogo Jang Bogo (787–841), childhood name: Gungbok, was a Sillan who rose to prominence in the Later Silla period of Korea as a powerful maritime figure who effectively controlled the Yellow Sea (West Sea), and dominated the trade between Silla, He ...

overthrew King Minae and installed

King Sinmu Sinmu of Silla (r. 839, died 839) (born Ujing) was the 45th monarch of the Korean kingdom of Silla. His reign was the briefest in the state's history, lasting only from the fourth to the seventh lunar month of 839. Sinmu was the son of the ''Sa ...

on the throne.

1000–1699

*1010,

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificati ...

: General

Gang Jo Gang Jo (, 964 – 31 December 1010) was a Goryeo general who came from the noble family in Sincheon, Hwanghae-do and served under King Mokjong of Goryeo and King Hyeonjong of Goryeo. General Gang Jo was a general in charge of the Northern bor ...

of Goryeo staged a coup that overthrew King Mokjong. *1126, Goryeo:

Yi Ja-gyeom Yi Ja-gyeom (died 19 January 1127) of the Incheon Yi clan, was a Korean politician, soldier, regent, and poet in the middle Goryeo dynasty. In 1122, he became the Duke Hanyang (한양공, 漢陽公) and the Duke of Joseon State (조선국공, 朝� ...

of Goryeo made a failed attempt to overthrow King Injong. *1170, Goryeo: General

Jeong Jung-bu Jeong Jung-bu (1106 – 18 October 1179) was a medieval Korean soldier and military dictator during the Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392). He was a career soldier, qualified on military part of civil service examination. He was most noted for leading ...

of Goryeo led a military coup that deposed King Uijong and installed puppet king Myeongjong under military regime. *1197, Goryeo:

Choe Chung-heon Choe Chung-heon (1149 – 29 October 1219) was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period. Choe's father was a Grand General in the Goryeo military, hence precipitating his own entry into the military. Choe witnessed military men become ...

of Goryeo staged a military coup that ousted and killed military dictator Yi Ui-Min, and deposed King Myeongjong. *1258, Goryeo: General

Kim Jun Kim Jun (? - 1268) also known as Kim In-kun was the ninth military leader who ruled during the late period of the Goryeo military regime. Biography His father was Kim Yun-Seong, a slave who betrayed his master, Choe Chung-Heon and fight with M ...

overthrew and killed then-military dictator

Choe Ui Choe Ui (1233 – 1258) (최의) was the fourth and last Choe dictator of the Ubong Choe Military regime. Biography When he was born in 1233, his father was a monk. In 1257, Choe Ui became military leader of Goryeo after his father's death. He ...

. *1284,

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, ...

: The Ilkhanate ruler

Tekuder Ahmed Tekuder ( Mongolian: ''Tegülder'', meaning “perfect”; fa, تکودر) (c.1246 10 August 1284), also known as Sultan Ahmad (reigned 1282–1284), was the sultan of the Persian-based Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was ...

was overthrown by

Arghun Arghun Khan (Mongolian Cyrillic: ''Аргун хан''; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a dev ...

. *1327,

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

Isabella of France Isabella of France ( – 22 August 1358), sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France (), was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving ...

overthrew her husband,

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

, and became

regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

for their son,

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...

, with her lover and co-regent, Roger Mortimer. *1330, England:

assumed royal power, arrested

and executed Roger Mortimer. *1388, Goryeo: General

Yi Seong-gye Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), born Yi Seong-gye (), was the founder and first ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After ascending to the throne, he changed his name to Yi Dan (), and reigned from 1392 to 1398. He was ...

of Goryeo led a military coup that deposed

King U U of Goryeo (25 July 1365 – 31 December 1389) ruled Goryeo (Korea) as the 32nd king from 1374 until 1388. He was the only son of King Gongmin. Cultural background In the thirteenth century, Mongol forces had invaded China and established the ...

, murdered General Choe Young, and installed puppet ruler King Chang and eventually King Gongyang. Yi later crowned himself, starting the

Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...

. *1452,

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan ( اوزون حسن; fa, اوزون حسن; 1423 – January 6, 1478; where ''uzun'' means "tall" in Oghuz Turkic) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Ha ...

seized Diyarbakir in a coup while sultan

Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

was away on a military expedition. *1398,

Joseon dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...

(Korea): Prince Yi Bangwon of Joseon led a coup that murdered

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Jeong Dojeon Jeong Dojeon (Korean: 정도전, Hanja: 鄭道傳, 1342 – October 6, 1398), also known by his pen name Sambong (Korean: 삼봉), was a prominent Korean scholar-official during the late Goryeo to the early Joseon periods. He served as the first ...

and two other princes. *1455, Joseon dynasty (Korea): Prince Suyang of Joseon led a coup that ousted the government of

Hwangbo In Hwangbo In (1387–10 November 1453) was a Joseon Dynasty politician who was Chief State Councillor from 1450 to 1453 during the era of King Munjong and King Danjong. As the King Danjong was 12 years old when the latter succeeded as King, Hwa ...

and Kim Jong Seo, who were killed during the coup. *1459,

Đại Việt Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day ...

: Prince

Lê Nghi Dân Marquis Lệ Đức ( vi, Lệ Đức hầu vi-hantu, 厲德侯, June 1439 – 6 June 1460), born Lê Nghi Dân (黎宜民), was the fourth emperor of the Lê dynasty in Vietnam. He ruled the country for a short time, about eight months, until h ...

led a coup that killed

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

Lê Nhân Tông Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗, 28 May 1441 – 25 October 1459), birth name Lê Bang Cơ (黎邦基) was the third emperor of the Later Lê dynasty from 1453 until his murder in a coup in 1459. He was a grandson of the emperor Lê Lợi. During near ...

later crowned himself. *1459, Đại Việt:

Đỗ Bí Đỗ is a Vietnamese family name. According to Lê Trung Hoa, a Vietnamese scholar, approximately 1.4 percent of Vietnamese people have this surname (2005).Lê Trung Hoa (2005). Họ và tên người Việt Nam, (Hà Nội), Việt Nam: NXB Khoa h ...

and

Lê Thụ Le is a romanization of several rare East Asian surnames and a common Vietnamese surname. It is a fairly common surname in the United States, ranked 975th during the 1990 census and 368th during the 2000 census. In 2000, it was the eighth-most-co ...

led a coup that overthrew

. *1506, Joseon dynasty (Korea): A

in Joseon overthrew Prince Yeonsan and placed King Jungjong on the throne. *1512,

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite last ...

rebelled against his father

Bayezid II Bayezid II ( ota, بايزيد ثانى, Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī, 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512, Turkish: ''II. Bayezid'') was the eldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, ...

and took the throne of Ottoman Empire. *1541,

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

Juan de Rada ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...

led a coup that ousted and killed

Spanish conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (, ; meaning 'conquerors') were the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish Empire, Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to ...

and governor of

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ; – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru. Born in Trujillo, Spain to a poor family, Pizarro chose ...

, and installed

Diego de Almagro II Diego de Almagro II (1520 – September 16, 1542), called ''El Mozo'' (the lad), was the son of Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro and Ana Martínez, a native Panamanian Indian woman. Peru In 1531 El Mozo accompanied his father on the e ...

as governor. *1567,

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

: Protestant rebels arrested

Mary Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...

and forced her to sign the Abdicate on 24 July 1567 in favour of the infant

James VI James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother,

James Stewart, Earl of Moray James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. 1531 – 23 January 1570) was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of King James V of Scotland. A supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his ...

, as regent. *1569,

1569 Plot The 1569 Plot was a conspiracy in Sweden in 1569. The purpose was to depose John III of Sweden and reinstate the imprisoned Eric XIV of Sweden on the Swedish throne. The plot was instigated by the courtiers of Eric's spouse queen Karin Månsdotter; ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

Courtier A courtier () is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically the court was the centre of government as well as the official r ...

s of the imprisoned

Eric XIV Eric XIV ( sv, Erik XIV; 13 December 153326 February 1577) was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was deposed in 1569. Eric XIV was the eldest son of Gustav I (1496–1560) and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (1513–1535). He was also ruler of Est ...

attempted to free and reinstate him, deposing

John III of Sweden John III ( sv , Johan III, fi, Juhana III; 20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomous ...

. The plot was exposed and prevented, and the conspirators were executed. * 1574, Mornay Plot in Sweden: A plot to depose

and reinstate

was discovered in

. *1605,

Gunpowder Plot The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sought ...

: On 5 November, a group of provincial English

Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

led by

Guy Fawkes Guy Fawkes (; 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics involved in the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. He was born and educated ...

attempted to kill

King James I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until ...

and much of the

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

aristocracy by blowing up the

Houses of Parliament The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parliament, the Palace lies on the north bank ...

during the

State Opening of Parliament The State Opening of Parliament is a ceremonial event which formally marks the beginning of a session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It includes a speech from the throne known as the King's (or Queen's) Speech. The event takes place ...

. *1622, Janissaries' Revolt in the Ottoman Empire: Janissaries revolted against

Osman II Osman II ( ota, عثمان ثانى ''‘Osmān-i sānī''; tr, II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young ( tr, Genç Osman), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 162 ...

and imprisoned him in the Seven Towers. He was murdered shortly afterwards. *1623, Joseon dynasty (Korea): A coup d'état in Joseon overthrew Prince Gwanghae and placed

King Injo Injo of Joseon (7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649), born Yi Jong, was the sixteenth ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the grandson of King Seonjo and son of Prince Jeongwon. He was the king during the Later Jin invasion of Joseon, ...

on the throne. *1648,

Pride's Purge Pride's Purge is the name commonly given to an event that took place on 6 December 1648, when soldiers prevented members of Parliament considered hostile to the New Model Army from entering the House of Commons of England. Despite defeat in the ...

in England: Members of Parliament who wished to continue political negotiations with

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

were ejected from the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

. Those remaining—known as the Rump—went on to agree that the king should be put on trial for his life. *1653, England: On 20 April,

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Ki ...

and forty musketeers under the command of

Charles Worsley Charles Worsley (24 June 1622 – 12 June 1656) was an English soldier and politician. He was an ardent supporter of Oliver Cromwell and was an officer in the Parliamentary army during the English Civil War and the Commonwealth of England. H ...

entered the

and forcibly dissolved the

Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament was the English Parliament after Colonel Thomas Pride commanded soldiers to purge the Long Parliament, on 6 December 1648, of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. "Rump" n ...

, leading to Cromwell becoming

Lord Protector Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes ...

and instigating military rule. *1660,

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

Frederick III of Denmark Frederick III ( da, Frederik; 18 March 1609 – 9 February 1670) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death in 1670. He also governed under the name Frederick II as diocesan administrator (colloquially referred to as prince-bi ...

staged a coup in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

that instituted

absolute monarchy Absolute monarchy (or Absolutism as a doctrine) is a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their own right or power. In an absolute monarchy, the king or queen is by no means limited and has absolute power, though a limited constitut ...

in the country. *1688,

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

in the

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...

: The

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

James II James II may refer to: * James II of Avesnes (died c. 1205), knight of the Fourth Crusade * James II of Majorca (died 1311), Lord of Montpellier * James II of Aragon (1267–1327), King of Sicily * James II, Count of La Marche (1370–1438), King C ...

was deposed by a faction favourable to the

William of Orange. *1689,

Boston Revolt The 1689 Boston revolt was a popular uprising on April 18, 1689, against the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of the Dominion of New England. A well-organized "mob" of provincial militia and citizens formed in the town of Boston, the cap ...

in the

Dominion of New England The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvania). Its political structure represe ...

: In an action described by some as a "putsch", the Puritan militia, assisted by a Bostonian mob, arrested the unpopular governor, Sir

Edmund Andros Sir Edmund Andros (6 December 1637 – 24 February 1714) was an English colonial administrator in British America. He was the governor of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence. At other times, Andros served ...

1700–1799

De moord op Patrona Halil en zijn volgelingen, SK-A-2012

*1703, Ottoman Empire: A Janissary revolt began in result of

Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in Karlowitz, Military Frontier of Archduchy of Austria (present-day Sremski Karlovci, Serbia), on 26 January 1699, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the ...

, in which

Mustafa II Mustafa II (; ota, مصطفى ثانى ''Muṣṭafā-yi sānī''; 6 February 1664 – 29 December 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703. Early life He was born at Edirne Palace on 6 February 1664. He was the son of Sult ...

was deposed, which is known as

Edirne event The Edirne Incident ( ota, Edirne Vaḳʿası, script=Latn) was a janissary revolt that began in Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1703. The revolt was a reaction to the consequences of the Treaty of Karlowitz and Sultan Mustafa II's absence fro ...

. *1730, Ottoman Empire: Janissary

Patrona Halil Patrona Halil ( sq, Halil Patrona, tr, Patrona Halil; c. 1690 in Hrupishta – November 25, 1730 in Constantinople) was the instigator of a mob uprising in 1730 which replaced Sultan Ahmed III with Mahmud I and ended the Tulip period.Altınay, ...

instigated an uprising which resulted in the deposition of

Ahmed III Ahmed III ( ota, احمد ثالث, ''Aḥmed-i sālis'') was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). His mother was Gülnuş Sultan, originally named Evmania Voria, who was an ethnic Greek. He was born at H ...

and the end of the

Tulip era The Tulip Period, or Tulip Era (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, tr, Lâle Devri), is a period in Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21 July 1718 to the Patrona Halil Revolt on 28 September 1730. This was a relatively peacef ...

. *1756,

Coup of 1756 The Coup of 1756 ( sv, Kuppen 1756) was an attempted coup d'état planned by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden to abolish the rule of the Riksdag of the Estates and reinstate absolute monarchy in Sweden. The attempted coup was exposed and subdued in ...

in Sweden:

Louisa Ulrika of Prussia Louisa Ulrika of Prussia ( sv, Lovisa Ulrika; german: Luise Ulrike) (24 July 1720 – 16 July 1782) was Queen of Sweden from 1751 to 1771 as the wife of King Adolf Frederick. She was queen mother during the reign of King Gustav III. Backgr ...

Queen of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the #IOG, Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. which is a constitutional monarchy, constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parliamentary ...

, attempted to abolish the rule of the

Riksdag of the Estates Riksdag of the Estates ( sv, Riksens ständer; informally sv, Ståndsriksdagen) was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to t ...

and reinstate

in Sweden. The plot was exposed and subdued shortly before it was intended to begin. *1762,

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

: A coup by

Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...

forced the abdication of

Peter III of Russia Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a sur ...

. *1769,

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

Ras Ras or RAS may refer to: Arts and media * RAS Records Real Authentic Sound, a reggae record label * Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol, a south Tyrolese public broadcasting service * Rás 1, an Icelandic radio station * Rás 2, an Icelandic radio stati ...

Mikael Sehul Mikael Sehul (born Blatta Mikael; 1692 – 1784) was a nobleman who ruled Ethiopia for a period of 25 years as regent of a series of weak emperors. He was also a Ras or governor of Tigray 1748–71 and again from 1772 until his death. He was a m ...

deposed and killed

Iyoas I of Ethiopia Iyoas I ( Ge'ez: ኢዮአስ; died 14 May 1769), throne name Adyam Sagad (Ge'ez: አድያም ሰገድ) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 27 June 1755 to 7 May 1769, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the infant son of Iyasu II and Wubit ...

in a demonstration of power over the Ethiopian Throne. This action ushered in the

Zemene Mesafint The Zemene Mesafint ( gez, ዘመነ መሳፍንት ''zamana masāfint'', modern: ''zemene mesāfint'', variously translated "Era of Judges," "Era of the Princes," "Age of Princes," etc.; named after the Book of Judges) was a period in Ethiop ...

("Era of the Princes"), a lengthy period of civil war and anarchy in Ethiopia. *1772,

Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: ) was an early modern multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe I ...

: A coup led by

Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (Danish: ''Juliane Marie''; 4 September 1729 – 10 October 1796) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1752 to 1766 as the second consort of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. She was mother to ...

and her son

Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark ( da, Frederik; 11 October 1753 – 7 December 1805) was heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark and Norway. He was the only surviving son of King Frederick V by his second wife, Juliana Maria of Braunsc ...

deposed the ruling cabinet minister

Johann Friedrich Struensee Lensgreve Johann Friedrich Struensee (5 August 1737 – 28 April 1772) was a German-Danish physician, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government. ...

. *1772,

Revolution of 1772 The Revolution of 1772 also known as The Bloodless Revolution ( sv, Revolutionen), also known as the Coup of Gustav III ( or older ''Gustav III:s statsvälvning'') was a Swedish coup d'état performed by King Gustav III of Sweden on 19 August 177 ...

in Sweden: King

Gustav III Gustav III (29 March 1792), also called ''Gustavus III'', was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. Gustav was a vocal opponent of what ...

performed a coup to introduce

against the

, resulting in the end of the

Age of liberty In Swedish and Finnish history, the Age of Liberty ( sv, frihetstiden; fi, vapauden aika) was a period that saw parliamentary governance, increasing civil rights and the decline of the Swedish Empire that began with Charles XII's death in 1718 ...

and the introduction of the

Swedish Constitution of 1772 The 1772 Instrument of Government ( sv, regeringsform) was the constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden from 1772 to 1809. It was promulgated in the wake of the Revolution of 1772, a self-coup mounted by King Gustav III, and replaced the 1720 Instr ...

. *1774,

Nana Fadnavis Nana Fadnavis (Pronunciation: aːna pʰəɖɳəʋiːs, fəɖ- also Phadnavis and Furnuwees and abbreviated as Phadnis) (February 12, 1742 – March 13, 1800), born Balaji Janardan Bhanu, was an influential minister and statesman of the Marath ...

, along with 11 other influential

Sardars Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar/Sirdar ( fa, سردار, , 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other aristocrats. It has also been u ...

of the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shi ...

, formed the Barbhai Counsil and overthrew

Peshwa The Peshwa (Pronunciation: e(ː)ʃʋaː was the appointed (later becoming hereditary) prime minister of the Maratha Empire of the Indian subcontinent. Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king); later, ...

Raghunath Rao Raghunathrao Bhat (a.k.a. Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari) (18 August 1734 – 11 December 1783) was the 11th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774. He was known among the Hindus for his extremely successful North-west ...

, who had seized the throne after killing his own nephew,

Narayanrao Narayanrao Bhat (10 August 1755 – 30 August 1773) was the 10th Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy from November 1772 until his assassination in August 1773. He married Gangabai Sathe who later gave birth to Sawai Madhavrao. Early life Narayanra ...

. After his removal, Nana Fadnavis proclaimed 40-day-old son of Narayanrao,

Madhavrao II Madhav Rao Bhat II (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) was the 12th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of Narayanrao Peshwa, murdered in 177 ...

as the next Peshwa, with himself acting as

. *1784, Denmark–Norway: A coup is performed by the crown prince

Frederick VI of Denmark Frederick VI (Danish and no, Frederik; 28 January 17683 December 1839) was King of Denmark The monarchy of Denmark is a constitutional political system, institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes ...

against the ruling cabinet led by

Ove Høegh-Guldberg Ove Høegh-Guldberg (born ''Guldberg''; 1 September 1731 – 7 February 1808) was a Danish statesman, historian, and ''de facto'' prime minister of Denmark during the reign of the mentally unstable King Christian VII. Biography Guldberg ...

. *1789,

1789 Conspiracy The 1789 Conspiracy was a plot in Sweden in 1789, with the purpose of deposing Gustav III of Sweden, and place his brother Charles XIII of Sweden on the throne. The plot was instigated by a group of conspirators at the royal court, consisting of am ...

in Sweden: An attempted coup, with the purpose of deposing

Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III (29 March 1792), also called ''Gustavus III'', was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. Gustav was a vocal opponent of what ...

, was thwarted. *1791,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

: A political coup compelled the Polish

diet Diet may refer to: Food * Diet (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group * Dieting, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake ** Diet food, foods that aid in creating a diet for weight loss ...

to adopt a new constitution. *1793,

Armfelt Conspiracy The Armfelt Conspiracy was a plot in Sweden in 1793. The purpose was to depose the de jure regent Charles XIII of Sweden, Duke Charles and the de facto regent Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, leaders of the regency government of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, ...

in Sweden: A coup by

Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (russian: Граф Густав-Маврикий Максимович Армфельт, tr, ; 31 March 1757 – 19 August 1814) was a Finnish-Swedish-Russian courtier and diplomat. In Finland, he is considered one of ...

, in companionship with

Magdalena Rudenschöld Countess Magdalena "Malla" or "Malin" Charlotta Rudenschöld (1 January 1766 – 5 March 1823 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a Swedish lady-in-waiting and conspirator. She was a key member of the Gustavian Armfelt Conspiracy who conspired to depose th ...

, with the intent to depose the guardian government of

Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until he was deposed in a coup in 1809. He was also the last Swedish monarch to be the ruler of Finland. The occupation of Finland in 1808–09 ...

, was exposed. *1794,

Fall of Maximilien Robespierre The Coup d'état of 9 Thermidor or the Fall of Maximilien Robespierre refers to the series of events beginning with Maximilien Robespierre's address to the National Convention on 8 Thermidor Year II (26 July 1794), his arrest the next day, and ...

(also called the Coup d'état of 9 Thermidor) in France: Members of the

Committee of Public Safety The Committee of Public Safety (french: link=no, Comité de salut public) was a committee of the National Convention which formed the provisional government and war cabinet during the Reign of Terror, a violent phase of the French Revolution. S ...

arrested and executed fellow Committee member

Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...

. *1797,

Coup of 18 Fructidor The Coup of 18 Fructidor, Year V (4 September 1797 in the French Republican Calendar), was a seizure of power in France by members of the Directory, the government of the French First Republic, with support from the French military. The coup wa ...

in France: The

French Directory The Directory (also called Directorate, ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and r ...

, with the support of the military, seizes power and ends the

monarchist Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. ...

majority in Parliament. *1799,

Coup of 18 Brumaire The Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and led to the Coronation of Napoleon as Emperor. This bloodless ''coup d'état'' overt ...

in France: A bloodless coup d'état overthrew the French Directory, replacing it with the

French Consulate The Consulate (french: Le Consulat) was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term ''The Con ...

, and brought

Napoléon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

to power.

1800–1899

*1808,

Rum Rebellion The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was a ''coup d'état'' in the then-British penal colony of New South Wales, staged by the New South Wales Corps in order to depose Governor William Bligh. Australia's first and only military coup, the name derives from ...

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

: A coup d'état by the

New South Wales Corps The New South Wales Corps (sometimes called The Rum Corps) was formed in England in 1789 as a permanent regiment of the British Army to relieve the New South Wales Marine Corps, who had accompanied the First Fleet to Australia, in fortifying the ...

deposed Governor

William Bligh Vice-Admiral William Bligh (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. The mutiny on the HMS ''Bounty'' occurred in 1789 when the ship was under his command; after being set adrift i ...

. *1809,

Coup of 1809 The Coup of 1809 ( sv, Statskuppen 1809) also referred to as the Revolution of 1809 (Swedish: ''Revolutionen 1809'') was a Swedish coup d'état by a group of noblemen led by Georg Adlersparre. The coup resulted in the deposition of King Gustav IV ...

in Sweden: Several army officers deposed

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

while an army was marching on

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

. *1809,

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

adventurer

Jørgen Jørgensen Jørgen Jørgensen (name of birth: Jürgensen, and changed to Jorgenson from 1817)Wilde, W H, ''Oxford Companion to Australian Literature'' 2nd ed. (29 March 1780 – 20 January 1841) was a Danish adventurer during the Age of Revolution. Duri ...

arrested the governor of Iceland and made himself

Protector Protector(s) or The Protector(s) may refer to: Roles and titles * Protector (title), a title or part of various historical titles of heads of state and others in authority ** Lord Protector, a title that has been used in British constitutional la ...

, declaring the country independent from Denmark. Two months later, English warship arrived and restored Danish government. *1812,

Malet coup of 1812 The Malet coup of 1812 was an attempted coup d'état in Paris, France, aimed at removing Napoleon I, then campaigning in Russia, from power. The coup was engineered by Republican general Claude François de Malet, who had spent time in prison b ...

in France:

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

General

Claude François de Malet Claude François de Malet (June 28, 1754 – October 31, 1812) was born in Dole to an aristocratic family. He was executed by firing squad, six days after staging a failed republican coup d'état as Napoleon I returned from the disastrous Russia ...

led a coup against Emperor

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

. * 1815, France: Emperor

staged a coup against

King Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in e ...

of France, retaking his throne as

Emperor of the French Emperor of the French ( French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires. Details A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procl ...

during the

Hundred Days The Hundred Days (french: les Cent-Jours ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration ...

. * 1815,

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

: Juan Díaz Porlier, with the support of the bourgeoisie and educated class,

pronounced Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

against King

Ferdinand VII , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Charles IV of Spain , mother = Maria Luisa of Parma , birth_date = 14 October 1784 , birth_place = El Escorial, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Madrid, Spain , burial_plac ...

but was later betrayed. * 1820, Spain: A

pronunciamiento A ''pronunciamiento'' (, pt, pronunciamento ; "proclamation , announcement or declaration") is a form of military rebellion or ''coup d'état'' particularly associated with Spain, Portugal and Latin America, especially in the 19th century. Typol ...

by Spanish liberal

Rafael del Riego Rafael del Riego y Flórez (7 April 1784 – 7 November 1823) was a Spanish general and liberal politician, who played a key role in the outbreak of the Liberal Triennium (''Trienio liberal'' in Spanish). Early life Riego was born on 7 April ...

forced the restoration of the

Spanish Constitution of 1812 The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy ( es, link=no, Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz ( es, link=no, Constitución de Cádiz) and as ''La Pepa'', was the first Constituti ...

, and began the Trienio Liberal. * 1822, Spain: The Royal Guard attempted an absolutist coup against King Ferdinand VII, which failed. * 1827,

1827 Honduran coup d'état The 1827 Honduran coup d'état was a military takeover of the Honduran government under Dionisio de Herrera, initiated on April 4 by the then Lieutenant General José Justo Milla. The first constitution of Honduras, dated 11 December 1825, estab ...

Dionisio de Herrera José Dionisio de la Trinidad de Herrera y Díaz del Valle (9 October 1781 in Choluteca, Honduras – 13 June 1850 in San Vicente, El Salvador) was a Liberal Honduran politician, head of state of Honduras from 1824 to 1827 and head of s ...

is overthrown by

José Justo Milla José Justo Milla Pineda (1794 in Gracias – 1838) was a Honduran military leader who was the governor of the state of Honduras within the Federal Republic of Central America from 10 May 1827 to 13 September 1827. He was a member of the Liber ...

and is imprisoned in Guatemala. * 1828,

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

: Military revolt in Chuquisaca wounded

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Antonio José de Sucre Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (; 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" ( en, "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the president of Peru and as the second pr ...

, leading to his resignation. * 1828,

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

: Unitarian

Juan Lavalle Juan Galo Lavalle (17 October 1797 – 9 October 1841) was an Argentine military and political figure. Biography Lavalle was born in Buenos Aires to María Mercedes González Bordallo and Manuel José Lavalle, general accountant of rents and t ...

deposed and executed federalist

Manuel Dorrego Manuel Dorrego (11 June 1787 – 13 December 1828) was an Argentine statesman and soldier. He was governor of Buenos Aires in 1820, and then again from 1827 to 1828. Life and politics Dorrego was born in Buenos Aires on 11 June 1787 to José An ...

as governor of

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

. * 1829,

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Anastasio Bustamante Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera (; 27 July 1780 – 6 February 1853) was a Mexican physician, general, and politician who served as president of Mexico three times. He participated in the Mexican War of Independence initially as a royalist befo ...

overthrew and murdered President

Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero (; baptized August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as ...

. * 1832, Mexico:

Mexican president The president of Mexico ( es, link=no, Presidente de México), officially the president of the United Mexican States ( es, link=no, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Co ...

was deposed for the first time by

Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876),Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,''Handbook of Texas Online'' Retrieved 18 April 2017. usually known as Santa Ann ...

, and replaced by

Melchor Múzquiz Melchor de Eca y Múzquiz (5 January 1790 – 14 December 1844) was a Mexican soldier and politician. He was named interim president of Mexico during the Plan of Veracruz which had the aim of overthrowing President Anastasio Bustamante. T ...

. * 1839, Bolivia:

José Miguel de Velasco José Miguel de Velasco Franco (; 29 September 1795 – 13 October 1859) was a Bolivian military officer and statesman who served as the fourth president of Bolivia on four occasions: 1828, 1829, 1839-1841, and 1848. Velasco also served as the ...

seized control of the government from

Andrés de Santa Cruz Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (; 30 November 1792 – 25 September 1865) was a Bolivian general and politician who served as interim president of Peru in 1827, the interim president of Peru from 1836 to 1838 and the sixth president of B ...

during the dissolution of the

Peru–Bolivian Confederation The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. The country was a loose confederation between the states of Peru, divided into the Republic of North Peru and the Republic of South Pe ...

. * 1839, Mexico:

was deposed for the second time by

. * 1841, Bolivia:

Sebastián Ágreda Sebastián Ágreda (1795 – 18 December 1875) was Bolivian military officer and statesman who served as the seventh president of Bolivia for 29 days in 1841. In addition to his short term as president, he also held a number of other governmenta ...

overthrew

, later installing the pro-

politician

Mariano Enrique Calvo Mariano Enrique Calvo Cuéllar (18 July 1782 – 29 July 1842) was a Bolivians, Bolivian lawyer, general and politician who served as the de facto eighth president of Bolivia briefly in 1841. He also served as the third vice president of Boliv ...

as president. * 1841, Bolivia:

José Ballivián José Ballivián Segurola (5 May 1805 – 6 October 1852) was a Bolivian general during the Peruvian-Bolivian War. He also served as the ninth president of Bolivia from 1841 to 1847. Early life Born in La Paz to wealthy parents, Ballivián ha ...

deposed

and returned

to power. * 1842,

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

Francisco Morazán José Francisco Morazán Quesada (; born October 3, 1792 – September 15, 1842) was a Central American politician who served as president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839. Before he was president of Central America h ...

, former

of the

Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America ( es, República Federal de Centroamérica), originally named the United Provinces of Central America ( es, Provincias Unidas del Centro de América), and sometimes simply called Central America, in it ...

, invaded the

Free State of Costa Rica The Free State of Costa Rica was the name acquired by Costa Rica after its split from the Federal Republic of Central America in 1838 and until the proclamation of the First Costa Rican Republic in 1847. Background Costa Rica as a member state o ...

and seized power. He was later deposed by popular uprising and executed. * 1843, Spain: A successful

Moderate Moderate is an ideological category which designates a rejection of radical or extreme views, especially in regard to politics and religion. A moderate is considered someone occupying any mainstream position avoiding extreme views. In American ...

of Narváez and

Francisco Serrano y Domínguez Francisco Serrano Domínguez Cuenca y Pérez de Vargas, 1st Duke of la Torre, Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio (17 December 1810 – 25 November 1885) was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He was Prime Minister of Spain in 1868–69 ...

ended the

Baldomero Espartero Baldomero Fernández-Espartero y Álvarez de Toro (27 February 17938 January 1879) was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He served as the Regent of the Realm, three times as Prime Minister and briefly as President of the Congress of Deputies. ...

regency. * 1848, Bolivia:

Manuel Isidoro Belzu Manuel Isidoro Belzu Humérez (4 April 1808 – 27 March 1865) was a Bolivian military officer and statesman who served as the 11th president of Bolivia from 1848 to 1855. Under his presidency, the current national anthem of Bolivia and flag o ...

overthrew

Eusebio Guilarte Eusebio Guilarte Mole (15 October 1805 – 11 June 1849) was a Bolivian military officer and statesman who served as the tenth president of Bolivia from 1847 to 1848. Biography A career military officer (not an uncommon choice at the time) ...

and installed

as president. * 1848, Bolivia:

turned on

and overthrew him. An attempted counter-coup by Velasco failed. * 1851,

1851 French coup d'état The Coup d'état of 2 December 1851 was a self-coup staged by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III), at the time President of France under the Second Republic. Code-named Operation Rubicon and timed to coincide with the anniversary ...

President of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte dissolved the Assembly and became the sole ruler of the country. In the following year, he restored the

Empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

by referendum. * 1854, Mexico: Following the

Plan of Ayutla A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with details of timing and resources, used to achieve an objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions through which one expects to achieve a goal. F ...

Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Liberalism in Mexico, Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. As a Zapotec peoples, Zapo ...

deposed

and installed

Juan Álvarez Juan Nepomuceno Álvarez Hurtado de Luna, generally known as Juan Álvarez, (27 January 1790 – 21 August 1867) was a general, long-time caudillo (regional leader) in southern Mexico, and president of Mexico for two months in 1855, following ...

President of Mexico The president of Mexico ( es, link=no, Presidente de México), officially the president of the United Mexican States ( es, link=no, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Co ...

. * 1854,

Spanish Revolution of 1854 The Spanish Revolution of 1854, also known by the name ''Vicalvarada'', started with a confrontation between rebel troops under General Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan and government troops near the village of Vicálvaro. This incident w ...

: General

Leopoldo O'Donnell Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris, 1st Duke of Tetuán, Grandee, GE (12 January 1809 – 5 November 1867), was a Spanish general and Grandee who was Prime Minister of Spain on several occasions. Early life He was born at Santa Cruz de Tenerife in t ...

led a successful revolutionary coup in

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

. * 1854, Bolivia: A military revolt failed to overthrow

. * 1857, Bolivia:

José María Linares José María Linares Lizarazu (10 July 1808 – 23 October 1861) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 13th president of Bolivia from 1857 to 1861. Early life and education He was born in Tical, Potosí, in his family's hacie ...

overthrew

Jorge Córdova Jorge Córdova (23 April 1822, in La Paz – 23 October 1861) was a Bolivian general and politician who served as the 12th president of Bolivia from 1855 to 1857. Early life Childhood Jorge Córdova was born on April 23, 1822, in the city ...

and

by proxy. * Bruno Carranza Ramirez

1861, Bolivia:

was overthrown by his own ministerial cabinet, led by

José María de Achá José María de Achá Valiente (8 July 1810 – 29 January 1868) was a Bolivian general who served as the 14th president of Bolivia from 1861 to 1864. He served in the battles of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and conspired against longtime ...

. * 1864, Mexico: Troops of

French Emperor Emperor of the French ( French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires. Details A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procl ...

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...

invaded An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing con ...

Mexico and tried to install

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

pretender A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...

Maximilian Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names. List of people Monarchs *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459� ...

as Emperor, but were defeated by Republican forces. * 1864, Bolivia:

Mariano Melgarejo Manuel Mariano Melgarejo Valencia (13 April 1820 – 23 November 1871) was a Bolivian military officer and politician, fifteenth president of the Republic of Bolivia from December 28, 1864, until his fall on January 15, 1871. He assumed pow ...

rose up against

and defeated his forces and those of

, who was also attempting to return to power. Melgarejo declared himself President of Bolivia. * 1866,

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (, or Alexandru Ioan I, also anglicised as Alexander John Cuza; 20 March 1820 – 15 May 1873) was the first ''domnitor'' (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities through his double election as prince of Moldavia on 5 Januar ...

of Romania was forced to abdicate by a political and military coalition. * 1867, Japan: Compelled by the

Satchō Alliance The , or was a powerful military alliance between the feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū formed in 1866 to combine their efforts to restore Imperial rule and overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. History The name ''Satchō'' () is an ...

, the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

returned political power to

Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...

. * 1868,

in Spain: A

Juan Bautista Topete Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo (24 May 1821 – 29 October 1885), was a Spanish admiral and politician. He was born in San Andrés Tuxtla, Mexico. His father and grandfather were also Spanish admirals. He entered the navy at the age of ...

Cádiz Cádiz (, , ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe, ...

deposed

Queen Isabella II Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868. Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successio ...

. * 1870,

1870 Costa Rican coup d'état The coup d'état of April 27, 1870 in Costa Rica was a coup implemented by the military leadership led by Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez and it established, to a large extent, the inauguration of the Liberal State. It also enacted the Costa Rican Const ...

Bruno Carranza José Bruno Carranza Ramírez (October 5, 1822 – January 25, 1891) was briefly President of Costa Rica (albeit with the title ''Temporary Head of the Republic'') in 1870. Bruno Carranza came to power in the coup d'état of 27 April 1870 tha ...

came to power in

after deposing President

Jesús Jiménez Zamora Jesús María Ciriaco Jiménez Zamora (June 18, 1823 – February 12, 1897) was President (government title), President of Costa Rica on two occasions: 1863 to 1866, and 1868 to 1870. He was popularly elected in 1863, but dissolved Congress two ...

. He resigned three months later. * 1871, Bolivia:

Agustín Morales Pedro Agustín Morales Hernández (11 March 1808 – 27 November 1872) was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 16th president of Bolivia from 1871 and 1872. Early years Morales was born in La Paz. Originally a supporter of Pr ...

led a popular revolt against

. * 1874, in Spain: After

Emilio Castelar Emilio Castelar y Ripoll (7 September 183225 May 1899) was a Spanish republican politician, and a president of the First Spanish Republic. Castelar was born in Cádiz. He was an eloquent orator and a writer. Appointed as Head of State in 1873 i ...

lost a vote of confidence and a new government was to be instituted,

Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque Manuel Pavia y Rodriguez de Alburquerque (August 2, 1828 – January 4, 1895) was a Spanish general, born in Cadiz, who was an important part of Spanish political life during the second half of the 19th century. He participated in the Revo ...

ordered Congress to evacuate and formed a new government, giving power to Francisco Serrano. * 1874, Spain:

Arsenio Martínez Campos Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón, born Martínez y Campos (14 December 1831, in Segovia, Spain – 23 September 1900, in Zarauz, Spain), was a Spanish officer who rose against the First Spanish Republic in a military revolution in 1874 and res ...

overthrew the

First Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic ( es, República Española), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic, was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874. The Republic's founding ensued after th ...

and installed

Alfonso XII Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 188 ...

as king. * 1876, Costa Rica:

Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz Aniceto del Carmen Esquivel Sáenz (April 18, 1824 – October 22, 1898) was President of Costa Rica for a brief period of three months in 1876 before being deposed in a coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also ...

was deposed in a coup d'état led by

Vicente Herrera Zeledón Vicente de las Mercedes Herrera Zeledón (A.K.A. Jamón) (20 January 1821 – 10 November 1888) was President of Costa Rica from 30 July 1876 to 11 September 1877. He came to power in the coup d'état that deposed President Aniceto Esquivel and ...

. * 1876, Mexico: Following the

Plan of Tuxtepec In Mexican history, the Plan of Tuxtepec was a plan drafted by General Porfirio Díaz in 1876 and proclaimed on 10 January 1876 in the Villa de Ojitlán municipality of San Lucas Ojitlán, Tuxtepec district, Oaxaca. It was signed by a group of mil ...

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...

overthrew

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral (; 24 April 1823 – 21 April 1889) was Mexican liberal politician and jurist who served as the 27th president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876. A successor to Benito Juárez, who died in office in July 1872, Lerd ...

and installed himself as

. * 1876, Bolivia: A military coup led by

Hilarión Daza Hilarión Daza Groselle (14 January 1840 – 27 February 1894) was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 19th president of Bolivia from 1876 to 1879. During his presidency, the infamous War of the Pacific started, a conflict which proved ...

overthrew the president

Tomás Frías Ametller Tomás may refer to: * Tomás (given name) * Tomás (surname) Tomás is a Spanish and Portuguese surname, equivalent of '' Thomas''. It may refer to: * Antonio Tomás (born 1985), professional Spanish footballer * Belarmino Tomás (1892–1950) ...

and installed

President of Bolivia The president of Bolivia ( es, Presidente de Bolivia), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia ( es, Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the ca ...

, leading to the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific ( es, link=no, Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War ( es, link=no, Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought ...

. * 1879, Bolivia:

was deposed while fighting in the War of the Pacific. * 1884,

Gapsin Coup The Gapsin Coup, also known as the Gapsin Revolution, was a failed three-day coup d'état that occurred in Korea during 1884. Korean reformers in the Enlightenment Party sought to initiate rapid changes within the country, including eliminating ...

in Korea: The

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

-supported

Gaehwa Party The Gaehwa Party () was a Korean liberal and progressive party founded after the Imo Incident. They were also called the Independence Party of Joseon, the Innovation Party of Joseon, and the Reformist Faction. They tried to cut off the submissive ...

attempts to overthrow the

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

-supported

Joseon Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...

government, but is suppressed. * 1889, Proclamation of the Republic in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

: A military coup led by Marshal

Deodoro da Fonseca Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a n ...

deposed the Brazilian Emperor,

Dom Dom or DOM may refer to: People and fictional characters * Dom (given name), including fictional characters * Dom (surname) * Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto * Dom people, an et ...

Pedro II, proclaimed the

Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

, and installed a

provisional government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or f ...

Proclamação da República by Benedito Calixto 1893

* 1891, Brazil:

President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...

Marshal

dissolved the National Congress and declared himself Dictator, but soon after resigned after the Navy rebellion. * 1893,

Kingdom of Hawai'i The Hawaiian Kingdom, or Kingdom of Hawaiʻi ( Hawaiian: ''Ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina''), was a sovereign state located in the Hawaiian Islands. The country was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the independent islan ...

Sanford Dole Sanford Ballard Dole (April 23, 1844 – June 9, 1926) was a lawyer and jurist from the Hawaiian Islands. He lived through the periods when Hawaii was a kingdom, protectorate, republic, and territory. A descendant of the American missionary ...

and American plantation owners overthrew the independent Kingdom of Hawaii led by

Queen Liliuokalani Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mothe ...

* 1895,

1895 Wilcox rebellion The 1895 Wilcox rebellion, or the Counter-Revolution of 1895 was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Republic of Hawaii. It was the last major military operation by royalists who o ...

in the Kingdom of Hawai'i: Robert W. Wilcox unsuccessfully launched a coup in an attempt to restore the

Hawaiian Monarchy The Hawaiian Kingdom, or Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ''Ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina''), was a sovereign state located in the Hawaiian Islands. The country was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the ...

. * 1895,

Bahrain Bahrain ( ; ; ar, البحرين, al-Bahrayn, locally ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, ' is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and an ...

: Shubar al-Sitri launched an unsuccessful coup to depose the Bahraini monarchy. * 1898,

Wilmington insurrection of 1898 The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, was a coup d'état and massacre carried out by white supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, on Thursday, Novem ...

(also known as the Wilmington coup and the Wilmington massacre) in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

: White supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina overthrew the biracial

Fusionist In American politics, fusionism is the philosophical and political combination or "fusion" of traditionalist and social conservatism with political and economic right-libertarianism. The philosophy is most closely associated with Frank Meyer. ...

government. * 1898,

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

(China):

Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese nob ...

launched the Wuxu coup in the Qing dynasty of China in response to the

Hundred Days' Reform The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform () was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement that occurred from 11 June to 22 September 1898 during the late Qing dynasty. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu E ...

. * 1899, Bolivia:

José Manuel Pando José Manuel Inocencio Pando Solares (27 December 1849 – 17 June 1917) was a Bolivian soldier, politician and explorer. He was also the 25th President of Bolivia from 1899 to 1904. During his government, the Acre War (1899-1903) began, in wh ...

defeated

Severo Fernández Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero (15 August 1849 in Sucre – 12 August 1925) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 24th president of Bolivia from 1896 to 1899 and as the tenth vice president of Bolivia from 1892 to 1896. He ...

, bringing an end to the

Federal War The Federal War ( es, Guerra Federal) — also known as the Great War or the Five Year War — was a civil war (1859–1863) in Venezuela between the Conservative party and the Liberal party over the monopoly the Conservatives held over governm ...

. * 1899,

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

Cipriano Castro José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the president of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was ...

's army overthrew the government of

Ignacio Andrade Ignacio Andrade Troconis (31 July 1839 – 17 February 1925), was a military man and politician.

in Venezuela.

1900–1919

1903

* May Coup in

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

: The

Black Hand Black Hand or The Black Hand may refer to: Extortionists and underground groups * Black Hand (anarchism) (''La Mano Negra''), a presumed secret, anarchist organization based in the Andalusian region of Spain during the early 1880s * Black Hand (e ...

group of military officers, led by Colonel

Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis Dragutin (Cyrillic: Драгутин) is a masculine given name. Those bearing it include: * Stephen Dragutin of Serbia * Dragutin Topić * Dragutin Dimitrijević * Dragutin Mitić * Dragutin Tadijanović * Dragutin Šurbek * Dragutin Lerman * D ...

, killed

Alexander I of Serbia Alexander I ( sr-cyr, Александар Обреновић, Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbia ...

in coup d'état named Majski Prevrat (May Overthrow).

1905

* Brazil: A failed military coup was led by

Lauro Sodré Lauro is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is located in lower Irpinia, in a woody valley. Sights include the remains of a 1st-century BC Roman ''thermae In ancient Rome, (from ...

after a week of civil disorder during the

Vaccine Revolt The Vaccine Revolt or Vaccine Rebellion (Portuguese: ''Revolta da Vacina'') was a period of civil disorder which occurred in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (November 10–18, 1904). Background At the beginning of the 20th century the city o ...

1908

Juan Vicente Gómez Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón (24 July 1857 – 17 December 1935) was a Venezuelan military general A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air ...

took the office as

President of Venezuela The president of Venezuela ( es, Presidente de Venezuela), officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, Presidente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is the head of state and head of government in Ven ...

after

left for

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

to receive medical treatment. *

1908 bombardment of the Majlis The 1908 bombardment of the Majlis of Iran took place on 23 June 1908 in Tehran, during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, when the Persian Cossack forces, commanded by Vladimir Liakhov and other Russian officers, bombarded and suppressed t ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

: Persian Cossack forces, commanded by

Vladimir Liakhov Polkovnik (Colonel) Vladimir Platonovitch Liakhov (also spelled Liakhoff, russian: Влади́мир Плато́нович Ля́хов) (c. 20 June 1869 – June 1919) was the commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade during the rule of Mohammad ...

and the other

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

officers, bombarded and by that suppressed the

Iranian parliament The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The P ...

. Liakhov was subsequently made Military Governor of Tehran by the Shah of Persia,

Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, محمدعلی شاه قاجار; 21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925, San Remo, Italy), Shah of Iran from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909. He was the sixth shah of the Qajar dynasty. Biography Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar ...

. *

Young Turk Revolution The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Ottoman Constit ...

in the Ottoman Empire: The

Committee of Union and Progress The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) ( ota, اتحاد و ترقى جمعيتی, translit=İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti, script=Arab), later the Union and Progress Party ( ota, اتحاد و ترقى فرقه‌سی, translit=İttihad ve Tera ...

, a Young Turks organization, rebelled against the absolute rule of

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

Abdul Hamid II Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to ...

which resulted in the restoration of the

Ottoman constitution of 1876 The Constitution of the Ottoman Empire ( ota, قانون أساسي, Kānûn-ı Esâsî, lit= Basic law; french: Constitution ottomane), also known as the Constitution of 1876, was the first constitution of the Ottoman Empire. Written by members ...

and marked the beginning of the

Second Constitutional Era The Second Constitutional Era ( ota, ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; tr, İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution of the G ...

and multi-party politics in the Ottoman Empire.

1909

Goudi coup The Goudi coup ( el, κίνημα στο Γουδί) was a military coup d'état that took place in Greece on the night of , starting at the barracks in Goudi, a neighborhood on the eastern outskirts of Athens. The coup was a pivotal event in mod ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

: A secret society of military officers called the Military League issued a pronunciamiento, resulting in the replacement of Prime Minister

Dimitrios Rallis Dimitrios Rallis (Greek: Δημήτριος Ράλλης; 1844–1921) was a Greek politician. He was born in Athens in 1844. He was descended from an old Greek political family. Before Greek independence, his grandfather, Alexander Rallis, ...

government and various reforms. *

31 March Incident The 31 March Incident ( tr, 31 Mart Vakası, , , or ) was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. Occurring soon after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, in which the Committee of Union and Pr ...

in the Ottoman Empire: Shortly after the Young Turk Revolution, members of the military convened on

Sultan Ahmet Square Sultanahmet Square ( tr, Sultanahmet Meydanı) or the Hippodrome of Constantinople ( el, Ἱππόδρομος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs; la, Circus Maximus Constantinopolitanus; t ...

to demand reestablishment of

Sharia Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the H ...

. After a brief period of rival groups claiming to represent the legitimate government, the uprising was suppressed and the former government was ultimately restored.

1910

5 October 1910 revolution The 5 October 1910 revolution was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organized by the Portuguese Republican Party. By 1910, the K ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

: A

republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

coup d'état deposed

Manuel II of Portugal ''Dom'' Manuel II (15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932), "the Patriot" ( pt, "o Patriota") or "the Unfortunate" (), was the last King of Portugal, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father, King Carlos I, and his elder brother, ...

and established the

Portuguese First Republic The First Portuguese Republic ( pt, Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: ''República Portuguesa'', Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy ...

1912

* 1912 coup d'état in the Ottoman Empire: Members of the

Savior Officers Savior or Saviour may refer to: *A person who helps people achieve salvation, or saves them from something Religion * Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine or nineteen years * Maitreya * Messiah, a saviour or li ...

group in the army, a pro-

Freedom and Accord Party The Freedom and Accord Party ( ota, حریت و ایتلاف فرقه‌سی, Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası, script=Arab), also known as the Liberal Union or the Liberal Entente, was a liberal Ottoman political party active between 1911 and 1913, ...

clique, issued a memorandum to the Grand Vizier

Mehmed Said Pasha Mehmed Said Pasha ( ota, محمد سعيد پاشا ‎; 1838–1914), also known as Küçük Said Pasha ("Said Pasha the Younger") or Şapur Çelebi or in his youth as Mabeyn Başkatibi Said Bey, was an Ottoman monarchist, senator, statesman ...

to resign and dissolve

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

, which was overwhelmingly dominated by the CUP following the rigged 1912 election known as the "election of clubs". The Savior Officers got their wish, resulting in

Ahmed Muhtar Pasha Ahmed Muhtar Pasha ( ota, احمد مختار پاشا;‎ 1 November 1839 – 21 January 1919) was a prominent Ottoman field marshal and Grand Vizier, who served in the Crimean and Russo-Turkish wars. Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed as ...

's Great Cabinet.

1913

1913 Ottoman coup d'état The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (January 23, 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte ( tr, Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by ...

: Led by Talaat and

Enver Pasha İsmail Enver, better known as Enver Pasha ( ota, اسماعیل انور پاشا; tr, İsmail Enver Paşa; 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer, revolutionary, and convicted war criminal who formed one-third ...

, the

overthrew the

coalition and introduced a military dictatorship, led by the

Three Pashas The Three Pashas also known as the Young Turk triumvirate or CUP triumvirate consisted of Mehmed Talaat Pasha (1874–1921), the Grand Vizier (prime minister) and Minister of the Interior; Ismail Enver Pasha (1881–1922), the Minister of War; ...

. *Mexico: During the

Ten Tragic Days The Ten Tragic Days ( es, La Decena Trágica) during the Mexican Revolution is the name now given to a multi-day coup d'etat in Mexico City by opponents of Francisco I. Madero, the democratically elected president of Mexico, between 9 - 19 Feb ...

, General

Victoriano Huerta José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (; 22 December 1854 – 13 January 1916) was a general in the Mexican Federal Army and 39th President of Mexico, who came to power by coup against the democratically elected government of Francisco I. Madero wit ...

overthrew and murdered the president of Mexico,

Francisco Madero Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'etat in February 1 ...

. *United Kingdom: During the

suffragette bombing and arson campaign Suffragettes in Great Britain and Ireland orchestrated a bombing and arson campaign between the years 1912 and 1914. The campaign was instigated by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), and was a part of their wider campaign for women's ...

, a plot to

kidnap In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful confinement of a person against their will, often including transportation/asportation. The asportation and abduction element is typically but not necessarily conducted by means of force or fear: the p ...

Home Secretary The secretary of state for the Home Department, otherwise known as the home secretary, is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom. The home secretary leads the Home Office, and is responsible for all national ...

Reginald McKenna Reginald McKenna (6 July 1863 – 6 September 1943) was a British banker and Liberal politician. His first Cabinet post under Henry Campbell-Bannerman was as President of the Board of Education, after which he served as First Lord of the Admiral ...

was revealed and discussed in the

and in the press. It was revealed that suffragettes were planning to kidnap one or more

cabinet ministers A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the executive branch's top leaders. Members of a cabinet are usually called cabinet ministers or secretaries. The function of a cabinet varies: in some countries ...

and subjecting them to

force-feeding Force-feeding is the practice of feeding a human or animal against their will. The term ''gavage'' (, , ) refers to supplying a substance by means of a small plastic feeding tube passed through the nose ( nasogastric) or mouth (orogastric) into t ...

, until they conceded

women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...

. After the publicization of the plans, the plans were aborted. *United Kingdom: During the

Special Branch Special Branch is a label customarily used to identify units responsible for matters of national security and Intelligence (information gathering), intelligence in Policing in the United Kingdom, British, Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth, ...

detectives discovered that the

WSPU The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom from 1903 to 1918. Known from 1906 as the suffragettes, its membership and ...

had plans to create a suffragette "army" known as the "People's Training Corps" and informally as "Mrs Pankhurst's Army". The army was intended to proceed in force to

Downing Street Downing Street is a street in Westminster in London that houses the official residences and offices of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Situated off Whitehall, it is long, and a few minutes' walk ...

to imprison ministers until they conceded women's suffrage. After the discovery of the plans, they were aborted.

1916

: While touring the city of

Harar Harar ( amh, ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; om, Adare Biyyo; so, Herer; ar, هرر) known historically by the indigenous as Gey (Harari: ጌይ ''Gēy'', ) is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saint ...

Lij Iyasu ''Lij'' Iyasu ( gez, ልጅ ኢያሱ; 4 February 1895 – 25 November 1935) was the designated Emperor of Ethiopia from 1913 to 1916. His baptismal name was Kifle Yaqob (ክፍለ ያዕቆብ ''kəflä y’aqob''). Ethiopian emperors tradition ...

was deposed by a cabal of aristocrats in favor of his aunt

Zewditu , spoken = ; ''djānhoi'', lit. ''"O steemedroyal"'' , alternative = ; ''getochu'', lit. ''"Our master"'' (pl.) Zewditu ( gez, ዘውዲቱ, born Askala Maryam; 29 April 1876 – 2 April 1930) was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 193 ...

. Forces loyal to him were defeated at Segale, and Lij Iyasu wandered northwestern

with a small band of loyal followers until captured five years later. *China:

Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty rule of China in 1912, later becoming the Emperor of China. H ...

launched a self-coup by proclaiming himself emperor of the Chinese Empire.

1917

Alfredo González Flores Alfredo González Flores served as President of Costa Rica from 1914 to 1917. He was unable to complete his presidential mandate following a coup d'état on 27 January 1917, led by Federico Tinoco, his secretary for War and the Navy. González ...

was overthrown in a coup d'état led by General José Federico Alberto de Jesús Tinoco Granados, who established a repressive military dictatorship. *

Manchu Restoration The Manchu Restoration or Dingsi Restoration (), also known as Zhang Xun Restoration (), or Xuantong Restoration (), was an attempt to restore the Chinese monarchy by General Zhang Xun, whose army seized Beijing and briefly reinstalled the las ...

in China:

Zhang Xun Zhang Xun (; September 16, 1854 – September 11, 1923), courtesy name Shaoxuan (), art name Songshoulaoren (), nickname Bianshuai (, ), was a Chinese general and Qing loyalist who attempted to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in the Manchu Re ...

launched a coup in an attempt to restore the Qing monarchy. It was quickly reversed by

troops. *Russia: In August, the Russian Commander-in-Chief General Kornilov attempted a putsch, which was rapidly defeated.

1918

*Russia:

Alexander Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (russian: link=no, Александр Васильевич Колчак; – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought ...

overthrew the

Provisional All-Russian Government The Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG), informally known as The Directory, The Ufa Directory, or The Omsk Directory, was a short-lived government during the Russian Civil War, formed on 23 September 1918 at the State Conference in Ufa as ...

and took control of the newly formed

Russian State Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

, establishing a military dictatorship.

1919

*1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania, 1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania: The Polish right-wing parties, Polish right-wing unsuccessfully tried to overthrow the left-wing government. *Spartacist uprising in Germany: The German Communist Party unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the government. *Hungarian Soviet Republic: István Friedrich overthrew the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

1920–1929

1920

*Kapp Putsch in Germany: The Marinebrigade Ehrhardt failed to overthrow Germany's Weimar Republic. *1920 Georgian coup attempt in the Democratic Republic of Georgia: The Bolsheviks failed to overthrow the Democratic Republic of Georgia with the help of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russian Red Army. *Bolivia: 21 years of continuous single-party democratic rule ended when Bautista Saavedra overthrew José Gutiérrez Guerra. *Plan of Agua Prieta in Mexico: General Álvaro Obregón, backed by labor unions and Liberation Army of the South, Zapatistas, ousted Mexican President Venustiano Carranza.

1921

: Colonel Reza Khan, with Zia'eddin Tabatabaee, launched a coup against Ahmad Shah Qajar. *Charles IV of Hungary's attempts to retake the throne, Charles IV attempts to retake the throne in Hungary: The former King Charles I of Austria, who had also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary, returned to Hungary twice to try, unsuccessfully, to retake his throne from Regent Miklós Horthy.

1922

*Greece: Following the defeat in the Asia Minor Campaign, Venizelism, Venizelist army officers, chief amongst them Nikolaos Plastiras and Stylianos Gonatas, led the Greek Army in revolt against the royal government and forced the renewed abdication of King of Greece, King Constantine I of Greece. *Albania: A failed coup d'état attempt was led by Bajram Curri, Elez Isufi, Hamit Toptani and Halit Lleshi. *March on Rome in Italy: Between 27 and 29 October, the March on Rome by the Blackshirts led to the installation of Benito Mussolini of the National Fascist Party as prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946), Kingdom of Italy, supported by King Victor Emmanuel III. After the Italian general election, 1924, election of 1924 and the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, Mussolini established a dictatorship on 3 January 1925.

1923

*Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera installed a Spain under the Restoration#Primo de Rivera's dictatorship (1923–1930), dictatorship in Spain without overthrowing King Alfonso XIII. *1923 Bulgarian coup d'état: The military, under the control of General Ivan Valkov, overthrew the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union government of Aleksandar Stamboliyski and installed one headed by Aleksandar Tsankov. **September uprising (14–29 September 1923). The September Uprising (Bulgarian: Септемврийско въстание, Septemvriysko vastanie) was an armed insurgency staged in September 1923 by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) under Comintern pressure and attempted to overthrow Alexander Tsankov's new government of Bulgaria that had come to power with the coup d'état of 9 June. Besides its communist base, the uprising was also supported by agrarians and anarchists. The uprising's goal was the "establishment of a government of workers and peasants" in Bulgaria. *Beer Hall Putsch in Germany: A failed coup was attempted by Nazi Party, Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, Germany against the leaders of the Weimar Republic. The Nazis were repelled by police, and Hitler was later charged with treason. *Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt in Greece: Pro-royalist military officers attempted to stage a coup, and successfully took control of much of the Greek mainland. However, the government rallied its forces, and leaders Georgios Leonardopoulos and Panagiotis Gargalidis were ultimately surrounded and forced to surrender.

1924

*Chile: President Arturo Alessandri resigned and fled after the army, led by Luis Altamirano, headed a coup. *1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt: Communists attempted a coup against the Estonian government, but their multiple attacks were repelled. Multiple organizers were executed; some escaped to the Soviet Union, but were later executed during the Great Purge. *June Revolution in Albania: A coup d'état overthrew the pro-Ahmet Zogu government and established a leftist government led by Fan Noli. On December 24 of that year, Zogu returned to power, and Noli and his government fled from the country. *Beijing Coup in China: On 23 October, Warlord Feng Yü-hsiang seized Beijing from Beiyang government, Chinese List of presidents of China, President Cao Kun at a crucial moment during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War.

1925

*Chile: General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and Colonel Marmaduque Grove deposed the military ruler of Chile, Luis Altamirano. They later allowed former President of Chile, president Arturo Alessandri to return to Chile. *Greece: General Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos seized power in a coup in

1926

*May Coup (Poland), May Coup in Poland: Marshal of Poland, Marshal Józef Piłsudski overthrew the democratically elected government of President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos. A new government was installed, headed by Kazimierz Bartel. *28 May 1926 coup d'état in Portugal: Nationalist military forces overthrew the unstable First Portuguese Republic, Portuguese First Republic and instituted a new regime, the Ditadura Nacional, National Dictatorship. *1926 Lithuanian coup d'état: A military-organized coup resulted in the replacement of the democratically elected Lithuanian government with a conservative authoritarian government led by Antanas Smetona. *Greece: The dictatorship of General Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos was overthrown by General Georgios Kondylis. *Spain: A failed coup was attempted against the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

1928

*Ethiopia: Balcha Safo attempted a coup against regent

Tafari Makonnen (who would later become Emperor Haile Selassie I); the uprising never amounted to more than a show of force and was put down decisively by Kassa Haile Darge. Balcha Safo surrendered and was imprisoned. *Ethiopian coup d'état of 1928: Supporters of Empress

attempted to eliminate the heir apparent and Crown Prince Tafari Makonnen; the

ended in failure.

1929

*1929 Tuvan coup d'état in the Tuvan People's Republic: Five Tuvan youths supported by the Soviet Union successfully overthrew the government, and one of them, Salchak Toka, became supreme ruler.

1930–1939

1930

*Gugsa Wale's rebellion in Ethiopia: An uprising by Ras Gugsa Welle, Gugsa Wale against King Tafari Makonnen (later Emperor Haile Selassie I) was put down decisively at the Battle of Anchem by the Minister of War, Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu. *Bolivia: General Carlos Blanco Galindo overthrew the ministerial cabinet, which had been operating as the Bolivian executive power since the resignation of Hernando Siles Reyes the month prior. *Dominican Republic: Rafael Leónidas Trujillo declared martial law, deposing Horacio Vásquez after a devastating hurricane. *1930 Argentine coup d'état: General José Félix Uriburu overthrew President of Argentina, President Hipólito Yrigoyen. *Brazilian Revolution of 1930: An armed revolution culminated in a coup d'état which ousted President Washington Luís and established the Brazilian military junta of 1930. *Peru: Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro overthrew Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo.

1931

*March Incident in Japan: The radical, ultranationalist Sakurakai secret society attempted to start large-scale riots in Tokyo, which instigators hoped would lead to martial law and then a coup d'état by the Imperial Japanese Army. Two attempts to start riots failed, and the leaders of the plot were arrested. *October incident, October Incident in Japan: The Sakurakai again plotted a coup, this time to be instigated by assassinations of key statesmen and officials. The plot was foiled by some of the plotters abandoning the effort, and leaks that reached the War Minister of Japan. *1931 Salvadoran coup d'état: On 2 December, Arturo Araujo was overthrown by Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.

1932

*Preußenschlag in the Free State of Prussia in the Weimar Republic: Chancellor Franz von Papen successfully took over the Free State of Prussia, the largest constituent state of the Weimar Republic, by using an emergency decree issued by President of Germany, President Paul von Hindenburg. *Mäntsälä Rebellion in Finland: An attempted coup by the Lapua Movement failed. According to some contemporaries, if the coup had been successful, then Vihtori Kosola, the leader of the movement, would have become a fascist

of Finland. *May 15 Incident, 15 May Incident in Japan: Reactionary elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy successfully assassinated Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi, but the coup was otherwise unsuccessful. *Siamese coup d'état of 1932: A bloodless transition occurred, marking the change from the absolute monarchy of Siam to a constitutional monarchy, the introduction of democracy and the Constitution of Thailand#1932 temporary charter, first constitution of Thailand, and the creation of the National Assembly of Thailand. *Chile: A coup headed by the Chilean military deposed President Juan Esteban Montero and created the Socialist Republic of Chile. After twelve days, other army officers headed a counter-coup and ended the Socialist Republic, and the new provisional president, Abraham Oyanedel, restored democracy. *Spain: José Sanjurjo failed to overthrow Manuel Azaña. * 1932 Colonial Building riot in St. John's, Newfoundland: On 5 April 1932, prompted by the Great Depression in Canada, Great Depression and corruption in the Richard Squires, Squires administration, a peaceful protest degenerated into riots and violence. The riots led to the fall of the Squires government and the defeat of Squires's Liberal parties in pre-confederation Newfoundland, Liberal Party.

1933

*Uruguay: The president of Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, dissolved Parliament and headed a coup. *Sergeants' Revolt in Cuba: Fulgencio Batista ousted Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada. *Business Plot (also called the Wall Street Putsch or the White House Putsch) in the United States: Retired United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps Major General (United States), Major General Smedley Butler asserted that wealthy businessmen were plotting to create a fascist veterans' organization with Butler as its leader and use it in a coup d'état to overthrow Roosevelt. While historians have questioned whether or not a coup was actually close to execution, most agree that some sort of "wild scheme" was contemplated and discussed. *1933 Siamese coup d'état: Colonel Phot Phahonyothin, Phraya Phahol Pholphayuhasena led a peaceful coup against Premier Phraya Manopakorn Nititada

1934

*Estonia: Konstantin Päts carried out a self-coup on 12 March. *1934 Latvian coup d'état: Kārlis Ulmanis carried out a self-coup against the parliamentary system. *1934 Bulgarian coup d'état: The Zveno military organization and the Military Union, with the aid of the Bulgarian Army, overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev. *1934 Lithuanian coup d'état attempt: Supporters of the former Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras attempted to overthrow the government of President Antanas Smetona. *July Putsch in Austria: On 25–30 July, Austrian National Socialism, Austrian Nazis, attempted a coup against the Fatherland Front (Austria), Austrofascist regime. Although they succeeded in resulting in the Engelbert Dollfuß#Assassination, assassinating chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him and the Austrofascist regime remained in power. *: A coup on 15 January overthrew provisional president Ramón Grau. A second coup three days later overthrew his replacement, Carlos Hevia, and installed Carlos Mendieta as president. *Bolivia: Bolivian generals deposed President Daniel Salamanca Urey, Daniel Salamanca in the midst of the Chaco War.

1935

*Greek coup attempt of 1935: A Venizelism, Venizelist coup attempt, headed by Nikolaos Plastiras against the People's Party (Greece), People's Party government of Panagis Tsaldaris, failed. *Mexico: In an internal coup, Lázaro Cárdenas deported and exiled President Plutarco Elías Calles, effectively ending Calles' control over the Mexican government. *Greece: General Georgios Kondylis deposed the sitting government and abolished the Republic of Greece, Republic, restoring the Kingdom of Greece, Greek monarchy.

1936

*Xi'an Incident in China: General Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped by his deputy Zhang Xueliang, who demanded that Chiang stop fighting the Chinese Communists and instead agree to a united resistance against the Japanese. His wife's and her brother's subsequent negotiation with Zhang ensured Chiang's release two weeks later. * 1936 Bolivian coup d'état: Germán Busch overthrew José Luis Tejada Sorzano and handed the presidency to David Toro. * Spanish coup of July 1936: Nationalists seized control of parts of Spain, commencing the Spanish Civil War. Later, General Francisco Franco assumed control of the country as dictator. *February 26 Incident in Japan: A coup attempt by junior military officers failed in installing a militarist government. *Greece: A coup of Ioannis Metaxas on 4 August established the 4th of August Regime. *Kingdom of Iraq: A 30 October coup by Bakr Sidqi and Hikmat Sulayman deposed Prime Minister Yasin al-Hashimi.

1937

*France: A Cagoulard plot to install a pro-Nazi government was foiled by French police. *Bolivia: Dissatisfied with the speed of new reforms, Germán Busch led a popular movement which secured the resignation of David Toro. *Brazil: President Getúlio Vargas, governing democratically since 1934, launched a self-coup and became the Dictator of the Brazilian Estado Novo (Brazil), Estado Novo ("New State").

1938

*Romania: King Carol II of Romania launched a self-coup, which abolished parliamentary democracy in favor of a royal dictatorship. *Brazil: Getúlio Vargas, Vargas forces detected the attempted Brazilian Integralism, Integralist coup, leading to a shootout with insurgents at the Guanabara Palace.

1939

*National Defence Council (Spain), Casado's coup in Spain: A coup by military officers and members of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in the Second Spanish Republic, Republican zone of Spain resulted in the formation of the National Defence Council (Spain), National Defence Council as a step towards a negotiated peace with the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. The negotiations eventually failed, but the coup signaled the end of the Spanish Civil War.

1940–1949

1940

*Norway: The fascist politician Vidkun Quisling attempted to overthrow the Norwegian government in response to the Operation Weserübung, German invasion of Denmark and Norway. *Occupation of the Baltic states, Occupation of the Baltic States in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Several Soviet-organised coups occurred during the Soviet takeover of the Baltic states, Baltic States. *Mexico: Juan Andreu Almazán attempted a coup to prevent the inauguration of president-elect Manuel Ávila Camacho.

1941

*Legionnaires' Rebellion in Romania: Iron Guard paramilitaries (also known as Legionnaires) unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow Conducător Ion Antonescu. *1941 Iraqi coup d'état: Pro-German Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani and the Golden Square (Iraq), Golden Square overthrew the regime of the Pro-British Regent 'Abd al-Ilah, leading to the Anglo-Iraqi War. *Yugoslav coup d'état: Pro-British King Peter II of Yugoslavia, Peter II and his supporters staged a coup in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to replace pro-German Regent Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, Prince Paul, leading to the Invasion of Yugoslavia, Axis invasion of Yugoslavia.

1942

*Operation Torch, Coup attempt in Algeria: French Resistance fighters staged a coup in Algiers in the night before Operation Torch.

1943

*1943 Argentine coup d'état: Arturo Rawson overthrew Ramón Castillo. *Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy: A coup on 24–25 July culminated with a vote of no confidence against Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, ending 21 years of Fascist rule in the Kingdom of Italy. He was replaced by Marshal Pietro Badoglio. *Bolivia: Left-wing military officers and opposition militants of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement under Gualberto Villarroel overthrew Enrique Peñaranda.

1944

Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-025-10, Hitler-Attentat, 20

*Palm Sunday Coup in El Salvador: On 2 April, the army attempted to oust President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez. *20 July plot in Germany: Part of Operation Valkyrie, the German resistance to Nazism, German resistance and German Reserve Army attempted to kill Adolf Hitler and seize control of the Third Reich in order to negotiate peace with the Allies of World War II, Allies. The coup failed after it was found Hitler did not die in the bomb blast, and the Reserve Army began to refuse to take orders from the German resistance. 5,000 conspirators were given show trials and summarily executed. *King Michael's Coup in Romania: On 23 August, pro-German dictator Ion Antonescu was overthrown and King of Romania, King Michael I of Romania, Michael of Romania switched the nation from the Axis side of the war to join the Allies. *1944 Bulgarian coup d'état: The government of pro-German Prime Minister Konstantin Muraviev was overthrown, and Kimon Georgiev of the Fatherland Front (Bulgaria), Fatherland Front switched the nation from the Axis side of the war to join the Allies. *Operation Panzerfaust in Hungary: Nazi Germany forcefully replaced the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), royalist Hungarian government of Regent Miklós Horthy with the pro-Nazi Government of National Unity (Hungary), Government of National Unity, led by Ferenc Szálasi. *El Salvador: On 20 October, Andrés Ignacio Menéndez was overthrown by Osmín Aguirre y Salinas.

1945

*Kyūjō incident: *1945 Brazilian coup d'état: Getúlio Vargas's government ended in a coup led by General Mourão, one of his former supporters. *1945 Venezuelan coup d'état: Isaías Medina Angarita was overthrown in a coup, and Rómulo Betancourt was appointed to lead a civilian–military Junta (governing body), junta.

1946

* Gualberto Villarroel#Overthrow and death, Overthrow of Gualberto Villarroel in Bolivia: An enraged mob stormed the Palacio Quemado, Government Palace and lynched President Gualberto Villarroel.

1947

*1947 Thai coup d'état: A coup against Thawan Thamrongnawasawat resulted in the return of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. *Hungary: The democratically elected Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy stepped down in the face of blackmail from the Hungarian Communist Party, and was replaced by Lajos Dinnyés. *Romania: King of Romania, King Michael I of Romania, Michael was forced to abdicate and leave the country at the hands of the Romanian Communist Party.

1948

*1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état: The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, backed by the Soviets, asserted control over the government of Czechoslovakia, beginning four decades of communist rule. *Venezuela: The democratically elected government of Rómulo Gallegos was overthrown, and a military junta was installed with Carlos Delgado Chalbaud as its leader. *Alwaziri coup in the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen: Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, Imam Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din was killed and the rival Sayyid family, the Alwazirs, seized power for several weeks. *El Salvador: On 14 December, Salvador Castaneda Castro was overthrown in a coup led by many younger military officers.

1949

*March 1949 Syrian coup d'état: A bloodless military coup by U.S.-backed general Husni al-Za'im overthrew elected President of Syria, President Shukri al-Quwatli, allowing passage of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline. al-Za'im became President of Syria, and Muhsin al-Barazi became Prime Minister. *Syria: In August, Sami al-Hinnawi, along with several other officers of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, executed al-Za'im and al-Barazi, and installed Hashim al-Atassi as president. *Syria: In December, Adib Shishakli led a military coup. He kept al-Atassi as president, but arrested Sami al-Hinnawi to end Hashemites, Hashemite influence in Syria.

1950–1959

1951

*Manhattan Rebellion in Thailand: A coup attempt by officers of the Royal Thai Navy against the government of Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram failed on 29–30 June. *Silent Coup (Thailand), Silent Coup (also called the Radio Coup) in Thailand: The Army-led National Military Council of Thailand, National Military Council announced the dissolution of parliament, reinstatement of the 1932 constitution, and formation of a provisional government on 29 November. *Rawalpindi conspiracy in Pakistan: There was an unsuccessful coup attempt, planned by Major-General Akbar Khan (Pakistan), Akbar Khan of the Pakistani army against the government of Liaquat Ali Khan. *Argentina: A military coup attempt against Juan Perón was unsuccessful. *Bolivia: President Mamerto Urriolagoitía enacted a self-coup, known as the Mamertazo, and resigned in favor of General Hugo Ballivián in order to prevent elected reformist Víctor Paz Estenssoro from taking office.

1952

*Bolivian National Revolution: General Hugo Ballivián was overthrown by Hernán Siles Zuazo, who then ceded command to Víctor Paz Estenssoro. Paz had won the 1951 election, but was prevented from assuming office by self-coup. *Egyptian revolution of 1952: A group of army officers led by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King of Egypt, King Farouk of Egypt, Farouk and the Muhammad Ali dynasty, Muhammad Ali Dynasty. *Cuba: Fulgencio Batista led a bloodless coup to topple the democratically elected government.

1953

*1953 Iranian coup d'état: A coup, jointly led by the United States and United Kingdom and codenamed Operation Ajax, overthrew Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq. * 1953 Pakistani constitutional coup: Governor-General of Pakistan, Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Ghulam Mohammad, supported by Field Marshal Ayub Khan (general), Ayub Khan, dismissed the prime minister and dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, Constituent Assembly.

1954

*1954 Guatemalan coup d'état: The democratically elected government of Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was ousted by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas in an operation organized by the American Central Intelligence Agency and codenamed Operation PBSuccess. *Paraguay: A military coup brings Alfredo Stroessner to power. *Coup d'état of Yanaon: A coup d'état led by Dadala Raphael Ramanayya overthrew French rule in Yanaon, a French settlements in India, French colony in India. *Brazil: A coup attempt led by Carlos Lacerda and Eduardo Gomes culminated in the murder of an Air Force officer. A member of President Getúlio Vargas's personal guard was implicated in the killing, which led to anger in the military and to generals demanding Vargas's resignation. Following growing unrest, Vargas killed himself, and was succeeded by Café Filho.

1955

*Brazil: A João Goulart#Lott vs Luz, counter-coup led by Marshal Henrique Teixeira Lott overthrew the government of Carlos Coimbra da Luz, Carlos Luz and prevented a coup against the elected president Juscelino Kubitschek. *Revolución Libertadora in Argentina: A military coup overthrew President Juan Perón.

1956

*Cuba: A military coup attempt, led by Colonel Ramón Barquín against President Fulgencio Batista, was unsuccessful.

1957

*Colombia: The military supported strikes and student riots, and deposed Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, giving power to the Colombian Military Junta and chairman Gabriel París Gordillo. *Fatti di Rovereta in San Marino: A quasi-coup led to the coexistence of two governments for a month. *Plaek Phibunsongkhram#1957 coup and exile, 1957 coup in Thailand: A coup by members of the Royal Thai Army, under the command of Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, resulted in the ouster and exile of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. *Anti-Party Group, Anti-Party Group coup attempt in the Soviet Union: A group of leaders within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, who would latter be dubbed the Anti-Party Group, "anti-party group" by Premier Nikita Khrushchev, unsuccessfully attempted to depose Khrushchev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Party. *Overthrow of provisional president Daniel Fignolé in Haiti.

1958

*Venezuela: After three weeks of protests, the Venezuelan military removed Marcos Pérez Jiménez and installed Wolfgang Larrazábal, commander of the Venezuelan Navy. *Pakistan: Army Chief and Defence Minister General Ayub Khan (Field Marshal), Ayub Khan led a military coup to overthrow the government of Iskander Mirza. *14 July Revolution in Iraq: The Kingdom of Iraq, Hashemite monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic (1958–1968), Iraqi Republic was established, with Abd al-Karim Qasim as Prime Minister. *May 1958 crisis in France: General Jacques Massu took over Algiers and threatened to invade Paris unless Charles de Gaulle became head of state.

1959

*1959 Mosul uprising in Iraq: A coup attempt by Arab nationalism, Arab nationalists against Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim failed. *Brazil: Air Force military hijacked a civilian airplane and attempted a coup against Juscelino Kubitschek. *Cuban Revolution: A successful coup against Fulgencio Batista, led by Fidel Castro, established a Cuba under Fidel Castro, communist-ruled Cuba. *1959 Laotian coup: Phoumi Nosavan took control of Laos in a bloodless coup.

1960–1969

1960

*1960 Turkish coup d'état: A coup against the Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961), Democrat Party government resulted in the institution of the Turkish Constitution of 1961. *Congo Crisis#Central government split and first Mobutu coup, First Mobutu coup in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A bloodless coup launched by Joseph-Désiré Mobutu replaced both President Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba with a College of Commissionaires-General, consisting of a panel of university graduates led by Justin Marie Bomboko, Justin Bomboko. *1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt: A group failed to overthrow Emperor Haile Selassie during a state visit. *1960 Laotian coups: Phoumi Nosavan, who came to power after a coup the previous year, was overthrown in August 1960 by his former ally Kong Le. A three-way conflict ensued, and an attempt by Kouprasith Abhay to seize power from Kong Le failed. Following the Battle of Vientiane, Phoumi Nosavan regained power. *El Salvador: On 26 October, José María Lemus was overthrown by the Junta of Government (El Salvador), Junta of Government. *1960 Nepal coup d'état in Nepal: On 15 December, King Mahendra of Nepal dismissed the B.P. Koirala cabinet, 1959, cabinet of B. P. Koirala and imprisoned B. P. Koirala, Koirala.

1961

*El Salvador: On 25 January, the Civic-Military Directory overthrew the Junta of Government (El Salvador), Junta of Government. *May 16 coup in South Korea: Park Chung Hee led a coup, ending the Second Republic of South Korea and establishing the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction. *Sanmu Incident in Japan: Right-wing extremists from the Japan Self-Defense Forces attempted a coup, but were foiled by the National Police Agency (Japan), National Police Agency. *Algiers putsch of 1961 in France: In the midst of the Algerian War, four retired Army generals failed to overthrow president Charles de Gaulle, who himself came to power through the May 1958 crisis, 1958 military coup d'état. *1961 revolt in Somalia: A group of military officers failed in an attempt to dismantle the union of the two states of Somaliland and Somalia.

1962

*Coups d'état in Argentina#Coup of 29 March 1962, Coup of 29 March 1962 in Argentina: President Arturo Frondizi was overthrown by the military while abroad, and José María Guido became president. *Yemen: A military coup in Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen began the North Yemen Civil War. *1962 Ceylonese coup d'état attempt: Christian officers in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) failed to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. *1962 Burmese coup d'état: A coup led by General Ne Win overthrew the constitutionally elected government of Prime Minister U Nu.

1963

*Guatemala: Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes was overthrown by the military. Enrique Peralta Azurdia took power and established the Institutional Democratic Party until elections took place in 1966. *Dominican Republic: The military overthrew President Juan Bosch (politician), Juan Bosch in September 1963, only seven months into his term as the first democratically elected president in the Dominican Republic since 1924. Bosch was replaced by a military junta, junta until it was overthrown in 1965. *Turkey: A military coup attempt failed in Turkey. *1963 South Vietnamese coup: A group of officers in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, supported by the United States, deposed Leaders of South Vietnam, President Ngô Đình Diệm and the Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party. *Ecuador: A military coup occurred. *1963 Togolese coup d'état in Togo: Coup leaders including Emmanuel Bodjollé, Étienne Eyadéma (later Gnassingbé Eyadéma), and Kléber Dadjo took over government buildings, arrested most of the cabinet, and assassinated Togo's first president, Sylvanus Olympio, outside the American embassy in Lomé. Nicolas Grunitzky and Antoine Meatchi, both exiled political opponents of Olympio, formed a new government. *1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état: Christophe Soglo took control of the Republic of Dahomey (later Benin). *Ramadan Revolution (also known as the 8 February Revolution) in Iraq: The Ba'ath Party's Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, Iraqi wing overthrew Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim. *1963 Syrian coup d'état (also known as the 8 March Revolution): The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region#Military Bureau, military committee of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Syrian Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party seized power, overthrowing President Nazim al-Qudsi, Nazim al-Kudsi and beginning Syria#Ba'athist Syria, Ba'athist rule in Syria. * 1963 Honduran coup d'état: The military overthrew the democratic government of Honduras ten days before a scheduled election. Oswaldo López Arellano took power from Ramón Villeda Morales, preventing the likely succession of Modesto Rodas Alvarado. *November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état: Pro-Nasserism, Nasserist Iraqi officers within the Ba'ath Party led a successful coup.

1964

* ''Piano Solo'' in Italy: A plot for an Italian coup was created in 1964 at the request of then president of the Italian Republic, Antonio Segni. * Zanzibar Revolution: Local revolutionaries overthrow Sultanate of Zanzibar, Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar, Jamshid bin Abdullah, ending the Sultanate of Zanzibar and establishing the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. * 1964 Brazilian coup d'état: Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, Humberto Castelo Branco was installed as president after a military coup overthrew João Goulart. * January 1964 South Vietnamese coup: A military coup overthrew Dương Văn Minh's military junta. *1964 Bolivian coup d'état: Vice President René Barrientos and General Alfredo Ovando Candía overthrew President Víctor Paz Estenssoro. * 1964 Gabonese coup d'état: Gabonese military officers overthrew President Léon M'ba and established a provisional government with Jean-Hilaire Aubame as president. The provisional government was toppled shortly afterwards with the help of France, and M'ba was reinstated. * 1964 Laotian coups: Policemen of the Directorate of National Coordination overthrew the Royal Lao Government in April, but the successful coup was overturned five days later by U.S. Ambassador Leonard Unger. In August, a second coup was attempted when Defense Minister Phoumi Nosavan tried to take over Vientiane with a training battalion; this was quickly quashed by the Royal Laotian Army's troops.

1965

*1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt: A conspiracy by officials in the Bulgarian Communist Party and officers in the Bulgarian People's Army to overthrow Todor Zhivkov was uncovered, and foiled before the coup could be carried out. *1965 Algerian coup d'état: After a military 1965 Algerian coup d'état, coup in Algeria, Defense Minister Colonel Houari Boumedienne took power. *Indonesia: Members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces calling themselves the 30 September Movement began a coup attempt and assassinated six Indonesian Army generals. The attempted coup failed, and was blamed on the Communist Party of Indonesia, which led to a Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, mass purge of actual and suspected members of the party and sympathizers. While who is behind the initial coup is still being debated, Major General Soeharto took advantage of the chaos to exile First Indonesian President Sukarno and install a dictatorship that would last until 1998 a couple years later. *Mobutu Sese Seko#Second coup and consolidation of power, Second Mobutu coup in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in a bloodless coup after Parliament twice refused to confirm Évariste Kimba as Prime Minister. *1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt: A group of Hutu, ethnic Hutu officers from the National Defence Force (Burundi)#Historical outline 1962–1993, Burundian military wounded the Prime Minister of Burundi, but ultimately failed to overthrow the government. *Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état in the Central African Republic: Central African Republic army leader Jean-Bédel Bokassa and his military officers staged a coup against the government of President David Dacko. *1965 Laotian coups: Two simultaneous and independent January coups failed. One was led by General Phoumi Nosavan, who had participated in four prior coup attempts against the Royal Lao Government; the other was led by Colonel Bounleuth Saycocie.

1966

*Ghana#Operation Cold Chop and aftermath, Operation Cold Chop in Ghana: The Ghana Armed Forces, led by Colonel Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka, overthrew Kwame Nkrumah while he was abroad. The National Liberation Council was formed, and Lieutenant General Joseph Arthur Ankrah was installed as chairman. *1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état in Republic of Upper Volta, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso): On 3 January, Sangoulé Lamizana overthrew Maurice Yaméogo. *1966 Syrian coup d'état: The ruling National Command of the Ba'ath Party, National Command of the Ba'ath Party, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party were removed from power by a union of the party's Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region#Military Bureau, Military Committee and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Regional Command, under the leadership of Salah Jadid. *1966 Nigerian coup d'état: In January, mutinous Nigerian soldiers led by Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu and Emmanuel Ifeajuna killed 22 people including the Prime Minister of Nigeria and many senior politicians and Army officers. The General Officer Commanding the Nigerian Army, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, was compelled to take control of the government. *Abu Dhabi: Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan was deposed in a bloodless coup and replaced by his brother, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. *1966 Nigerian counter-coup: In a reaction to the January coup, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was assassinated, and conspirators appointed Yakubu Gowon as head of state. *Argentine Revolution: President Arturo Illia was overthrown by military forces supporting the leadership of General Juan Carlos Onganía, who became de facto president. *1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'état attempt (also known as the Bathroom coup): 31 suspects, including the commander of the army, were arrested for allegedly plotting to overthrow the government of Dudley Senanayake. They were later unanimously acquitted. * 1966 Laotian coup d'état: General Thao Ma, who wished to reserve the transports Royal Lao Air Force for strictly military use, was forced into exile by fellow generals angling to use the transports for smuggling opium and gold. * Saudi Arabia: A coup attempt against King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Faisal failed.

1967

*Coup d'état of 21 April 1967, Coup d'état of 21 April in Greece: A group of colonels 1967 Greek coup d'état, overthrew the caretaker government a month before 1967 Greek legislative election, scheduled elections which Georgios Papandreou's Centre Union was favoured to win. *Operation Guitar Boy in Ghana: A coup attempt led by a group of junior officers of the Military of Ghana, Ghana Armed Forces resulted in the assassination of Lieutenant General Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka, Ghana's Chief of the Defence Staff (Ghana), Chief of the Defence Staff. However, the coup itself was unsuccessful. *Togo: In a bloodless coup, Gnassingbé Eyadéma overthrew Nicolas Grunitzky and began a 38-year rule. *Sierra Leone#1967 General Election and military coups (1967–1968), 1967 coups in Sierra Leone: On 21 March, Brigadier David Lansana led a bloodless military coup against Prime Minister Siaka Stevens, who had taken office hours earlier after a 1967 Sierra Leonean general election, closely contested election. Lansana declared himself interim leader, placing Stevens under house arrest and later releasing him, at which point Stevens went into exile. On 23 March, Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith led a group of military officers to seize control of the government, arrest Lansana, and suspend the constitution. They established the National Reformation Council and made Juxon-Smith the chairman. *Biafra: Biafra, Biafran Army colonel Victor Banjo plotted a coup against Biafran President Odumegwu Ojukwu. The coup plot was uncovered by an informant, and Banjo and two other conspirators were executed on 22 September. *Transition to the New Order in Indonesia: Suharto overthrew Sukarno in a military coup in Indonesia, beginning the New Order (Indonesia), New Order and Suharto's 31-year presidency.

1968

*1968 Panamanian coup d'état: A military coup overthrew President Arnulfo Arias Madrid. *17 July Revolution in Iraq: A bloodless coup led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, and Abd ar-Rahman al-Dawud ousted President Abdul Rahman Arif and Prime Minister Tahir Yahya and brought the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, Iraqi Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power. *1968 Peruvian coup d'état: General Juan Velasco Alvarado led a coup against President Fernando Belaúnde. *Sergeants' Coup (Sierra Leone), Sergeants' Coup in Sierra Leone: A military coup against Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith by Brigadier John Amadu Bangura restored Siaka Stevens as Prime Minister. * 1968 Malian coup d'état: Lieutenant Moussa Traoré, Moussa Traore led a bloodless military coup against President Modibo Keïta, Modibo Keita.

1969

*1969 Libyan coup d'état (also known as the al-Fateh Revolution or the 1 September Revolution): Muammar al-Gaddafi led a group of military officers to overthrow the monarchy of King Idris of Libya, Idris, resulting in the abolition of the Libyan monarchy and establishment of the Libyan Arab Republic. *1969 Sudanese coup d'état: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry led a military coup to overthrow the government of President Ismail al-Azhari. *Brazilian military junta of 1969: Pedro Aleixo, the legal vice president of Brazil, was replaced by a military junta after Artur da Costa e Silva suffered a stroke. *1969 Saudi Arabian coup d'état attempt: A failed coup d'état, planned by numerous high-ranking members of the Royal Saudi Air Force, resulted in King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Faisal ordering the arrest of hundreds of military officers. *Bolivia: General Alfredo Ovando Candía overthrew President Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas. *1969 Somali coup d'état: Military officers led by Siad Barre overthrew President Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein and Prime Minister Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Mohammad Egal, leading to Barre's Somali Democratic Republic, 21-year-long military rule and the imposition of an authoritarian government.

1970–1979

1970

*Corrective Movement (Syria)#Events, Corrective Revolution in Syria: Hafez al-Assad overthrew the government of Salah Jadid in a bloodless coup. *Bolivia: A Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970 (Bolivia), junta of commanders of the Bolivian army enact a coup, but the highly polarized military forces were split. President Alfredo Ovando Candía sought asylum in a foreign embassy, believing all hope was lost, but leftist military forces reasserted control under the leadership of General Juan José Torres. Embarrassed by his quick abandonment of the fight and exhausted by a grueling 13 months in office, Ovando agreed to leave the presidency in Torres's hands. *1970 Omani coup d'état: Qaboos bin Said, with the support of the British, ousted his father Said bin Taimur in a bloodless coup during the Dhofar Rebellion. *''Golpe Borghese'' (Borghese Coup) in Italy: A coup plot in Italy by Neo-fascism, neo-fascist groups failed to materialize. *Mishima Incident in Japan: After barricading the headquarters of the Eastern Command of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and tying the commandant to a chair, Yukio Mishima, the leader of the Tatenokai, delivered a speech to soldiers gathered outside, intending to inspire a coup. After this failed, Mishima committed seppuku. *1970 Cambodian coup d'état: Chief of State Norodom Sihanouk was ousted in a military coup, and Prime Minister Lon Nol took power. *Chile: With the United States Central Intelligence Agency strongly invested in Salvador Allende not coming to power in the 1970 Chilean presidential election, the CIA discussed several possible coup options.

1971

* 1971 Turkish military memorandum: The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces delivered a memorandum demanding the formation of a "strong and credible government, which will neutralise the current anarchical situation". * 1971 Ugandan coup d'état: A military coup led by General Idi Amin overthrew the government of President Milton Obote while he was abroad, and installed Amin as dictator. * Thailand: Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn#Self-coup, Thanom Kittikachorn launched a self-coup against his own government, dissolving parliament and appointing himself Chairman of the National Executive Council. * 1971 Sudanese coup d'état: Major Hashem al Atta leads a short-lived coup against the government of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and President Jaafar Nimeiry. Several days later, Nimeiry loyalists enacted a counter-coup, toppling Atta's government and executing him. * Project 571 in China: An alleged Project 571, coup plot was developed against the Chinese leader Mao Zedong by the supporters of Lin Biao, then Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, vice-chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. Any attempts that may have been made at the coup ultimately failed. * Morocco: A coup attempt was organized by General Mohamed Medbouh and Colonel M'hamed Ababou and carried out by cadets during a diplomatic function at King Hassan II of Morocco, Hassan II's summer palace in Rabat. The King and important guests were detained, and plotters took control of Rabat's radio station to say that the king had been killed and a republic had been founded. Royalist troops regained the palace and ended the coup attempt. *Bolivia: General Hugo Banzer overthrew President Juan José Torres and established a military dictatorship.

1972

*Ghana: Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong led a coup to overthrow the democratically elected government of the Progress Party (Ghana), Progress Party and its leader Kofi Abrefa Busia on 13 January. *Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, Martial law declared in the Philippines: President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in a self-coup, beginning 14 years of authoritarian rule. *October Yusin (or October Restoration) in South Korea: President Park Chung-hee assumed dictatorial powers in a self-coup on 17 October. *1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état: Major Mathieu Kérékou led a coup that overthrew the Dahomeyan Presidential Council (Benin), Presidential Council. *Honduras: On 4 December, General Oswaldo López Arellano led the Armed Forces of Honduras to oust President Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés after only 18 months in power.

1973

*El Tanquetazo in Chile: Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Souper launched a failed coup against President Salvador Allende. *1973 Afghan coup d'état: Former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew the King Mohammed Zahir Shah and established a Republic of Afghanistan (1973—1978), Republic. *Pakistan: 59 military officers were arrested after allegedly plotting to overthrow the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. *1973 Rwandan coup d'état: Army Chief of Staff Juvénal Habyarimana overthrew President Gregoire Kayibanda in a military coup. *1973 Chilean coup d'état: On 11 September, General Augusto Pinochet led a group of military officers to seize power from President Salvador Allende, and installed a Government Junta of Chile (1973), junta headed by Pinochet. *1973 Uruguayan coup d'état: President Juan María Bordaberry, with the assistance of a junta of military generals, dissolved Parliament in a self-coup. *Greece: On 25 November, Army hardliners led by Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis overthrew the hitherto leader of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, Greek junta, President Georgios Papadopoulos. * 1973 Laotian coup d'état attempt: Exiled General Thao Ma took over a Laotian airfield and led air strikes on the office and home of General Kouprasith Abhay in an attempt to stave off a communist coalition government in Laos. Royalist forces retook the airfield, and shot down and executed Thao Ma when he returned after the bombings, which had failed to kill Kouprasith.

1974

*Carnation Revolution in Portugal: A coup organized by the Armed Forces Movement ended the dictatorship of Marcello Caetano. *1974 Cypriot coup d'état: Members of the Greek military overthrew President Makarios III and triggered Cyprus dispute, invasion by Turkey. * Uganda: An attempted military coup against Idi Amin failed. *Ethiopia: The Derg, a communist junta led by General Aman Andom and Mengistu Haile Mariam, enacted a coup and overthrew Haile Selassie.

1975

*Comoros: Mercenary Bob Denard, on orders from Jacques Foccart, overthrew President Ahmed Abdallah. *1975 Nigerian coup d'état: A faction of junior military officers overthrew Yakubu Gowon and appointed Brigadier Murtala Muhammed as head of state. * Pyjamas coup, 24 February 1975 Pyjama coup was a failed conspiracy by far-right Greek military officers, to re-establish the Greek junta. The term "pyjamas coup" was coined by then-Defense Minister Evangelos Averoff. *15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état: Army officers killed Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad announced the formation of a new government with himself as leader. *3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état: General Khaled Mosharraf led a military coup to overthrown Khondaker Mostaq Ahmed, who had come to power in a coup months earlier. *7 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état: Left wing army personnel killed General Khaled Mosharraf and paved the way for Ziaur Rahman to take power. Rahman would go on to survive as many as Military coups in Bangladesh#Failed Attempts 1977 to 1980, 21 assassination and coup attempts until his 1981 assassination. *1975 Chadian coup d'état: Members of the military overthrew and killed President François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye, François Tombalbaye and replaced him with Noël Milarew Odingar. *1975 Australian constitutional crisis (also known as "the Dismissal"): A constitutional crisis occurred in Australia. It has been referred to by some, including author John Pilger, as a "soft coup" due to allegations of involvement by British and American intelligence agencies in the removal of then-Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.

1976

*Ecuador: A bloodless military coup removed Guillermo Rodríguez (politician), Guillermo Rodríguez from power. *China: A bloodless coup overthrew the Gang of Four, which had been led by Chairman Mao Zedong's widow, Jiang Qing. *History of Thailand (1973–2001)#Return to military rule, Coup in Thailand: A military coup on the evening of the 6 October 1976 massacre installed an ultra-right government with Thanin Kraivichien as prime minister. *1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt: Military officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Buka Suka Dimka succeeded in assassinating General Murtala Muhammed, but failed to enact a coup. *1976 Argentine coup d'état: A military coup overthrew Isabel Perón and led to the National Reorganization Process.

1977

*Operation Fair Play in Pakistan: Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq led a coup to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. *1977 Seychelles coup d'état: Supporters of the United Seychelles party overthrew President James Mancham and installed France-Albert René as president. *Thailand: A group of Royal Thai Army officers, led by General Prasert Thammasiri, failed to overthrow Prime Minister Thanin Kraivichien. *October 1977 Thai coup d'état: General Kriangsak Chamanan, Kriangsag Chamanan led a bloodless military coup against Prime Minister Thanin Kraivichien.

1978

*Saur Revolution (also known as the April Revolution) in Afghanistan: The Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan overthrew and killed President Mohammed Daoud Khan, and Nur Muhammad Taraki took power. *1978 Somali coup d'état attempt: A group of military officials failed to overthrow President Siad Barre. Most of the plotters, including coup leader Colonel Mohamed Osman Irro, were summarily executed. However, some prominent officials, including Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, survived and formed the first resistance group against Barre known as the Somali Salvation Democratic Front.Nina J. Fitzgerald, ''Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography'', (Nova Publishers: 2002), p.25. * Operation Galaxia in Spain: A plot to stop the Spanish transition to democracy was planned for 17 November. However, some officers present at the planning informed their superiors, and the plan was thwarted. *Bolivia: After the annulment of a 1978 Bolivian general election, fraudulent election in which term-limited Hugo Banzer ensured the win of his surrogate, Juan Pereda, then denounced Pereda and blamed him for the rigged election, Pereda launched a coup and was sworn in as president. Pereda himself was overthrown several months later by David Padilla, who briefly served as president until new elections could be held.

1979

*Iranian Revolution: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the Pahlavi dynasty were overthrown, and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini took power. *Coup d'état of December Twelfth in South Korea: Major General Chun Doo-hwan led a coup against Choi Kyu-hah, and early the next year installed himself as president. *Bolivia: Alberto Natusch enacted a coup against the interim government of Wálter Guevara, but resigned after just sixteen days. As a face-saving measure, Natusch secured an agreement that Guevara wouldn't return as president, and Lidia Gueiler became interim president. *June 4th revolution in Ghana: Jerry John Rawlings and others led a military uprising that removed leader Fred Akuffo from power, following an unsuccessful attempt the month before. *1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état: Deputy defense minister Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo overthrew his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, and established the Supreme Military Council (Equatorial Guinea), Supreme Military Council. *Operation Barracuda and the Central African Empire#Overthrow, overthrow of the Central African Empire: A French-led coup overthrew Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa on 20 September, ending the Central African Empire and restoring the Central African Republic with David Dacko as president. *1979 Salvadoran coup d'état: Military officers overthrew President Carlos Humberto Romero and established the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador. *Operation Storm-333: Babrak Karmal overthrows Hafizullah Amin and established a pro-Soviet, Parcham-dominated government.

1980–1989

1980

*Coup d'état of May Eighteenth in South Korea: On May 17, General Chun Doo-hwan forced the State Council of South Korea, Cabinet to extend martial law to the whole nation, which had previously not applied to Jeju-do. On May 18, citizens of Gwangju rose up against Chun Doo-hwan's military dictatorship and took control of the city. In the course of the uprising, Gwangju Uprising, citizens took up arms to defend themselves, but were ultimately crushed by the army. On May 20, 1980, Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo ordered the National Assembly of Korea, National Assembly to be Dissolution of parliament, dissolved by deploying troops in the National Assembly. *1980 Bolivian coup d'état: General Luis García Meza enacted a violent military coup against his cousin, President Lidia Gueiler, who subsequently fled the country. The coup began the rule of the Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980 (Bolivia), first Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces. *1980 Turkish coup d'état: On 12 September, the National Security Council (Turkey), National Security Council, headed by Chief of the Turkish General Staff, Chief of the General Staff Kenan Evren, General Kenan Evren, declared a coup d'état on the national channel. The Council then extended martial law throughout the country, abolished the Turkish Grand National Assembly, Parliament and the government, suspended the Constitution, and banned all political parties and trade unions. *Liberia: A military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe overthrew the government led by President William Tolbert, ending 102 years of continuous rule by the True Whig Party. *Guinea Bissau: Prime Minister and commander of the armed forces, João Bernardo Vieira, overthrew the government. *1980 Surinamese coup d'état (also known as the Sergeants' Coup): A group of military officers, led by Dési Bouterse, overthrew the government of Prime Minister Henck Arron. The coup began a military dictatorship that lasted until 1991. *1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état: Colonel Saye Zerbo led a military coup and overthrew President Sangoulé Lamizana. *Nojeh coup plot in Iran: A plot by military officers to overthrow the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution, newly established Government of Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran and its government of Abolhassan Banisadr and Ruhollah Khomeini was largely thwarted by the arrest of hundreds of officers at Nojeh Air Base.

1981

*1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt (also known as 23-F or the Tejerazo): Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero attempted a coup in which members of the military entered the Congress of Deputies during the vote to elect a List of Prime Ministers of Spain, President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, but surrendered the next morning without killing anyone. *1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt: Members of the Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party and disaffected staff of the Gambia Armed Forces, Gambia Field Force led a failed coup against President Dawda Jawara, who was in the United Kingdom. The attempt was quashed by the Senegalese armed forces. *Assassination of Ziaur Rahman in Bangladesh: A faction of officers of the Bangladesh Army succeeded in assassinating President Ziaur Rahman, who had survived many prior assassination attempts. The army suppressed the coup, and Vice President Abdus Sattar (president), Abdus Sattar became acting president. *Suriname: Wilfred Hawker led an attempted coup against the government of Dési Bouterse, who had come to power in a coup the previous year. The coup failed, and Hawker was imprisoned and later executed. *1981 Central African Republic coup d'état: General André Kolingba overthrew President David Dacko, who was out of the country, in a bloodless coup. *Jerry Rawlings#1981 coup and reforms, 1981 Ghanaian coup d'état: On 31 December, Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings overthrew Hilla Limann and the People's National Party (Ghana), People's National Party, and established the Provisional National Defence Council. *1981 Seychelles coup d'état attempt (also known as the Seychelles affair or Operation Angela): A South African-orchestrated coup attempt failed to overthrow the government of Prime Minister France-Albert René in Seychelles and install the previous president James Mancham to power. *Martial law in Poland, Institution of martial law in Poland: General Wojciech Jaruzelski formed the Military Council of National Salvation and announced the institution of martial law in the country.

1982

*1982 Bangladesh coup d'état: General Hussain Muhammad Ershad led a military coup to depose the civilian government, led by President Abdus Sattar (president), Abdus Sattar, and install Ershad into power. *1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt: An attempted military coup failed to overthrow the government of President Daniel arap Moi. *Surendre Rambocus#Rambocus coup d'état, Rambocus coup attempt in Suriname: Surendre Rambocus and Wilfred Hawker attempted a coup against the government of Dési Bouterse. The attempt failed, and the plotters were arrested and later executed. *1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état: Colonel Gabriel Yoryan Somé led a military coup to overthrow the regime of Colonel Saye Zerbo, installing Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo as president.

1983

*1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état attempt: A few months after the Somé-led coup deposed Zerbo, several army officers decided to kill members of the Council of Popular Salvation and restore Zerbo to power. The plotters were arrested before they were able to do so. *1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état: On 3 August, Captain Blaise Compaoré deposed President Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo and installed Thomas Sankara as president. *1983 Nigerian coup d'état: Members of the Nigerian military led a coup, ousting the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari. They installed Major General Muhammadu Buhari as leader of the Supreme Military Council (Ghana), Supreme Military Council, the country's new ruling body. *Grenada: In a military coup, Deputy Prime Minister Maurice Bishop was placed under house arrest. Bishop, who enjoyed popularity among the Grenadian population, was freed by supporters, and Bishop and some of his co-conspirators were executed. After the execution, the People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada), People's Revolutionary Army (PRA) formed a military Marxist government with General Hudson Austin as chairman. The United States invasion of Grenada, United States invaded Grenada shortly after.

1984

*1984 Cameroonian coup d'état attempt: Some members of the Presidential Guard (Cameroon), Presidential Guard failed to overthrow President Paul Biya. *1984 Mauritanian coup d'état: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya rose to power after a coup that overthrew President Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla. *1984 Guinean coup d'état: Colonel Lansana Conté led a coup, deposing Louis Lansana Beavogui and taking power himself. *Romania: A tentative

planned in October 1984 failed when the military unit assigned to carry out the plan was sent to harvest maize instead. *Bolivia: During an ultimately unsuccessful coup attempt, the military arrested President Hernán Siles Zuazo for ten hours.

1985

*1985 Ugandan coup d'état: Brigadier Bazilio Olara-Okello and General Tito Okello led a coup against President Milton Obote. They briefly ruled the country via a military council, but after a few months of near chaos, Yoweri Museveni and the National Resistance Army took control. *1985 Nigerian coup d'état: Chief of Army Staff General Ibrahim Babangida led a military coup which replaced Major General Muhammadu Buhari, and replaced the Supreme Military Council (Ghana), Supreme Military Council with the Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria), Armed Forces Ruling Council. *1985 Sudanese coup d'état: Defense Minister and Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, led a coup against the government of President Jaafar Nimeiry.

1986

*Philippines: A coup attempt led by Juan Ponce Enrile and Gregorio Honasan failed when President Ferdinand Marcos learned of it and arrested the leaders. However, it was one of the events that led to the People Power Revolution, which did eventually result in Marcos' fall from power. *1986 Lesotho coup d'état: General Justin Lekhanya led a coup that overthrew the long-time rule of Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan. *1986–1990 Philippine coup attempts, 1986 Philippine coup attempts: Two attempted coups failed in the Philippines.

1987

*Aldo Rico#The Carapintada uprising, The Carapintada uprising in Argentina: Lieutenant Colonel Aldo Rico and Carapintadas, Carapintada followers took up arms to make demands of the Argentine government. However, the public was sensitive to any military demands following decades of coups, and rallied around Alfonsin. *1986–1990 Philippine coup attempts, 1987 Philippine coup attempts: Four attempted coups failed in the Philippines. *1987 Fijian coups d'état: Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka overthrew the government of Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra. After temporarily handing power to a council of ministers, in September that year, Rabuka seized control of the country again, deposed Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, and declared Fiji a republic. *1987 Burkinabé coup d'état: On 15 October, President Thomas Sankara was assassinated in a coup, and coup leader Captain Blaise Compaoré was installed as president. *1987 Tunisian coup d'état: Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrew President Habib Bourguiba. *Sierra Leone: On 23 March, police reported that a group of conspirators, including Vice President Francis Minah, was plotting to assassinate President Joseph Saidu Momoh and stage a coup after they raided a house in Freetown and discovered a cache of weapons, including rocket launchers. Minah and seventeen other alleged conspirators were convicted of treason and sentenced to death.

1988

*8888 Uprising#SLORC coup and crackdown, SLORC coup in State Peace and Development Council, Burma: Following 8888 Uprising, nationwide protests, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) enacted a bloody military coup and imposed martial law. *Argentina: Aldo Rico, who had been imprisoned following a 1987 coup attempt, escaped prison and began a new attempt to overthrow President Raúl Alfonsín. Rico surrendered after a brief combat with the Argentinian army. *Argentina: Colonel Mohamed Alí Seineldín, backed by the Carapintadas, launched a coup attempt against President Alfonsin, but he and the other conspirators were jailed. *June 1988 Haitian coup d'état: Henri Namphy overthrew President Leslie Manigat and declared himself president. *September 1988 Haitian coup d'état: Prosper Avril overthrew President Namphy, who had come to power in a coup only months earlier. *Panama: In March, a coup was attempted against Manuel Noriega, but was suppressed. *1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt: A group of Maldivians, assisted by mercenaries, gained control of the capital and major government buildings, but the coup ultimately failed after intervention by Indian armed forces.

1989

*1989 Philippine coup d'état attempt: Members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines belonging to the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) and soldiers loyal to former President Ferdinand Marcos nearly seized the presidential palace, but were defeated. *1989 Burkinabé coup d'état attempt: A coup was allegedly attempted by Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani, Baptiste Boukary Lingani, Henri Zongo, and others against President Blaise Compaoré. After the plot was discovered, alleged conspirators were arrested and summarily executed. *Ethiopia: On 16 May, while President Mengistu Haile Mariam was out of the country for a four-day state visit to East Germany, senior military officials attempted a coup and the Minister of Defense, Haile Giyorgis Habte Mariam, was killed. Mengistu quickly returned, and nine generals, including the air force commander and the army chief of staff, died as the coup was crushed. *1989 Paraguayan coup d'état (also known as La Noche de la Candelaria): General Andrés Rodríguez (politician), Andrés Rodríguez led a bloody coup against the regime of long-time leader Alfredo Stroessner. *1989 Sudanese coup d'état: Omar al-Bashir led a military coup on 30 June against the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi and President Ahmed al-Mirghani. *1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt: Major Moisés Giroldi led a failed coup attempt, supported by a group of officers who had returned from a United Nations Transition Assistance Group, United Nations peacekeeping mission in Namibia. Although the plotters succeeded in capturing Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, the coup was quickly suppressed. Giroldi and nine others were executed, and another participant in the coup attempt died in prison after being tortured.

1990–1999

1990

*1990 Nigerian coup d'état attempt: Major Gideon Orkar attempted to overthrow the government of General Ibrahim Babangida. Though successful in seizing military posts, a radio station, and the presidential residence, Orkar and others involved in the coup were captured by government troops, convicted of treason, and later executed. *1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt: On 6 March, General Shahnawaz Tanai attempted to overthrow President Mohammad Najibullah of the Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992), Republic of Afghanistan. The coup attempt failed and Tanai was forced to flee to Pakistan. *Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt in Trinidad and Tobago: Jamaat al Muslimeen, a radical Islamist group, held hostages (including Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson and other government officials) at the The Red House (Trinidad and Tobago), Red House and at the headquarters of the state-owned national television broadcaster, Trinidad and Tobago Television, Trinidad and Tobago Television (TTT). On 1 August, the insurgents surrendered. *Argentina: Mohamed Alí Seineldín and other Carapintadas made a second attempt at overthrowing the Argentine government, now led by President Carlos Menem. The coup failed, and Seineldín was sentenced to life imprisonment, which he served until his 2003 pardon. *1990 Chadian coup d'état: The forces of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), a Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libyan–backed rebel group under the leadership of General Idriss Déby, entered the Chadian capital N'Djamena unopposed. After three months of provisional government, the MPS approved a national charter on February 28, 1991, with Déby as president. *1990 Surinamese coup d'état (also known as the Telephone Coup): Acting commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army (SNL), Police Chief Ivan Graanoogst, dismissed President Ramsewak Shankar by telephone on 24 December. On 27 December, the government was dismissed, the National Assembly was dissolved, and Johan Kraag was appointed as president on 29 December. On 31 December, Dési Bouterse was reappointed as commander-in-chief of the SNL.

1991

*1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt (also known as the August Coup): Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist leaders of the Soviet Union failed to take control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the party. *1991 Haitian coup d'état: The Armed Forces of Haiti deposed President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Superior Court justice Joseph Nérette was installed as provisional president. *1991 Thai coup d'état: The National Peace Keeping Council, a military junta, overthrew the elected civilian government of Chatichai Choonhavan in 1991. *1991–92 Georgian coup d'état (also known as the Tbilisi War or the Putsch of 1991–92): A military coup removed President Zviad Gamsakhurdia from office. *1991 Malian coup d'état: A military coup overthrew Moussa Traoré, who had been dictator for over two decades. *Somalia: Guerrilla forces, including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south, performed a successful coup against the Siad Barre government. Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Mohamed Farah Aideed, the general most responsible for the coup, declared himself the ruling president.

1992

*1992 Algerian coup d'état: A military coup in Algeria canceled elections and forced President Chadli Bendjedid to resign. *1992 Peruvian coup d'état: In a self-coup on 5 April, President Alberto Fujimori dissolved the Peruvian congress and judiciary and assumed full legislative and judicial powers. *Peru: On 13 November, General Jaime Salinas Sedó led a group of military officers in attempting to overthrow President Fujimori, but was unsuccessful. *1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts: There were two unsuccessful coup attempts against Carlos Andrés Pérez, in February and November; the first led by Hugo Chávez. *1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état: A group of young military officers, led by Captain Valentine Strasser, took control of the government on 29 April. They deposed President Joseph Saidu Momoh and Strasser took control of the government.

1993

*1993 Russian constitutional crisis (also known as the 1993 October Coup, Black October, the Shooting of the White House (Moscow), White House or Ukase 1400): President Boris Yeltsin successfully launched a self-coup, illegally dissolving the Russian parliament. *1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis: President Jorge Serrano Elías unsuccessfully launched a self-coup, illegally suspending the constitution and dissolving Congress and the Supreme Court. Facing protests and international pressure, Serrano resigned the presidency and fled the country. He was briefly replaced by Vice President Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, but after Espina was found by the Supreme Court to have been involved in the coup, Congress replaced him with Ramiro de León Carpio. *1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état: On 1 September, militia led by military commander Surat Huseynov overthrew President Abulfaz Elchibey and brought Heydar Aliyev to power.

1994

*1994 Bophuthatswana crisis: Lucas Mangope was overthrown by the South African Defence Force (SADF). *1994 Gambian coup d'état: A group of soldiers led by Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh seized power in a bloodless coup on 22 July, ousting Dawda Jawara, who had been President of the Gambia since its independence in 1970.

1995

*1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt (also known as the Turkish coup in Baku): members of the Azerbaijani military, led by Colonel Rovshan Javadov, Rovshan Javado, aimed to take control of the country from president Heydar Aliyev and reinstall former president Abulfaz Elchibey. The coup was foiled when the Turkish President Süleyman Demirel became aware of elements in Turkey supporting the plot, and called Aliyev to warn him. On 17 March, units of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces surrounded the insurgents' camp and assaulted it, killing Colonel Javadov. *1995 Qatari coup d'état: Crown Prince Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani who, with the support of the ruling House of Al Thani, Al Thani family, took control of the country while his father, Emir of Qatar, Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, was away.

1996

*1996 Qatari coup d'état attempt: Many members of the House of Al Thani, Al Thani family who were still allies of Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, who had been deposed in a coup the prior year, organized a coup to overthrow Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. However, the coup was discovered and thwarted. *1996 Burundian coup d'état: In the midst of the Burundi Civil War, former president Pierre Buyoya deposed President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya on 25 July. *1996 Iraqi coup d'état attempt: A coup attempt against President Saddam Hussein failed.

1997

*1997 Turkish military memorandum (also known as the Post-modern coup): Military decisions issued in a National Security Council (Turkey), National Security Council meeting on 28 February have been described as a coup. Although the parliament was not dissolved, the military pressure resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan. *1997 Cambodian coup d'état: Co-premier Hun Sen ousted the other co-premier, Norodom Ranariddh.

1998

*May 1998 riots of Indonesia: Mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest throughout Indonesia, triggered by economic problems including food shortages and mass unemployment, eventually led to Fall of Suharto, the resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order (Indonesia), New Order.

1999

*1999 Pakistani coup d'état: In a bloodless coup, military staff under Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Pervez Musharraf seized control of the civilian government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on 12 October. Musharraf declared a state of emergency and imposed martial law. Sharif was arrested and later exiled. *1999 Ivorian coup d'état: A group of soldiers led by Tuo Fozié rebelled on 23 December, overthrowing President Henri Konan Bédié.

2000–2009

2000

*2000 Ecuadorean coup d'état: President Jamil Mahuad was deposed and replaced by Vice President Gustavo Noboa. *2000 Fijian coup d'état: A civilian coup by hardline i-Taukei nationalists against the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry occurred on 19 May. President Kamisese Mara attempted to assert executive authority on 27 May, but gave his resignation, possibly forced, on 29 May. An interim government headed by Commodore Frank Bainimarama was set up, and handed power over to an interim administration headed by Josefa Iloilo, Ratu Josefa Iloilo, as president, on 13 July. *2000 Solomon Islands coup d'état: Rebel Malaita Eagle Forces led a coup against Prime Minister Bartholomew Ulufa'alu. Ulufa'alua was forced to resign, and was replaced by Manasseh Sogavare.

2001

* 2001 Burundian coup d'état attempt: A group of junior army officers attempted a coup against President Pierre Buyoya, who was out of the country. The conspirators briefly occupied a state-run radio station before being removed by forces loyal to the president. * 2001 Central African Republic coup d'état attempt: Commandos of the Central African Armed Forces attempted to overthrow President Ange-Félix Patassé. The coup failed, though violence continued in the capital for several days after.

2002

*Ivory Coast (also known as Côte d'Ivoire): A coup may have been attempted on 19 September, the first night of the First Ivorian Civil War. Former president Robert Guéï was killed; state government claimed it had happened as he attempted to lead a coup, but it was widely claimed that Guéï and fifteen others had been murdered in his home and his body moved. *2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt: President of Venezuela, President Hugo Chávez was ousted from office for 47 hours before being restored to power with the help of popular support (mostly labor unions) and members of the military.

2003

*2003 Central African Republic coup d'état: President Ange-Félix Patassé was overthrown while out of the country, when the forces of General François Bozizé took over the airport and presidential palace. *2003 Mauritanian coup d'état attempt: Major Saleh Ould Hanenna led a rebel section of the Army to attempt a coup against President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. The soldiers were defeated by troops loyal to the president. *2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt: Major Fernando Pereira (major), Fernando Pereira launched a coup against the government of President Fradique de Menezes. After a week with the Army in power, conspirators relinquished control following negotiations with the government. *Oakwood mutiny in the Philippines: A group of military defectors who came to be known as the ''Magdalo (faction), Magdalo'' (mutineers) forcibly occupied the Oakwood Premier apartments and demanded the resignation of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and other officials. They relinquished the apartments about 20 hours later after negotiations. *2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état: General Veríssimo Correia Seabra led a bloodless military coup against President Kumba Ialá. *2003 Burkinabé coup d'état attempt: A plot to overthrow President Blaise Compaoré was discovered and thwarted. *Sledgehammer (coup plan) an alleged Turkish Secularism in Turkey, secularist military coup plan dating back to 2003, in response to the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP) gaining office.

2004

*2004 Haitian coup d'état: President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was ousted during his second term, and an interim government led by Prime Minister Gérard Latortue and President Boniface Alexandre was installed. *2004 Chadian coup d'état attempt: A coup attempt against President Idriss Déby was suppressed after a brief exchange of fire. *2004 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état attempt (also known as the Wonga Coup): A plot was developed to replace President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo with exiled opposition politician, Severo Moto Nsá. However, the mercenaries who had been hired by mostly British financiers were arrested in Zimbabwe before they could carry out the plot. *Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven were the names of alleged Turkish military coup plans in 2004.

2005

coup attempt next to civil uprising known as the Andahuaylazo, directed by Antauro Humala in the city of Andahuaylas * Ecuador Ecuadorean Revolution of 2005, civil coup d'état of 2005. It resulted in the premature end of President Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa's term * Coup in Togo legalized by parliamentary vote but unrecognized by international community. * List of monarchs of Nepal, King Gyanendra of Nepal 2005 Nepal coup d'état, overthrows the government in a self-coup, making him the List of Prime Ministers of Nepal, head of government. The government is reestablished 24 April 2006 after a massive 2006 democracy movement in Nepal, democracy movement. *A 2005 Mauritanian coup d'état, military coup in Mauritania overthrows Heads of state of Mauritania, President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. A new government is set up by a group of military officers headed by Ely Ould Mohamed Vall. The group formed the Military Council for Justice and Democracy to act as the governing council of the country.

2006

*The Armed Forces of the Philippines allegedly attempted a military coup in the Philippines targeting President of the Philippines, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, which led to a 2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, state of emergency in the country. *The United Front for Democratic Change allegedly attempts to instigate a military 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt, coup in Chad to overthrow Heads of state of Chad, President Idriss Déby. *The Royal Thai Army orchestrates a 2006 Thai coup d'état, coup in Thailand that overthrows List of Prime Ministers of Thailand, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra while he is out of the country. *The Military of Madagascar, Malagasy Popular Armed Forces allegedly attempt a 2006 Malagasy coup d'état attempt, military coup in Madagascar against List of Presidents of Madagascar, President Marc Ravalomanana. *The Republic of Fiji Military Forces, military of Fiji overthrows President of Fiji, President Josefa Iloilo and Prime Minister of Fiji, Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase in a bloodless 2006 Fijian coup d'état, coup. *The military of Côte d'Ivoire, military of Côte d'Ivoire claims to foil a coup attempt targeting President of Côte d'Ivoire, President Laurent Gbagbo. *A 2006 Malagasy coup d'état attempt, military attempted coup in Madagascar on 18 November 2006 led by General Andrianafidisoa against President Marc Ravalomanana

2007

*An alleged 2007 Laotian coup d'état attempt, coup attempt by Vang Pao, General Vang Pao and others in the United States to overthrow the Laos, Laotian government is foiled. *Philippines rebel forces led by opposition politician Sen. Antonio Trillanes from the Magdalo Group, storm the Peninsula hotel in an Manila Peninsula rebellion, attempted coup.

2008

*East Timorese President of East Timor, President José Ramos-Horta is shot and injured in what Prime Minister of East Timor, Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão describes as an 2008 East Timor coup attempt, attempted coup. *A 2008 Mauritanian coup d'état, military coup in Mauritania involving the seizure of the List of heads of state of Mauritania, President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, List of heads of government of Mauritania, Prime Minister Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef, and Interior Minister after the sacking of several military officials and a political crisis in which 48 MPs walked off the job and a vote of no confidence in cabinet. *A 2008 Guinean coup d'état, military coup occurs in Guinea after the death of President of Guinea, President Lansana Conté.

2009

*2009 Malagasy political crisis, Coup in Madagascar: the army seized one of the presidential palaces on 16 March 2009, at which president Marc Ravalomanana was not present. The proposal offered by the president for a referendum to solve the crisis was rejected. On 17 March 2009, Marc Ravalomanana resigned under pressure from the military. * In Honduras, the 2009 Honduran coup d'état, army seized one of the presidential palaces on 28 June 2009, kidnapped president Manuel Zelaya Rosales due to his endeavor for an unconstitutional reelection and extradited him from the country. The 23-nation Rio Group & the United Nations General Assembly condemned the coup d'état. * On 24 April 2009, the Ethiopian government claimed, through the Ethiopian News Agency, that it had foiled a coup attempt led by members of Ginbot 7 to overthrow the government. Ginbot 7 described the allegation that it had attempted a coup as a "baseless accusation" that fitted a pattern of distraction and scapegoating by the government.

2010–2019

2010

* On 18 February a 2010 Nigerien coup d'état, Nigerien coup by Salou Djibo against President Mamadou Tandja.

2011

* 2011 Bangladesh coup d'état attempt * 2011 Egyptian revolution – The Egyptian Supreme Council of the Armed Forces takes power after two weeks of mass protests, forcing long-time President Hosni Mubarak to step down and relinquish power to the council.

2012

* On 21 March successful 2012 Malian coup d'état, Malian Coup by Malian soldiers led by Captain Amadou Sanogo against President of Mali, President Amadou Toumani Touré. * On 12 April a 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état, Guinea-Bissau Coup by Army Vice Chief of Staff General Mamadu Ture Kuruma against Acting President Raimundo Pereira and ex-Prime Minister and presidential candidate Carlos Gomes Júnior. * On 30 April – 1 May an 2012 Malian counter-coup d'état attempt, attempt Malian counter-coup d'état by Amadou Toumani Touré's loyalists against Acting President Dioncounda Traoré and acting Prime Minister of Mali, prime minister Cheick Modibo Diarra.

2013

* The Eritrean opposition claimed that there was an attempt coup on 21 January 2013. * On 4 March an 2013 Beninese coup d'état attempt, attempt coup in Benin led by Col. Pamphile Zomahoun against President of Benin, President Boni Yayi. * On 24 March 2013 Séléka rebels Battle of Bangui, overthrew government of the Central African Republic. * On 17 April 2013 an attempt Libyan coup against Prime Minister of Libya, Prime Minister Ali Zeidan by Muammar Gaddafi loyalists. * On 20 April 2013 an 2013 Comorian coup d'état attempt, attempt coup in the Comoros against President Ikililou Dhoinine. * A 2013 Chadian coup d'état attempt, failed Coup in Chad on 1 May 2013 against President Idriss Déby. *On 3 July a 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, military coup in Egypt led by General Abdul Fatah al-Sisi ousted president Mohamed Morsi. * On 10 October 2013 a April 2013 Libyan coup d'état attempt, second attempt Libyan coup led by Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh against Prime Minister of Libya, Prime Minister Ali Zeidan.

2014

* 2014 Libyan coup d'état attempts, Two attempted Libyan coups one on 14 February 2014 and second in May 2014 by Libyan Republican Alliance led by Maj. Gen. Khalifa Haftar against Prime Minister of Libya, Prime Minister Ali Zeidan in first coup and Prime Minister Abdullah al-Thani in second coup. * An 2014 Lesotho political crisis, attempted coup in Lesotho against Prime Minister Tom Thabane by Lieutenant General Kennedy Tlai Kamoli and Deputy Prime Minister of Lesotho, Prime Minister Mothetjoa Metsing. *2014 Thai coup d'état: The Royal Thai Armed Forces led by General Prayut Chan-o-cha overthrew the Yingluck cabinet, establishing a military junta on 22 May 2014. * On 30 December 2014 an 2014 Gambian coup d'état attempt, attempted Gambian Coup was launched against President Yahya Jammeh by former head of the presidential guards Lamin Sanneh.

2015

* In 13–15 May the unsuccessful 2015 Burundian coup d'état attempt, 2015 Burundi Coup by General Godefroid Niyombare against President Pierre Nkurunziza. * On 17 September an 2015 Burkinabé coup d'état, attempted coup in Burkina Faso against President of Burkina Faso, President Michel Kafando by General Gilbert Diendéré. * 26 September – 3 October 2015: Failed attempt by Haroun Gaye and Eugene Ngaïkosset to overthrow president of the Central African Republic Catherine Samba-Panza.

2016

*2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt: On 15–16 July 2016 an attempted coup failed against President of Turkey, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. *2016 Burkinabé coup d'état attempt: On 8 October 2016 Blaise Compaore loyalists and former presidential guards failed to overthrow President of Burkina Faso, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré. *2016 Libyan coup d'état attempt: On 14 October 2016 an attempted coup against Prime Minister of Libya, prime minister-designate Fayez al-Sarraj led by Khalifa al-Ghawil. *Montenegrin coup plot: On 16 October 2016 a Montenegrin attempted coup by GRU, Main Intelligence Directorate agents and pro-Russian organisations from

and Montenegro against the Government of Montenegro, government of Milo Đukanović on the day of the Montenegrin parliamentary election, 2016, parliamentary election.

2017

* A coup d'état plot was foiled in Austria in April. The leader Monika Unger and others were arrested after they tried to organise an army-led coup. * On 21 June 2017, Prince Mohammed bin Salman ousted and succeeded Saudi Crown Prince and de facto leader Muhammad bin Nayef in what was described as a "palace coup". *2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état: Harare, Zimbabwe. In the early hours of 15 November 2017, an army spokesman announced the military takeover of government. This was after the army had seized control of the state run television broadcasting station. During the night before they had stormed the president's private residence and placed the head of state, President Robert Gabriel Mugabe under house arrest. The military police also captured and detained some cabinet ministers whom they labelled criminals around the president. It would succeed with the resignation of Mugabe on 21 November 2017. * In December an attempted coup against the government in Equatorial Guinea.

2019

*2019 Gabonese coup d'état attempt: On 7 January 2019, members of the Armed Forces of Gabon announced a coup, claiming to have ousted President Ali Bongo Ondimba, Ali Bongo. Gabon's government later declared that it had reasserted control. *2019 Sudanese coup d'état: On 11 April 2019, the Sudanese Armed Forces, Sudanese Army overthrew Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir after popular protests. *2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt: On 22 June 2019, Factions of the security forces of Amhara Region,

, attempted a coup against the regional government after a series of assassinations.

2020–present

2020

* On 7 March, the Saudi Arabian government arrested Princes Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Ahmed bin Abdulaziz, Muhammad bin Nayef, Nayef bin Ahmed Al Saud, Nayef bin Ahmed, Nawwaf bin Nayef Al Saud, Nawwaf bin Nayef and Muhammad bin Saad Al Saud, Muhammad bin Saad for allegedly planning a coup attempt. * 2020 Malian coup d'état: On 18 August, Mutinying soldiers within the Malian Army attacked the capital and the nearby army base. The soldiers arrested both the democratically elected List of heads of state of Mali, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta and List of prime ministers of Mali, Prime Minister Boubou Cissé after months of 2020 Malian protests, anti-government protests. President Keïta resigns and dissolved both the government and parliament just after midnight. A military junta was soon after installed under Colonel Assimi Goita. * On 20 October, a senior army officer in Sudan announced that some retired members of the Popular Defence Forces and officers under leader Brigadier General Mohammed Ibrahim Abdul-Jalil had foiled a coup plot. The Sudanese government has not confirmed this claim. * Central African Republic Civil War#Rebel alliance and advance, 2020–21 Central African Republic coup d'état attempt: In December 2020 major rebel groups in Central African Republic led by former president François Bozizé formed Coalition of Patriots for Change trying to overthrow the government. Rebel groups attacked Bangui on 13 January but were repulsed by government forces.

2021

*January 6 United States Capitol attack, 2021 United States Capitol attack: President Donald Trump refused to concede to Joe Biden after losing the 2020 United States presidential election, leading, for the first time in at least 220 years, to a failure of the peaceful transition of power. Supporters of the president Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack, stormed the United States Capitol, Capitol building during 2021 United States Electoral College vote count, the counting of electoral votes, and temporarily halted the process. Early the next morning the counting resumed and Joe Biden was confirmed as president, being Inauguration of Joe Biden, inaugurated two weeks later. **As early as January 2021, several European security officials described the events as an attempted coup. United States federal judge, Federal Judge David O. Carter, David O Carter ruled that Trump's efforts to overturn the election were a "coup in search of a legal theory". In a televised hearing on June 9, 2022, Congressman Bennie Thompson, Chair of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, described Trump's campaign to overturn the 2021 presidential election as an attempted coup. On January 4, 2021, Steve Bannon stated on ''The War Room'' podcast, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on January 6 at The Ellipse, said: "Live from our nation's capital, you're in the field headquarters of one of the small divisions of the bloodless coup." *2021 Myanmar coup d'état: On 1 February, State Counsellor of Myanmar, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President of Myanmar, President Win Myint were arrested by the military of Myanmar. The military announced that power had been handed to Min Aung Hlaing, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The military announced on state-run TV that they would be in control of the country for one year. *2021 Armenian political crisis, 2021 Armenian coup d'état attempt: On 25 February, the Armenian Armed Forces chief of staff Onik Gasparyan called on Prime Minister of Armenia, Prime minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan to resign due to his handling of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and after the dismissal of the first deputy-head of army. *2021 Nigerien coup d'état attempt: On 31 March, elements within the military attempted a coup. After gunfire at the presidential palace, Presidential Guard fended off the attack and many of its alleged perpetrators were later detained. *2021 arrests in Jordan: On 3 April, Jordanian authorities arrested top officials and members of the royal family, including former Crown Prince of Jordan, Prince Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, Hamzah bin Hussein, for involvement in an attempted coup. *2021 Malian coup d'état: On 24 May, the president, prime minister, and defense minister of Mali were detained by the military. *2021 Guinean coup d'état: On 5 September, military forces of Guinea lead by Mamady Doumbouya, invaded the presidential palace and arrested the president. *September 2021 Sudanese coup d'état attempt: On 21 September, officials and troops loyal to ousted leader Omar al-Bashir attempted a coup against the Sovereignty Council of Sudan. * October–November 2021 Sudanese coup d'état: On 25 October, the military forces of Sudan launched a successful coup against the government. The prime minister Abdalla Hamdok was arrested, the government was dissolved and a state of emergency was declared by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Hamdok was later reinstated in November but resigned in 2022 amid continuing protests.

2022

* January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état: In late January, the Burkinabé military staged a coup against Roch Marc Christian Kaboré. * 2022 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état attempt: A coup d'état was attempted in Guinea-Bissau on 1 February 2022. President Umaro Sissoco Embalo said that "many" members of the security forces had been killed in a "failed attack against democracy". *2022 Ukrainian coup d'état attempt: Russian intelligence agency Federal Security Service, FSB and recruited ATO veterans were set to take control of various Ukrainian cities, install pro-Russian leaders in them and transfer those cities to the Russian army during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, as plans for coup were discovered by Ukrainian authorities, people who were set to participate in it were detained by SBU. *September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état *2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt *2022 German coup d'état plot *2022 Peruvian self-coup d'état attempt

2023

* 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress, 2023 Brazilian Congress attack: Supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro storm the National Congress, Supreme Federal Court and Palácio do Planalto, Planalto Palace in Brasília, in an effort to overturn the result of the 2022 Brazilian general election and claim for a military coup against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. * 2023 Moldovan attempted coup d'état: Plans were unveiled by the president of Moldova, Maia Sandu, that showed Russian efforts to overthrow the Moldovan government.

References

External links

Scholarly databases and lists of coups include the following:
Jonathan Powell and Clayton Thyne, “Coups in the World, 1950-Present”
.

*[http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/CSPCoupsCodebook2021.pdf Monty G. Marshall and Donna Ramsey Marshall, “Coups d'État, 1946-2015”].
John J. Chin, David B. Carter & Joseph G. Wright. Colpus Dataset on all military and non-military coup attempts in the world since 1946

Cline Center Coup D’état Project Dataset

Bjørnskov-Rode regime data
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coups Detat And Coup Attempts Coups d'état, * History-related lists Lists of military conflicts Politics-related lists Attempted coups d'état