Nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

parties in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

have been on the rise since the early 2010s due to, according to some,

austerity Austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. There are three primary types of austerity measures: higher taxes to fund spend ...

measures and immigration. Linguist

Ruth Wodak Ruth Wodak (born 12 July 1950 in London) is an Austrian linguist, who is Emeritus Distinguished Professor and Chair in Discourse Studies in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University and Professor in Linguistics ...

has stated that the populist parties rising across Europe do so for different reasons in different countries. In an article published in March 2014, she divided these political parties into four groups: "parties

hich Ij ( fa, ايج, also Romanized as Īj; also known as Hich and Īch) is a village in Golabar Rural District, in the Central District of Ijrud County, Zanjan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also ...

gain support via an ambivalent relationship with fascist and Nazi pasts" (in, ''e.g.'', Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and France), parties which "focus primarily on a perceived threat from Islam" (in, ''e.g.'', the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland), parties which "restrict their propaganda to a perceived threat to their national identities from ethnic minorities" (in, ''e.g.'', Hungary, Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom), and parties which "endorse a fundamentalist Christian conservative-reactionary agenda" (in, ''e.g.'', Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria). According to ''

The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British weekly newspaper printed in demitab format and published digitally. It focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, technology, and culture. Based in London, the newspaper is owned by The Econo ...

'', the main attraction of far-right parties in the

Scandinavian countries Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Swede ...

is the perception that their national culture is under threat.

Overview

Different parts of Europe have nationalist parties with various ideologies and goals. Most nationalist parties in Central and Western Europe are described as "

right-wing populists Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establi ...

". According to Thomas Klau of the European Council on Foreign Relations "as antisemitism was a unifying factor for far-right parties in the 1910s, 20s and 30s, Islamophobia has become the unifying factor in the early decades of the 21st century." Many are Left Wing or Civic Nationalist Parties, which often advocate regionalism. Nationalist parties are the ruling party in the Republic of Macedonia the

VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ...

is one of the two major parties in the country.

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

is also ruled by a nationalist party by the

Swiss People's Party The Swiss People's Party (german: Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP; rm, Partida populara Svizra, PPS), also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre (french: Union démocratique du centre, UDC; it, Unione Democratica di Centro, UDC), is a nati ...

. In all other countries, nationalist parties are in opposition. In some countries, nationalist parties are major players in politics, such as

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

National Rally The National Rally (french: Rassemblement National, ; RN), until 2018 known as the National Front (french: link=no, Front National, ; FN), is a Far-right politics, far-rightAbridged list of reliable sources that refer to National Rally as fa ...

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

True Finns The Finns Party, formerly known as the True Finns ( fi, Perussuomalaiset, PS, sv, Sannfinländarna, Sannf.), is a right-wing populist political party in Finland. It was founded in 1995 following the dissolution of the Finnish Rural Party. The ...

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

's Conservative People's Party,

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

Lega Nord Lega Nord (; acronym: LN), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing, federalist, populist and conservative political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its official n ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Freedom Party of Austria The Freedom Party of Austria (german: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria. It was led by Norbert Hofer from September 2019 to 1 June 2021.Staff (1 June 2021"Aust ...

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

Jobbik The Movement for a Better Hungary ( hu, Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom), commonly known as Jobbik (), is a conservative political party in Hungary. Originating with radical and nationalist roots, at its beginnings, the party described itself ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

's MHP,

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

Golden Dawn Golden Dawn or The Golden Dawn may refer to: Organizations * Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a nineteenth century magical order based in Britain ** The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Inc., a modern revival founded in 1977 ** Open Source ...

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...

's Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

UK Independence Party The UK Independence Party (UKIP; ) is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of Parliament and was the largest par ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

Law and Justice Law and Justice ( pl, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. Its chairman is Jarosław Kaczyński. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct su ...

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

Slovak National Party The Slovak National Party ( sk, Slovenská národná strana, SNS) is a nationalist political party in Slovakia. The party characterizes itself as a nationalist party based on both social and the European Christian values. Since 1990 SNS has won ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

's Danish People's Party etc. Most, if not all, nationalist parties represented in the European Parliament are in the

Europe of Freedom and Democracy Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) was a Eurosceptic political group in the European Parliament. The group was formed following the 2009 European parliamentary election, mostly composed of elements of the Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) and ...

group.

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

Nationalist parties in the Eastern European states differ from the ones in Western Europe mostly by the fact that there is virtually no immigration into these countries. Governments in Belarus and Azerbaijan are often considered totalitarian and elections in these countries have been described unfair and not free and thus the parliaments are effectively controlled by the ruling party.

Recent developments

Slovenian Parliamentary Elections, 3 June 2018

Slovenia held its

Parliamentary Elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

to the

National Assembly of Slovenia The National Assembly ( sl, Državni zbor Republike Slovenije, or ), is the general representative body of Slovenia. According to the Constitution of Slovenia and the Constitutional Court of Slovenia, it is the major part of the distinctively ...

on 3 June 2018, where 90 members were elected. The

Slovenian National Party The Slovenian National Party ( sl, Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka, SNS) is a Nationalism, nationalist List of political parties in Slovenia, political party in Slovenia led by Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti. The party is known for its Euroscepticism a ...

and

Slovenian Democratic Party The Slovenian Democratic Party ( sl, Slovenska demokratska stranka, SDS), formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia ( sl, Socialdemokratska stranka Slovenije, SDSS), is a conservative political party in Slovenia. It has been described as ...

are the country's two nationalist, far-rightist parties and both gained seats under this election. The Slovenian Democratic Party is the largest party by seats in the National Assembly with 25, while the Slovenian National Party is the smallest party with 4. Thus 29 seats are held by nationalist parties, up 8 seats from the last elections in 2014. A new Government has yet to be formed, though in any case there will be a strong nationalist sentiment in the Assembly. However in the 2022 Parliamentary elections, the (SNS - Slovene national party and SDS - Slovene democratic party) lost greatly and were replaced by Gibanje svoboda (Freedom movement - center left), Slovenska demokratska stranka (an off-shot of the former non extremist SDS centrists) and Levica (The left - left).

Estonian General election, March 2019

The Conservative People's Party of Estonia is an Estonian far-right political party, founded in 2012. During the

2019 Estonian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 3 March 2019. The newly elected 101 members of the 14th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. The Reform Party remained the largest party, gaining four ...

it had the largest gain overall of all parties, increasing their seat count by 12 to a total of 19 seats. Its public support is on the rise, according to opinion polls.

Spanish General election, November 2019

Vox is a Spanish right-wing to far-right political party, founded in 2012. It obtained, by surprise, 24 seats in the Spanish parliament in the April 2019 election. In the November 2019 election Vox obtained 52 seats (an increase) from what it got in early 2019. The president of Vox is

Santiago Abascal Santiago Abascal Conde (; born 14 April 1976) is a Spanish politician and since September 2014 the leader of the National conservatism, national-conservative political party Vox (political party), Vox. Abascal is a member of the Congress of De ...

and its general secretary is Javier Ortega Smith. Its public support is on the rise, according to results of subsequent regional elections, and opinion polls.

Hungarian Parliamentary Elections, 3 April 2022

Hungary held its General Parliamentary Elections on 3 April 2022, where 199 seats in the

National Assembly of Hungary The National Assembly ( hu, Országgyűlés, lit=Country Assembly) is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to 4-year terms. Election of members is done using a semi-proporti ...

were filled. Two nationalist parties, emerged with seats in the new Assembly, with the new Prime Minister,

Viktor Orban The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

, being from the

Fidesz Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (; hu, Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Hungary, led by Viktor Orbán. It was formed in 1988 under the name of Alliance of Young ...

- Christian Democratic People's Party. His party gained 135 seats, while the

Our Homeland Movement Our Homeland Movement (Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Mi Hazánk Mozgalom,'' MHM) is a Hungarian Far-right politics, far-right political party founded by Ásotthalom mayor and former Jobbik Vice-President László Toroczkai and other Jobbik dis ...

gained 7 seats. This put 142 out of 199 seats in the Hungarian National Assembly under the control of nationalist parties..

Swedish General Elections, 11 September 2022

Sweden held its

2022 Swedish general election General elections were held in Sweden on 11 September 2022 to elect the 349 members of the Riksdag who in turn elected the Prime Minister of Sweden. Under the constitution, regional and municipal elections were also held on the same day. The pr ...

on 11 September 2022, where 349 seats in the

Riksdag The Riksdag (, ; also sv, riksdagen or ''Sveriges riksdag'' ) is the legislature and the supreme decision-making body of Sweden. Since 1971, the Riksdag has been a unicameral legislature with 349 members (), elected proportionally and se ...

were filled.

Sweden Democrats The Sweden Democrats ( sv , Sverigedemokraterna ; SD ) is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Sweden. As of 2022, it is the largest member of Sweden's right-wing governing bloc to which it provides confidence and supply, a ...

Sweden's far-right political party made gains winning 73 seats and becoming the 2nd largest party in Sweden.

Italian General Elections, 25 September 2022

Italy held its General Elections on 25 September 2022, where 400 Deputies were elected to the Lower House and 200 Senators to the Upper House of the Italian Parliament. Italy's largest far-right party, the

or "League" secured 125 seats in the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

(

Lower House A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...

) and 58 seats in the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

(

Upper House An upper house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smalle ...

). The

Brothers of Italy Brothers of Italy ( it, Fratelli d'Italia, FdI) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Italy. It is led by Giorgia Meloni, the incumbent Prime Minister of Italy and the first woman to serve in the position. Accor ...

, another nationalist party, gained 32 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 18 seats in the Senate. Observers commented that the results shifted the

geopolitics Geopolitics (from Greek γῆ ''gê'' "earth, land" and πολιτική ''politikḗ'' "politics") is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations. While geopolitics usually refers to ...

of the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

, following

far-right Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...

gains in France, Spain, and Sweden. It was also noted that the election outcome would mark Italy's first far-right-led government and the country's most

right-wing Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, authorit ...

government since 1945.

List

* *

National

{, class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! Party ! Date established ! data-sort-type="number" , % of popular vote ! Votes ! data-sort-type="number" , Seats ! Ideology, description ! Europarty , - , ,

Albanian National Front Party The Albanian National Front Party ( sq, Partia Balli Kombëtar Shqiptar, PBK) is a nationalist political party in Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), ...

, align="center" , 1989 , , , , Albanian nationalism, national conservatism,

Greater Albania Greater Albania is an irredentist and nationalist concept that seeks to unify the lands that many Albanians consider to form their national homeland. It is based on claims on the present-day or historical presence of Albanian populations in th ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" , Armenian Revolutionary Federation , align="center" , 1890 , align="center" , 21.11% (

2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October–November 2021 ...

) , align="center" , 269,481 , , Armenian nationalism,

United Armenia United Armenia ( hy, Միացեալ Հայաստան, translit=Miats'eal Hayastan), also known as Greater Armenia or Great Armenia, is an Armenian ethno-nationalist irredentist concept referring to areas within the traditional Armenian homel ...

, bgcolor="#F0001C" ,

PES Pes (Latin for "foot") or the acronym PES may refer to: Pes * Pes (unit), a Roman unit of length measurement roughly corresponding with a foot * Pes or podatus, a * Pes (rural locality), several rural localities in Russia * Pes (river), a river ...

, - ,

Republican Party of Armenia The Republican Party of Armenia (RPA, hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետական Կուսակցություն, ՀՀԿ; ''Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun'', ''HHK'') is a national-conservative political party in Armenia led by the thir ...

, align="center" , 1990 , align="center" , 5.22% (

) , align="center" , 66,650 , , Armenian nationalism,

National conservatism National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity. National conservatives usually combine nationalism with conservative stances promoting traditional cultural values, ...

Tseghakronism Tseghakronism ( hy, Ցեղակրոնութիւն, translit=Tsʿeghakrōnutʿiwn') is a national/ethnic and political movement towards a renewal of the spiritual, behavioral and cultural identity of the Armenian people. The aim of Tseghakronism is ...

Russophilia Russophilia (literally love of Russia or Russians) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the Soviet Union and/or the Russian Empire), Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym is Russophobia. In the 19th Century, ...

, bgcolor="#3399FF" , EPP , - , ,

, align="center" , 1956 , align="center" , 16.2% (

2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...

) , align="center" , 772,666 , , National conservatism,

right-wing populism Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establi ...

, anti-immigration, euroscepticism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="2" , ,

New Flemish Alliance The New Flemish Alliance ( nl, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie, N-VA) is a Flemish nationalist and conservative political party in Belgium. The party was founded in 2001 by the right-leaning fraction of the centrist-nationalist People's Union (VU). T ...

, align="center" , 2001 , align="center" , 16.03% (

) , align="center" , 1,086,787 , ,

Flemish nationalism The Flemish Movement ( nl, Vlaamse Beweging) is an umbrella term which encompasses various political groups in the Belgian region of Flanders and, less commonly, in French Flanders. Ideologically, it encompasses groups which have sought to promo ...

Regionalism Regionalism may refer to: * Regionalism (art), an American realist modern art movement that was popular during the 1930s * Regionalism (international relations), the expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined with the creation a ...

Separatism Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

Conservatism Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilizati ...

Liberal conservatism Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic issues but also on social and ethical matters, representing a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by libe ...

Republicanism Republicanism is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic. Historically, it emphasises the idea of self-rule and ranges from the rule of a representative minority or oligarchy to popular sovereignty. It ...

, bgcolor="#671B88" , EFA , - ,

Vlaams Belang , ideology = , predecessor = Vlaams Blok , position = , europarl = Identity and Democracy , european = Identity and Democracy Party , youth_wing = Vlaams Belang Jongeren , colours = , ...

, align="center" , 2004 , align="center" , 11.95% (

) , align="center" , 810,177 , ,

Right-wing populism Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establi ...

Euroscepticism Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform ...

, bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="5" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" ,

IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement The IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement (IMRO–BNM; bg, ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение, translit=VMRO – Balgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie, VMRO–BND) is a national conservative political party in Bulg ...

, align="center" , 1999 , rowspan="3" , , rowspan="3" , , , Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, traditionalism , , - , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" ,

National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria The National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria ( bg, Национален фронт за спасение на България, Natsionalen front za spasenie na Bŭlgariya, NFSB), is an ultranationalist political party in Bulgaria. History ...

, align="center" , 2011 , , Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, Euroscepticism , , - , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" ,

Attack Attack may refer to: Warfare and combat * Offensive (military) * Charge (warfare) * Attack (fencing) * Strike (attack) * Attack (computing) * Attack aircraft Books and publishing * ''The Attack'' (novel), a book * '' Attack No. 1'', comic an ...

, align="center" , 2005 , , Bulgarian nationalism, ultranationalism, , , - ,

Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy (BNU-ND) ( bg, Български национален съюз - Нова демокрация (БНС-НД)) is an ultranationalist political party based in Sofia, Bulgaria. The party claims to be patrio ...

, align="center" , 2014 , align="center" , , align="center" , , ,

National Socialism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hit ...

Ultranationalism Ultranationalism or extreme nationalism is an extreme form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains detrimental hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its sp ...

, , - ,

Revival (Bulgarian political party) Revival () is an Ultranationalism, ultranationalist political party in Bulgaria, founded in August 2014. Its chairman is Kostadin Kostadinov (politician), Kostadin Kostadinov. The party is defined by various analysts and media as Hard Eurosceptici ...

, , , , , Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, Euroscepticism, anti-Western. , , - , rowspan="4" , ,

Homeland Movement ''Homeland Movement'' is the debut studio album by Australian rock band Yothu Yindi that was released in April 1989 on the Mushroom Records label. The album peaked at number 59 on the ARIA Chart in 1992. Background and release Following a tou ...

, align="center" , 2020 , align="center" , 10.8% (

2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...

) , align="center" , 12,000 (2021) , , Croatian nationalism,

Social conservatism Social conservatism is a political philosophy and variety of conservatism which places emphasis on traditional power structures over social pluralism. Social conservatives organize in favor of duty, traditional values and social institutio ...

Soft Euroscepticism Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform ...

, , - ,

Croatian Party of Rights The Croatian Party of Rights ( hr, Hrvatska stranka prava or HSP) is an extra-parliamentary nationalist political party in Croatia. The "right(s)" in the party's name refer to the legal and moral reasons that justify the independence and autonom ...

, align="center" , 1990 , align="center" , 3.0% (

2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

) , align="center" , 72,360 , , Croatian nationalism , , - ,

Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starčević Croatian may refer to: *Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , ...

, align="center" , 2009 , rowspan="2" , , rowspan="2" , , ,

social conservatism Social conservatism is a political philosophy and variety of conservatism which places emphasis on traditional power structures over social pluralism. Social conservatives organize in favor of duty, traditional values and social institutio ...

, bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , , - ,

Croatian Pure Party of Rights Croatian Pure Party of Rights ( hr, Hrvatska čista stranka prava or HČSP) is a far-right political party in Croatia founded in 1992. The party claims to be an ideological descendant of the identically named right-wing Serbophobic historical p ...

, align="center" , 1992 , , Croatian nationalism,

Protectionism Protectionism, sometimes referred to as trade protectionism, is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations. ...

, , - , , National Popular Front , align="center" , 2008 , align="center" , 6.8% (

) , align="center" , 24,255 , , Greek nationalism , , - , ,

Freedom and Direct Democracy Freedom and Direct Democracy ( cs, Svoboda a přímá demokracie, SPD) is a right-wing populist political party in the Czech Republic. It is led by Tomio Okamura and it holds 20 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. It has been described as right-wi ...

, align="center" , 2015 , align="center" , 9.56% (

) , align="center" , 513,900 , , Czech nationalism, Anti-immigrant, Anti-Muslim Eurosceptism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="3" , , Danish People's Party , align="center" , 1995 , align="center" , 8.7% (

) , align="center" , 308,513 , , National conservatism, Danish nationalism, Anti-immigration,

, bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , The New Right , align="center" , 2015 , 2.4 % (

) , 83,201 , ,

Economic liberalism Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production. Adam Smith is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism ...

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

Anti-immigration Opposition to immigration, also known as anti-immigration, has become a significant political ideology in many countries. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory ...

, Anti-Islam , , - , Hard Line , align="center" , 2017 , 1.8 % (

) , 63,114 , ,

Ethnonationalism Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various politic ...

Identitarianism The Identitarian movement or Identitarianism is a pan-European nationalist, far-right political ideology asserting the right of European ethnic groups and white peoples to Western culture and territories claimed to belong exclusively to them. ...

, Anti-Islam,

Hard Euroscepticism Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek refor ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , Conservative People's Party of Estonia , align="center" , 2012 , align="center" , 17.8% (

) , align="center" , 99,672 , , Estonian nationalism, national conservatism, anti-immigration, Euroscepticism,

Ethnopluralism Ethnopluralism or ethno-pluralism, also known as ethno-differentialism, is a political concept which relies on preserving and mutually respecting separate and bordered ethno-cultural regions. Among the key components are the "right to difference" ( ...

, bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - ,

Estonian Independence Party The Estonian Independence Party ( et, Eesti Iseseisvuspartei, EIP) was a far-right nationalist political party in Estonia. The party, founded in 1999, is a successor to the Estonian Future Party. One of the principal aims of the party is the withd ...

, align="center" , 1999 , align="center" , 0.18% (

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

) , align="center" , 1,047 , , Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism , , - , ,

Finns Party The Finns Party, formerly known as the True Finns ( fi, Perussuomalaiset, PS, sv, Sannfinländarna, Sannf.), is a right-wing populist political party in Finland. It was founded in 1995 following the dissolution of the Finnish Rural Party. The ...

, align="center" , 1995 , align="center" , 17.7% (

) , align="center" , 538,805 , , Finnish nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="2" , ,

, align="center" , 1972 , align="center" , 18.6% (

2022 File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; 2022 Sri Lankan protests, Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretari ...

) , align="center" , 4,248,626 , , French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - ,

Reconquête Reconquête (; en, Reconquest), styled as Reconquête! (R!), is a nationalist political party in France founded in late 2021 by Éric Zemmour, who has since served as its leader. He was a far-right candidate in the 2022 presidential election, ...

, align="center" , 2021 , align="center" , 4.24% (

) , align="center" , 964,868 , , French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism , , - , ,

Georgian March The Georgian March ( ka, ქართული მარში, ''Kartuli marshi'', GM) is a national-conservative political party and social movement in Georgia. It is led by Sandro Bregadze. The party is primarily known for street protests as w ...

, align="center" , 2017 , align="center" , 0.25% (

) , align="center" , 4,769 , ,

Georgian nationalism Georgian nationalism is a nationalism which argues for promotion of Georgian national identity and a nation state based on it. The beginning of Georgian nationalism can be traced to the middle of the 19th century, when Georgia was part of the ...

, Anti-immigration, Social conservatism, , , - , rowspan="2" , ,

Alternative for Germany Alternative for Germany (german: link=no, Alternative für Deutschland, AfD; ) is a right-wing populist * * * * * * * political party in Germany. AfD is known for its opposition to the European Union, as well as immigration to Germany. I ...

, align="center" , 2013 , align="center" , 10.3% (

) , align="center" , 4,803,902 , , Euroscepticism, National conservatism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , National Democratic Party , align="center" , 1964 , align="center" , 0.1% (

) , align="center" , 64,574 , ,

German nationalism German nationalism () is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and German-speakers into one unified nation state. German nationalism also emphasizes and takes pride in the patriotism and national identity of Germans as one na ...

, bgcolor="#314552" , APF , - , rowspan="3", ,

, align="center" , 1993 , align="center" , 2.93% (

) , align="center" , 165,711 , ,

Greek nationalism Greek nationalism (or Hellenic nationalism) refers to the nationalism of Greeks and Greek culture.. As an ideology, Greek nationalism originated and evolved in pre-modern times. It became a major political movement beginning in the 18th century, ...

Megali Idea The Megali Idea ( el, Μεγάλη Ιδέα, Megáli Idéa, Great Idea) is a nationalist and irredentist concept that expresses the goal of reviving the Byzantine Empire, by establishing a Greek state, which would include the large Greek popul ...

Neo-fascist Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sent ...

, , - ,

Greek Solution The Greek Solution ( el, Ελληνική Λύση, ''Elliniki Lisi'') is a political party in Greece founded by former MP Kyriakos Velopoulos. The party is right wing to far-right and has been described as ideologically ultranationalist and ri ...

, align="center" , 2016 , align="center" , 3.70% (

) , align="center" , 208,806 , ,

Religious conservatism Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

Economic nationalism Economic nationalism, also called economic patriotism and economic populism, is an ideology that favors state interventionism over other market mechanisms, with policies such as domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation, incl ...

, , - ,

Popular Orthodox Rally The Popular Orthodox Rally or People's Orthodox Alarm (Greek language, Greek: Λαϊκός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός, ''Laikós Orthódoxos Synagermós''), often abbreviated to LAOS (ΛΑ.Ο.Σ.) as a pun on the Greek word for ''peo ...

, align="center" , 2000 , align="center" , 1.03% (

) , align="center" , 97,099 , ,

, , - , rowspan="2" , , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

, align="center" , 1988 , align="center" , 54.10% (

) , align="center" , 3,057,195 , ,

Hungarian nationalism Hungarian nationalism developed in the late 18th century and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation. In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungar ...

, national conservatism, anti-immigration,

, , - ,

, align="center" , 2018 , align="center" , 6.18% (

) , align="center" , 332,440 , ,

, anti-immigration,

Hungarian irredentism Hungarian irredentism or Greater Hungary ( hu, Nagy-Magyarország) are irredentist political ideas concerning redemption of territories of the historical Kingdom of Hungary. Targeting at least to regain control over Hungarian-populated areas in H ...

, , - , rowspan="3" , ,

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Gri ...

, align="center" , 1905 , align="center" , 24.5% (

) , align="center" , 535,595 , ,

Irish republicanism Irish republicanism ( ga, poblachtánachas Éireannach) is the political movement for the unity and independence of Ireland under a republic. Irish republicans view British rule in any part of Ireland as inherently illegitimate. The develop ...

Left-wing nationalism Left-wing nationalism or leftist nationalism, also known as social nationalism, is a form of nationalism based upon national self-determination, popular sovereignty, national self-interest, and left-wing political positions such as social equali ...

, , - ,

Irish Freedom Party The Irish Freedom Party or the Irexit Freedom To Prosper Party, sometimes referred to as IFP, or IFTPP is a minor right-wing to far-right hard Eurosceptic political party in Ireland, launched on 8 September 2018. It advocates Irish withdrawal ...

, align="center" , 2018 , align="center" , 0.3% (

) , align="center" , 5,495 , ,

Irish nationalism Irish nationalism is a nationalist political movement which, in its broadest sense, asserts that the people of Ireland should govern Ireland as a sovereign state. Since the mid-19th century, Irish nationalism has largely taken the form of cu ...

, , - , National Party , align="center" , 2016 , align="center" , 0.2% (

) , align="center" , 4,773 , ,

Nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

, Anti-Islam , , - , rowspan="2" , , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

, align="center" , 2012 , align="center" , 26.0% (

) , align="center" , 7,284,952 , ,

, bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

League League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football Sports * Sports league * Rugby league, full contact footba ...

, align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 8.7% (

) , align="center" , 2,458,752 , ,

Sovereigntism Sovereigntism, sovereignism or souverainism (from french: souverainisme, , meaning the ideology of sovereignty) is the notion of having control over one's conditions of existence, whether at the level of the self, social group, region, nation o ...

, bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="2" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" , National Alliance , align="center" , 2010 , 11.01% (

2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...

) , 92,963 , , Latvian

, bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , Latvian Nationalists , align="center" , 2018 , 0.50% (

) , 4,245 , , Latvian

, , - , rowspan="2" , ,

Lithuanian Nationalist and Republican Union The Lithuanian Nationalist and Republican Union ( lt, Lietuvių tautininkų ir respublikonų sąjunga or LTS), also known as the Nationalists (), is a right-wing nationalist political party in Lithuania. It claims to be the continuation of the ...

, align="center" , 1990 , , , , Lithuanian nationalism, national conservatism, Eurosceptism, Anti-globalism , , - ,

Young Lithuania Young Lithuania ( lt, Partija "Jaunoji Lietuva") is a nationalist political party in Lithuania. The party has no seats in the Seimas, European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union an ...

, align="center" , 2009 , , , , Lithuanian nationalism, national conservatism, protectionism , , - , , Alternative Democratic Reform Party , align="center" , 1987 , align="center" , 8.28% (

) , align="center" , 292,388 , , conservatism , bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , rowspan="2" , ,

Moviment Patrijotti Maltin The Maltese Patriots Movement (, MPM) is an inactive right-wing populist political party in Malta. It was formed in April 2016 as a political wing of the Maltese Patriotic Association. History The MPM was founded on the 8 April 2016 and immediat ...

, align="center" , 2016 , align="center" , 0.36% (

2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...

) , align="center" , 1,117 , , Maltese nationalism,

, anti-immigration, anti-Islam , - ,

Imperium Europa Imperium Europa is a neo-fascist political party in Malta. It was founded in 2000 by Norman Lowell, who is also its leader. Its primary aim is to unite Europe into one political entity. Party programme Imperium Europa is positioned on the far- ...

, align="center" , 2000 , align="center" , 3.17% (

) , align="center" , 1,117 , , Maltese nationalism,

Pan-European nationalism European nationalism (sometimes called pan-European nationalism) is a form of nationalism based on a pan-European identity. It is considered minor since the National Party of Europe disintegrated in the 1970s. History The former British Union of ...

, anti-immigration, anti-Zionism , - , rowspan="2" , ,

Party for Freedom The Party for Freedom ( nl, Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine ...

, align="center" , 2006 , align="center" , 10.87% (

) , align="center" , 1,116,037 , , Anti-immigration, Anti-Islam, Euroscepticism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - ,

Forum for Democracy Forum for Democracy ( nl, Forum voor Democratie, FvD) is a right-wing populist Eurosceptic political party in the Netherlands that was founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2016. The party first participated in elections i ...

, align="center" , 2016 , align="center" , 5.03% (

) , align="center" , 516,723 , , Anti-immigration, National conservatism, Euroscepticism , , - , ,

, align="center" , 1990 , align="center" , 34.57% (

) , align="center" , 315,344 , ,

Macedonian nationalism Macedonian nationalism (, ) is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts among ethnic Macedonians that were first formed in the late 19th century among separatists seeking the autonomy of the region of Macedonia from the Ottoman Emp ...

Christian democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

, , bgcolor="#3399FF" , EPP , - , rowspan="2" , , Progress Party , align="center" , 1973 , align="center" , 11.7% (

) , align="center" , 346,053 , , Right-wing populism, Conservative liberalism, Anti-immigration, Euroscepticism , , - , Centre Party , align="center" , 1920 , align="center" , 13.6% (

) , align="center" , 402,481 , ,

Norwegian nationalism Norwegian romantic nationalism ( no, Nasjonalromantikken) was a movement in Norway between 1840 and 1867 in art, literature, and Culture of Norway, popular culture that emphasized the aesthetics of Norwegian nature and the uniqueness of the Norwe ...

(

Civic nationalism Civic nationalism, also known as liberal nationalism, is a form of nationalism identified by political philosophers who believe in an inclusive form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, in ...

), Euroscepticism, Agrarianism , , - , rowspan="5" , , bgcolor="#FFFF00" , United Right , align="center" , 2015 , align="center" , 43.6% (

) , align="center" , 8,051,935 , ,

soft euroscepticism Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform ...

Myant et al (2008), p. 88 , bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

, align="center" , 2001 , colspan="2" , , ,

Economic Nationalism Economic nationalism, also called economic patriotism and economic populism, is an ideology that favors state interventionism over other market mechanisms, with policies such as domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation, incl ...

, bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

United Poland ) , national = United Right , headquarters = , international = , european = Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (2011–2015) , europarl = Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2012–2014)European Con ...

, align="center" , 2012 , colspan="2" , , ,

Political Catholicism The Catholic Church and politics concerns the interplay of Catholicism with religious, and later secular, politics. Historically, the Church opposed liberal ideas such as democracy, freedom of speech, and the separation of church and state unde ...

, bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - , Confederation Liberty and Independence , align="center" , 2018 , align="center" , 6.81% (

) , align="center" , 1,256,953 , ,

, Polish Nationalism,

Ordoliberalism Ordoliberalism is the German variant of economic liberalism that emphasizes the need for government to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential but does not advocate for a welfare state. Ordoliberal ideals ...

, , - ,

National Movement Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

, align="center" , 2012 , colspan="2" , , ,

Polish nationalism Polish nationalism is a form of nationalism which asserts that the Poles are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Poles. Norman Davies, in the context of Polish nationalism, generally defined nationalism as "a doctrine ... to create a n ...

, national conservatism, anti-globalization , - , rowspan="2" , , Rise Up , align="center" , 2000 , align="center" , 0.09% (

) , align="center" , 5,236 , , Portuguese nationalism , bgcolor="#9CAABD" , AENM , , - ,

Chega Chega may refer to: * Chega, Iran, a village *Chega (political party), a political party in Portugal *Chega!, a report by the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor *"Chega", a 2020 song by Gaia Gozzi Gaia Gozzi, known as ...

, align="center" , 2019 , align="center" , 7.28% (

) , align="center" , 410,965 , , Portuguese nationalism, national conservatism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , rowspan="4" , ,

United Romania Party The United Romania Party ( ro, Partidul România Unită) was a Romanian nationalist political party. It was founded by former members of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), such as Bogdan Diaconu and Greater Romania Party (PRM), like Horațiu Șe ...

, align="center" , 2015 , align="center" , >0.50% (

) , align="center" , >50,000 , , Romanian nationalism , , - ,

Greater Romania Party The Greater Romania Party ( ro, Partidul România Mare, PRM) is a Romanian nationalist political party. Founded in May 1991 by Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor, it was led by the latter from that point until his death in September 2015. The ...

, align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 0.55% (

) , align="center" , 32,654 , , Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment , , -
Rational Romania
, 2019 , - , - , - , Romanian rational nationalism. Neutral, Objective, Patriotic , , - ,

Alliance for the Union of Romanians The Alliance for the Union of Romanians ( ro, Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor, AUR) is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party currently active in Romania and Moldova. It was founded on 19 September 2019. This was done with the ...

, align="center" , 2019 , align="center" , 8.99% (

) , align="center" , 535,828 , , Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment, Christian Nationalism , , - , ,

LDPR ) , abbreviation = LDPR (English)ЛДПР (Russian) , native_name = , newspaper = ''For the Russian People'' , youth_wing = , seats1_title = Seats in the Federation Council , seats1 = , seats2_title ...

, align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 7.55% (

) , align="center" , 4,252,096 , ,

Russian nationalism Russian nationalism is a form of nationalism that promotes Russian cultural identity and unity. Russian nationalism first rose to prominence in the early 19th century, and from its origin in the Russian Empire, to its repression during early ...

, Russian

imperialism Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas, often through employing hard power (economic and ...

, anti-Americanism , , - , rowspan="4" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" , Serbian People's Party , align="center" , 2014 , colspan="2" , , ,

Serbian nationalism Serbian nationalism asserts that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs. It is an ethnic nationalism, originally arising in the context of the general rise of nationalism in the Balkans under Ottoman rule, und ...

, , - ,

Serbian Party Oathkeepers The Serbian Party Oathkeepers ( sr-cyrl, Српска странка Заветници, Srpska stranka Zavetnici, SSZ) is a far-right political party in Serbia. The party's previous name was Serbian Movement Oathkeepers ( sr-cyrl, Српск� ...

, align="center" , 2012 , align="center" , 3.87% (

) , align="center" , 138,260 , ,

, , - ,

Dveri The Serbian Movement "Dveri" ( sr-Cyr, Српски покрет Двери, Srpski pokret Dveri), commonly just known as Dveri (), is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Serbia. It its currently led by Boško Obradović, wh ...

, align="center" , 1999 , align="center" , 3.84% (

) , align="center" , 140,100 , ,

, Christian right,

Monarchism Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. ...

Eco-nationalism Eco-nationalism (also known as ecological nationalism or green nationalism) is a synthesis of nationalism and green politics. Eco-nationalists may be from many points across the left–right political spectrum, but all are bound to the idea tha ...

, , - ,

Serbian Radical Party The Serbian Radical Party ( sr-cyrl, Српска радикална странка, Srpska radikalna stranka, ''SRS'') is an ultranationalist political party in Serbia. It was founded in 1991, and its founder and current leader is Vojislav Še ...

, align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 2.23% (

) , align="center" , 80,218 , ,

Serbian irredentism The term Greater Serbia or Great Serbia ( sr, Велика Србија, Velika Srbija) describes the Serbian nationalism, Serbian nationalist and irredentism, irredentist ideology of the creation of a Serb State (polity), state which would incorp ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , ,

, align="center" , 1989 , align="center" , 3.16% (

) , align="center" , 91,171 , , Slovak ultra-nationalist,New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party
HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, 15 April 2005) Antiziganism , bgcolor="#007A89" ,

MELD MELD may refer to: * Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, a prognostic model * A variant of the declarative language CycL * Molecular orbital diagram, Molecular energy-level diagram, a type of one-dimensional plot with a significant qualitative aspec ...

, - ,

Kotleba - People's Party Our Slovakia People's Party Our Slovakia ( sk, Ľudová strana naše Slovensko, ĽSNS) is a Far-right politics, far-right Neo-Nazism, neo-Nazi List of political parties in Slovakia, political party in Slovakia. The party claims to derive its origin from the ...

, align="center" , 2011 , align="center" , 8.0% (

) , align="center" , 229,581 , , Neo-fascism , bgcolor="#314552" , APF , - , rowspan="2" , ,

, align="center" , 1989 , align="center" , 23.5 (

) , align="center" , 279,897 , ,

Slovenian nationalism Slovenian nationalism is the nationalism that asserts that Slovenes are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Slovenes.Jeffrey Cole. Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2011. Pp. 346. S ...

, bgcolor="#3399FF" , EPP , - ,

, align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 1.5% (

) , align="center" , 17,736 , ,

, , - , rowspan="5" , , Vox , align="center" , 2013 , align="center" , 15.1% (

) , align="center" , 3,639,772 , ,

Spanish nationalism The creation of the tradition of the political community of Spaniards as common destiny over other communities has been argued to trace back to the Cortes of Cádiz. Revisiting the history of Spain, after 1812 Spanish liberalism tended to take fo ...

National Conservatism National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity. National conservatives usually combine nationalism with conservative stances promoting traditional cultural values, ...

, bgcolor="#9CAABD" , AECR , - , Spanish Falange of the JONS , align="center" , 1976 , align="center" , 0.04% (

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

) , align="center" , 9,862 , ,

Falangism Falangism ( es, falangismo) was the political ideology of two political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española de las JONS, Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de la ...

, , - ,

España 2000 España 2000 (E-2000) is a far-right political party in Spain which has never obtained national or regional parliamentary representation. The last time it ran for General elections was in 2011, where it obtained 9266 votes out of a total of 24,59 ...

, align="center" , 2002 , align="center" , 0.04% (

) , align="center" , 9,266 , ,

, , - ,

National Democracy National Democracy may refer to: * National Democracy (Czech Republic) * National Democracy (Italy) * National Democracy (Philippines) * National Democracy (Poland) * National Democracy (Spain) See also * Civic nationalism, a general concept * Na ...

, align="center" , 1995 , align="center" , 0.01% (

) , align="center" , 1,867 , , Spanish nationalism , bgcolor="#314552" , APF , - ,

La Falange La Falange ( eng, The Phalanx), also known as FE/La Falange, is a Spanish political party registered in 1999. The party originated as a split of the Falange Española de las JONS (1976), Falange Española de las JONS, led by Gustavo Morales and J ...

, align="center" , 1999 , align="center" , 0.00% (

) , align="center" , 254 , ,

national syndicalism National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism to suit the broader agenda of integral nationalism. National syndicalism developed in France in the early 20th century, and then spread to Italy, Spain, and Portugal. It is generall ...

, , - , rowspan="3" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" ,

, align="center" , 1988 , align="center" , 20.5% (

) , align="center" , 1,322,214 , , Swedish nationalism, Anti-immigration, Euroscepticism , bgcolor="#0054A5" , AECR , - ,

Alternative for Sweden Alternative for Sweden ( sv, link=no, Alternativ för Sverige, AfS) is a far right political party in Sweden. It was founded in March 2018. The party was founded by Gustav Kasselstrand and William Hahne. Alternative for Sweden was founded ...

, align="center" , 2018 , align="center" , 0.26% (

) , align="center" , 16,646 , , Swedish nationalism, Anti-immigration, Euroscepticism , , - ,

Swedish Resistance Movement The Nordic Resistance Movement; Norwegian: nb, Nordiske motstandsbevegelsen, NMB; nn, Nordiske motstandsrørsla NMR; fi, Pohjoismainen Vastarintaliike, PVL; is, Norræna mótstöðuhreyfingin, NMH; da, Den nordiske modstandsbevægelse, ...

, align="center" , 1997 , align="center" , 0.03% (

) , align="center" , 2,106 , , Militant national socialist (part of the

Nordic Resistance Movement The Nordic Resistance Movement; Norwegian: nb, Nordiske motstandsbevegelsen, NMB; nn, Nordiske motstandsrørsla NMR; fi, Pohjoismainen Vastarintaliike, PVL; is, Norræna mótstöðuhreyfingin, NMH; da, Den nordiske modstandsbevægelse, ...

) , , - , , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

, align="center" , 1971 , align="center" , 25.6% (

) , align="center" , 740,954 , ,

Agrarianism Agrarianism is a political and social philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, smallholdings, and egalitarianism, with agrarian political parties normally supporting the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , bgcolor="#FFAF3E" ,

Nationalist Movement Party The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party; tr, Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) is a Turkish far-right and ultranationalist political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been ...

, align="center" , 1969 , align="center" , 11.1% (

) , align="center" , 5,565,331 , , Turkish nationalism , , - ,

Good Party The Good Party ( Turkish: ''İyi Parti'') is a nationalist, national conservative, Kemalist, and liberal democrat political party in Turkey, established on 25 October 2017 by its current leader Meral Akşener. Their fraternal party is the liber ...

, align="center" , 2017 , align="center" , 9.96% (

) , align="center" , 4,993,479 , , {{nowrap,

Turkish nationalism Turkish nationalism ( tr, Türk milliyetçiliği) is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a Turkey#Demographics, national, Turkish people, ethnic, or Turkish language, linguistic group. The term "ultrana ...

,{{cite news, title=Turkish nationalists form new party challenging Erdogan, url=http://www.dw.com/en/turkish-nationalists-form-new-party-challenging-erdogan/a-41101708, work=Deutsche Welle, date=25 October 2017

Kemalism Kemalism ( tr, Kemalizm, also archaically ''Kamâlizm''), also known as Atatürkism ( tr, Atatürkçülük, Atatürkçü düşünce), or The Six Arrows ( tr, Altı Ok), is the founding official ideology of the Republic of Turkey.Eric J. Zurche ...

,{{cite web, url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/turkey.html, title=Turkey, website=Parties and Elections in Europe, first=Wolfram, last=Nordsieck, year=2018, access-date=1 September 2018 , , - , rowspan="3" , {{flag, Ukraine ,

Right Sector Right Sector ( uk, Пра́вий се́ктор, ''Pravyi sektor'') is a right-wing to far-right, Ukrainian nationalist organization. It originated in November 2013 as a right-wing, paramilitary confederation of several radical nationalist orga ...

, align="center" , 2014 , align="center" , 2.15% (

) , align="center" , 315,568 , {{Composition bar, 0, 450, red , Ukrainian nationalism , , - , Svoboda , align="center" , 1991 , align="center" , 2.15% (

) , align="center" , 315,568 , {{Composition bar, 1, 450, red , Ukrainian nationalism, Anti-Russian , , - , Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists , align="center" , 1992 , align="center" , 2.15% (

) , align="center" , 315,568 , {{Composition bar, 0, 450, red , Ukrainian nationalism , , - , rowspan=3 , {{flag, United Kingdom , British National Party , align="center" , 1982 , align="center" , 0.00% (

) , align="center" , 510 , {{Composition bar, 0, 650, {{party color, British National Party , White supremacism, British nationalism, British Fascism, Right-wing populism , bgcolor="#9CAABD" , AENM , - , National Front , align="center" , 1967 , align="center" , 0.00% (

) , align="center" , 1,114 , {{Composition bar, 0, 650, {{party color, National Front (UK) , White supremacism, British nationalism, British Fascism , , - ,

Patriotic Alternative Patriotic Alternative (PA) is a British far-right, white nationalist and fascist group which states that it has active branches nationwide. Its stance has been variously described as antisemitic, Islamophobic, fascist and racist. History Patr ...

, align="center" , 2019 , , , {{Composition bar, 0, 650, red , White nationalism, British nationalism, Anti-immigration ,

Disputed

{, class="wikitable sortable" ! Party ! Country ! Date established ! % of popular vote (legislature) ! Votes (legislature) ! Seats ! Ideology , - , Peace to Luhansk region , {{flag, Luhansk People's Republic , align=center , 2014 , align=center , 74.12% (

) , align=center , , {{Composition bar, 37, 50, Blue ,

, Luhansk separatism , - , Donetsk Republic , {{flag, Donetsk People's Republic , align=center , 2005 , align=center , 72.38% (

) , align=center , , {{Composition bar, 74, 100, Blue ,

, Donbass separatism , - , Unity Party , {{flag, South Ossetia , align=center , 2003 , align=center , 46.3% (

2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...

) , align=center , 21,246 , {{Composition bar, 17, 34, red ,

Ossetia Ossetia ( , ; os, Ирыстон or , or ; russian: Осетия, Osetiya; ka, ოსეთი, translit. ''Oseti'') is an ethnolinguistic region located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. ...

, - ,

Free Motherland Free Motherland ( hy, «Ազատ Հայրենիք» կուսակցություն, ''Azat Hayrenik kusaktsutyun'') abbreviated as ԱՀԿ or AHK is a political party in Artsakh. The party was formed on 29 January 2005. Initially, the party consis ...

, {{flag, Artsakh , align=center , 2005 , align=center , 44.2% (

2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...

) , align=center , 29,252 , {{Composition bar, 14, 33, red , Armenian nationalism,

, - ,

National Unity Party The National Unity Party, National United Party, Party of National Unity or National Unity Front may refer to: * National United Party of Afghanistan (founded 2003) * National Unity Party (Albania) * National United Party (Armenia), defunct * Natio ...

, {{flagicon, Cyprus {{flag, Northern Cyprus , align=center , 1975 , align=center , 44.1% (

) , align=center , 622,804 , {{Composition bar, 27, 50, red ,

, - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Vetëvendosje Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (, en, Self-determination Movement; LVV) is a centre-left to left-wing political party in Kosovo. It is orientated towards principles of social democracy, populism, and Albanian nationalism. Vetëvendosje was founded in ...

, {{flag, Kosovo , align=center , 2005 , align=center , 26.27% (

) , align=center , 221,001 , {{Composition bar, 29, 120, red , Albanian Nationalism &

, - , Renewal , {{flag, Transnistria, name=Pridnestrovia , align=center , 2000 , align=center , % (

) , align=center , 75,800 , {{Composition bar, 25, 43, red ,

Centrism Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to the l ...

Russian Nationalism Russian nationalism is a form of nationalism that promotes Russian cultural identity and unity. Russian nationalism first rose to prominence in the early 19th century, and from its origin in the Russian Empire, to its repression during early ...

, - ,

United Abkhazia United Abkhazia ( ab, Аԥсны Акзаара, russian: Единая Абхазия) is a political party in Abkhazia. United Abkhazia was founded on March 25, 2004 as a socio-political movement, with the specific goal of presenting a single opp ...

, {{flag, Abkhazia , align=center , 2004 , align=center , % (

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

) , align=center , , {{Composition bar, 3, 35, red ,

, -

Regional

{, class="wikitable sortable" ! Party ! Country ! Date established ! % of popular vote (legislature) ! Votes (legislature) ! Seats ! Ideology , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Basque National Party The Basque Nationalist Party (, EAJ ; es, Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV; french: Parti Nationaliste Basque, PNB; EAJ-PNV), officially Basque National Party in English,) was rejected by party members in November 2011. Nonetheless, the party did ...

, {{flagicon, Spain Flag of the Basque Country

Basque Autonomous Community , align=center , 1895 , align=center , 37.4% (

) , align=center , 398,168 , {{Composition bar, 28, 75, red , Basque nationalism , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Geroa Bai Geroa Bai ( en, Yes to the Future) is a regional political coalition in the Chartered Community of Navarre, created for the 2011 election to the Cortes Generales. It includes the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), Atarrabia Taldea, and the Zabal ...

(

+ other minor parties) , {{flagicon, Spain {{Flagdeco, Navarre, size=20px, text=none

Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...

, align=center , 2011 , align=center , 15.8% (

) , align=center , 53,497 , {{Composition bar, 9, 50, red , Basque nationalism , - , bgcolor="#FFAF3E",

EH Bildu EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu ( en, link=yes, Basque Country Gather or Basque Country Unite) is a left-wing, Basque nationalist, pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country, Navar ...

, {{flagicon, Spain Flag of the Basque Country

Basque Autonomous Community {{flagicon, Spain {{Flagdeco, Navarre, size=20px, text=none

, align=center , 2011 , align=center , 21.1% (

) 14.2% (

) , align=center , 225,172 48,166 , {{Composition bar, 18, 75, red{{Composition bar, 8, 50, red , Basque nationalism , - , Alliance of Independent Social Democrats , {{flagicon, Bosnia {{flag, Republika Srpska , align=center , 2001 , align=center , 50.5% (

) , align=center , 319,615 , {{Composition bar, 37, 83, red , Serbian nationalism , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00", Together for Catalonia , {{flagicon, Spain {{flag, Catalonia , align=center , 2017 , align=center , 21.6% (

) , align=center , 940,602 , {{Composition bar, 34, 135, red , Catalan independentism

Liberalism Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for c ...

, - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes ( ca, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya–Catalunya Sí, ERC–CatSí) is a Catalan pro-independence electoral alliance. The alliance is formed by Republican Left of Catalonia, Catalonia Yes and in ...

, {{flagicon, Spain {{flag, Catalonia , align=center , 2017 , align=center , 21.4% (

) , align=center , 929,407 , {{Composition bar, 32, 135, red , Catalan independentism

Social democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...

, - , bgcolor="#FFAF3E",

Popular Unity Candidacy The Popular Unity Candidacy ( ca, Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, , CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communiti ...

, {{flagicon, Spain {{flag, Catalonia , align=center , 2017 , align=center , 8.2% (

) , align=center , 193,352 , {{Composition bar, 4, 135, red , Catalan inedependentism

Anticapitalism Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and Political movement, movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose capitalism. In this sense, anti-capitalists are those who wish to replace capitalism with another type of economi ...

, - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Pè a Corsica Pè a Corsica ( en, For Corsica) was a Corsican nationalist political alliance in France, which was calling for more autonomy for Corsica. More specifically, it was a coalition of the two Corsican nationalist parties active on the island; that ...

, {{flagicon, France {{flag, Corsica , align=center , 2002 , align=center , 45.4% (

)
(54.5% in second round) , align=center , 54,212
(67,253 in second round) , {{Composition bar, 32, 63, red ,

Corsican nationalism Corsican nationalism is a nationalist movement in Corsica that advocates more autonomy for the island, if not outright independence from France. Political support The main separatist party, Corsica Libera, achieved 9.85% of votes in the 20 ...

, - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

, {{flagicon, Belgium {{flag, Flanders , align=center , 2001 , align=center , 24.83% (

) , align=center , 1,052,252 , {{Composition bar, 35, 124, red , Flemish nationalism
Regionalism
Separatism
Conservatism
Liberal conservatism
Republicanism , - ,

Flemish Interest , ideology = , predecessor = Vlaams Blok , position = , europarl = Identity and Democracy , european = Identity and Democracy Party , youth_wing = Vlaams Belang Jongeren , colours = , ...

, {{flagicon, Belgium {{flag, Flanders , align=center , 2004 , align=center , 18.50% (

) , align=center , 783,977 , {{Composition bar, 23, 124, red , Flemish nationalism
Right-wing populism
Separatism
National conservatism
Euroscepticism
Republicanism , bgcolor="#1a237e" , ID , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Martinican Independence Movement The Martinican Independence Movement or MIM (french: Mouvement Indépendantiste Martiniquais; Martinican Creole: ''Mouvman endépandantis matinitjé'' or ''Mouvman endépandantis matiniké'') is a left-wing political party in the overseas departme ...

, {{flagicon, France {{flag, Martinique , align=center , 2002 , align=center , 30.3% (

)
(54.1% in second round) , align=center , 36,523
(83,541 in second round) , {{Composition bar, 33, 51, red , Martinican nationalism , - , bgcolor="#FFFF00" ,

Scottish National Party The Scottish National Party (SNP; sco, Scots National Pairty, gd, Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba ) is a Scottish nationalist and social democratic political party in Scotland. The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence from ...

, {{flagicon, UK {{flag, Scotland , align="center" , 1934 , align="center" , 44.1% (

)
(Constituency vote: 46.5%)
(Regional vote: 41.7%) , align="center" , 2,013,484
(Constituency vote: 1,059,897)
(Regional vote: 953,587) , {{Composition bar, 63, 129, red ,

Scottish independence Scottish independence ( gd, Neo-eisimeileachd na h-Alba; sco, Scots unthirldom) is the idea of Scotland as a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom, and refers to the political movement that is campaigning to bring it about. S ...

Scottish nationalism Scottish nationalism promotes the idea that the Scottish people form a cohesive nation and national identity. Scottish nationalism began to shape from 1853 with the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights, progressing into t ...

, , - ,

Plaid Cymru Plaid Cymru ( ; ; officially Plaid Cymru – the Party of Wales, often referred to simply as Plaid) is a centre-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom. Plaid wa ...

, {{flagicon, UK {{flag, Wales , align=center , 1925 , align=center , 20.7% (

)
(Constituency vote: 20.5%)
(Regional vote: 20.8%) , align=center , 420,924
(Constituency vote: 209,376)
(Regional vote: 211,548) , {{Composition bar, 12, 60, red ,

Welsh nationalism Welsh nationalism ( cy, Cenedlaetholdeb Cymreig) emphasises and celebrates the distinctiveness of Welsh culture and Wales as a nation or country. Welsh nationalism may also include calls for further autonomy or self determination which includes ...

Welsh independence Welsh independence ( cy, Annibyniaeth i Gymru) is the political movement advocating for Wales to become a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom. Wales was conquered during the 13th century by Edward I of England following the ki ...

, Civil nationalism,

, , - ,

, {{flagicon, Northern Ireland, union

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

, align="center" , 1905 , align="center" , 27.9% (

) , align="center" , 224,245 , {{Composition bar, 27, 90, red ,

, - , bgcolor="#FFFF00",

Party of Democratic Action The Party of Democratic Action ( bs, Stranka demokratske akcije; abbr. SDA) is a Bosniak nationalist, conservative political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. History The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 in Sarajevo, ...

{{cite web, last1=Party of Democratic Action, first1=SDA, title=SDA won the general elections in Bosnia, nationalist on the top again!, url=http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/sda-ce-u-skupstini-kantona-sarajevo-imati-11-ili-12-zastupnika/141014049, publisher=klix.ba, access-date=16 October 2014 , {{flagicon, Bosnia {{flag, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , align=center , 1990 , align=center , 20.2% (

) , align=center , 206,926 , {{Composition bar, 23, 98, red , Bosniak nationalism , - ,

Croatian Democratic Union The Croatian Democratic Union ( hr, Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, lit=Croatian Democratic Community, HDZ) is the major conservative, centre-right political party in Croatia. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croa ...

, {{flagicon, Bosnia {{flag, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , align=center , 1990 , align=center , 10.6% (

) , align=center , 108,943 , {{Composition bar, 12, 98, red , Croatian nationalism , - ,

Galician Nationalist Bloc The Galician Nationalist Bloc ( gl, Bloque Nacionalista Galego, BNG ) is a political alliance of left-wing Galician nationalist parties. It is self-defined as a "patriotic front". Formed in 1982, under the guidance of historical leader Xosé Man ...

, {{flagicon, Spain {{flag, Galicia , align=center , 1982 , align=center , 23.79% (

) , align=center , 311,340 , {{Composition bar, 19, 75, red , Galician nationalism , - , Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians , {{flagicon, Serbia {{flag, Vojvodina , align=center , 1994 , align=center , 9.29% (

) , align=center , 75,218 , {{Composition bar, 11, 120, red ,

, -

European Nationalist political party

* Alliance for Peace and Freedom (2014–present) *

European National Front European National Front (ENF) was a coordinating structure of European ultranationalist parties. There had been one elected MEP from ENF in the past. He was the leader of the Italian New Force, Roberto Fiore. Three parties of the European Nati ...

(2004–2009)

References

{{reflist, 30em

Sources

* {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUw25AKnnw0C, title=Diskursstrategien im Rechtspopulismus: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs und Schweizerische Volkspartei zwischen Opposition und Regierungsbeteiligung , first=Oliver , last=Geden , year=2006 , publisher=VS Verlag , isbn=978-3-531-15127-4 * {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wP7-a7NC0mkC, title=The radical right in Switzerland: continuity and change, 1945-2000 , first=Damir , last=Skenderovic , year=2009 , publisher=Berghahn Books , isbn=978-1-84545-580-4

External links

*Antonis Klapsis, An Unholy Alliance: The European Far Right and Putin's Russia (Brussels: Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, 2015) (http://www.martenscentre.eu/publications/far-right-political-parties-in-europe-and-putins-russia, https://www.academia.edu/12673001/An_Unholy_Alliance._The_European_Far_Right_and_Putins_Russia).

Nationalist parties in Europe Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

Nationalist parties Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

Overview

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

Recent developments

Slovenian Parliamentary Elections, 3 June 2018

Estonian General election, March 2019

Spanish General election, November 2019

Hungarian Parliamentary Elections, 3 April 2022

Swedish General Elections, 11 September 2022

Italian General Elections, 25 September 2022

List

National

Disputed

Regional

European Nationalist political party

References

Sources

Further reading

External links