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National Movement (Poland)
National Movement ( pl, Ruch Narodowy, RN) is an ultranationalist political party in Poland. It is led by Robert Winnicki. It was founded in 2012 as an organization, and in 2014 it was registered as a political party. It is a part of the Confederation Liberty and Independence, and it currently has 5 members in the Sejm. It is a far-right political party and it is orientated towards socially conservative and militarist stances. National Congress Meetings The First Congress of the National Movement took place on June 8, 2013 in Warsaw. Guest of honor at the congress was Rafał Ziemkiewicz. Representatives of the groups co-create the movement and signed the declaration of ideological National Movement. The Second Congress of the National Movement took place May 3, 2014 in Warsaw. Honorary guests of the congress were Leszek Zebrowski, Stanislaw Michalkiewicz and Márton Gyöngyösi of the Hungarian Jobbik. Also the guest list included the party's other international allies: Robert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Winnicki
Robert Artur Winnicki (born 18 July 1985) is a Polish politician who has been a member of the Sejm since 2015. He heads the National Movement political party. Before entering politics, Winnicki worked as a journalist. He served as a chairman of the far-right All-Polish Youth from 2009 to 2013. In 2012, he founded the National Movement and in 2015, he was first elected in the 2015 Polish parliamentary election running as the main candidate on the list of Kukiz'15 in the 1-Legnica constituency. He was re-elected to the Sejm in 2019, this time running as the main candidate on the list of Confederation Liberty and Independence in the 24-Białystok constituency. Biography Winnicki attended but did not graduate from the University of Wrocław where he studied political science. After his studies he worked in real estate and managed a hotel. He also worked as a journalist. His first political campaign was in 2007 when he unsuccessfully ran in the 2007 Polish parliamentary election a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafał Ziemkiewicz
Rafał is the Polish form of the male given name Raphael. Rafał (Polish pronunciation: ) may refer to: *Rafał Śliż (born 1983), Polish ski jumper * Rafał A. Ziemkiewicz (born 1964), Polish fiction author and journalist * Rafał Andraszak (born 1978), Polish footballer *Rafał Augustyn (composer) (born 1951), composer of classical music, pianist, music critic, writer and scholar of Polish philology *Rafał Augustyn (racewalker) (born 1984), Polish race walker *Rafał Berliński (born 1976), Polish footballer *Rafał Blechacz (born 1985), Polish classical pianist * Rafał Boguski (born 1984), Polish footballer *Rafał Bruski (born 1962), Polish politician, president of Bydgoszcz (2010) *Rafał Brzozowski (born 1981), Polish singer and TV presenter, represented Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 * Rafał Dębski (born 1969), Polish writer of fantasy, historic, sensational and criminal novels *Rafał de Weryha-Wysoczański, Ph.D., (born 1975), Polish art historian, geneal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gun Laws In Poland
Polish law allows modern firearms ownership under Police-issued permit for people who can provide an important reason. Hunting, sport shooting and collection are the most popular reasons and require membership in suitable organizations. Self-defense reason, while allowed, requires a proof of threat to life, health or property and is rarely allowed. Antique firearms or their replicas and some air guns are available without a permit. With approximately 2.5 civilian firearms per 100 people, Poland is the 166th most armed country in the world. Less than 0.6% of citizens have valid firearm permits. History Second Polish Republic On 25 January 1919 Józef Piłsudski acting as the Head of state of the newly re-established Poland, issued a decree that become the first Polish law dealing with firearm ownership, however laws enacted previously during Partitions of Poland were still in power in some parts of the country till 1932. In particular, the firearm permit of 1922 presented in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powiat
A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powiat''" is most often translated into English as "county" or "district" (sometimes "poviat"). In historical contexts this may be confusing because the Polish term ''hrabstwo'' (an administrative unit administered/owned by a ''hrabia'' (count) is also literally translated as "county". A ''powiat'' is part of a larger unit, the voivodeship (Polish ''województwo'') or province. A ''powiat'' is usually subdivided into '' gmina''s (in English, often referred to as "communes" or "municipalities"). Major towns and cities, however, function as separate counties in their own right, without subdivision into ''gmina''s. They are termed " city counties" (''powiaty grodzkie'' or, more formally, ''miasta na prawach powiatu'') and have roughly the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watchtower (fortification)
A watchtower or watch tower is a type of fortification used in many parts of the world. It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers. History Military watchtowers The Romans built numerous towers as part of a system of communications, one example being the towers along Hadrian's Wall in Britain. Romans built many lighthouses, such as the Tower of Hercules in northern Spain, which survives to this day as a working building, and the equally famous lighthouse at Dover Castle, which survives to about half its original height as a ruin. In medieval Europe, many castles and manor houses, or similar fortified buildings, were equipped with watchtowers. In some of the manor houses of wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Defence Force (Poland)
The Territorial Defence Force – TDF ( pl, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej – WOT) is the fifth military branch of the Polish Armed Forces, following Land Forces, Air Force, Navy and Special Forces. The force is made up of professional and part-time volunteer soldiers, forming part of the country's defence and deterrence system. Formed in 2016, it had reached 24,000 personnel by July 2019, and was slated to reach a size of around 53,000 personnel in 17 light infantry brigades by 2021. The creation of the Polish TDF relates to the reforms in the Baltic states' Territorial Defence Forces to provide response during the early stages of a hybrid conflict. History The Territorial Defence Force is a planned reserve component of Poland's military. A similar, identically named, organization had existed in the country since 1965 but was disbanded in 2008 as part of a modernization program. The re-creation of the Territorial Defence Force was first announced in 2015 in reaction to the war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, abbreviated ''SZ RP''; popularly called ''Wojsko Polskie'' in Poland, abbreviated ''WP''—roughly, the "Polish Military") are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland. The name has been used since the early 19th century, but can also be applied to earlier periods. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland are the Wojska Lądowe ( Polish Land Forces), Marynarka Wojenna ( Polish Navy), Siły Powietrzne ( Polish Air Forces), Wojska Specjalne (Polish Special Forces) and Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej ( Polish Territorial Defence Force) which are under the command of the Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ( Ministry of National Defence of Poland). In 2022, Poland ranked 20th in the world in terms of military expenditures and was among the nine NATO member states that have maintained their military spending above the required 2% of annual GDP. In accordance with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporate Income Tax
A corporate tax, also called corporation tax or company tax, is a direct tax imposed on the income or capital of corporations or analogous legal entities. Many countries impose such taxes at the national level, and a similar tax may be imposed at state or local levels. The taxes may also be referred to as income tax or capital tax. A country's corporate tax may apply to: * corporations incorporated in the country, * corporations doing business in the country on income from that country, * foreign corporations who have a permanent establishment in the country, or * corporations deemed to be resident for tax purposes in the country. Company income subject to tax is often determined much like taxable income for individual taxpayers. Generally, the tax is imposed on net profits. In some jurisdictions, rules for taxing companies may differ significantly from rules for taxing individuals. Certain corporate acts or types of entities may be exempt from tax. The incidence of corporate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turnover Tax
A turnover tax is similar to VAT, with the difference that it taxes intermediate and possibly capital goods. It is an indirect tax, typically on an ad valorem basis, applicable to a production process or stage. For example, when manufacturing activity is completed, a tax may be charged on some companies. Sales tax occurs when merchandise has been sold. By country In South Africa, the turnover tax is a simple tax on the gross income of small businesses. Businesses that elect to pay the turnover tax are exempt from VAT. Turnover tax is at a very low rate compared to most taxes but is without any deductions. In the Republic of Ireland, turnover tax was introduced in 1963 and followed by wholesale tax in 1966. Both were replaced in 1972 by VAT, in preparation for Ireland's accession to the European Communities, which prohibited both taxes. See also * Cascade tax * Goods and Services Tax * Gross receipts tax * Sales tax * Turnover tax in the Soviet Union * Value-added tax A valu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Insurance
Social insurance is a form of Social protection, social welfare that provides insurance against economic risks. The insurance may be provided publicly or through the subsidizing of private insurance. In contrast to other forms of Welfare, social assistance, individuals' claims are partly dependent on their contributions, which can be considered insurance premiums to create a common fund out of which the individuals are then paid benefits in the future. Types of social insurance include: * Universal health care, Public health insurance * Social Security (United States), Social Security * Unemployment Insurance, Public Unemployment Insurance * Public auto insurance * Parental leave, Universal parental leave Features * The contributions of individuals is nominal and never goes beyond what they can afford * the Social welfare, benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute; * explicit provision is made to account for the income and exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Income Tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income. The tax rate may increase as taxable income increases (referred to as graduated or progressive tax rates). The tax imposed on companies is usually known as corporate tax and is commonly levied at a flat rate. Individual income is often taxed at progressive rates where the tax rate applied to each additional unit of income increases (e.g., the first $10,000 of income taxed at 0%, the next $10,000 taxed at 1%, etc.). Most jurisdictions exempt local charitable organizations from tax. Income from investments may be taxed at different (generally lower) rates than other types of income. Credits of various sorts may be allowed that reduce tax. Some jurisdicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracia Nacional
National Democracy ( es, Democracia Nacional, DN) is a far-right political party in Spain, founded in 1995. It is modelled on the National Rally (RN) of France, and grew indirectly out of several defunct parties like the Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe (CEDADE) group and ''Juntas Españolas''. Until 2018, its leader was Manuel Canduela Serrano, a former member of ''Acción Radical'', a group active in the Valencian Community. He was also a vocalist in the so-called "identity" rock group Division 250. The party's current leader is Pedro Chaparro. In the 2004 general election, the party got 15,180 votes throughout Spain, amounting to 0.06% of the total vote. In the 2008 general election, it got 12,588 votes, amounting to 0.05% of the vote. That dropped to 0.01% of the vote in the 2011 general election, with 1,876 votes. In 2007 the party gained three town councillors: two in Tardajos and one in Herradón de Pinares. In Tardajos it governed with the People's Party. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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