Canadian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes, or techniques—invented, innovated, or discovered—that owe their existence either partially or entirely to a person born in Canada, a citizen of Canada, or a company or organization based in Canada. Some of these inventions were funded by National Research Council Canada (NRCC), which has been an important factor in innovation and technological advancement. Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. The following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognized to be Canadian.

Inventions and improvements

Notable Canadian inventions and improvements to existing technologies include:

Agriculture, food and beverage

File:ButtertartS1360021.jpg, A plain butter tart, cut to show the insides File:Nanaimo bar.JPG, Nanaimo bar File:Pizza with pineapple.jpg, Hawaiian pizza *

Ambrosia In the ancient Greek myths, ''ambrosia'' (, grc, ἀμβροσία 'immortality'), the food or drink of the Greek gods, is often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus ...

apple – first cultivated in

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

during the early 1990s. *

B.C. roll The B.C. (British Columbia) roll is a Maki-zushi (roll), a kind of sushi containing barbecued salmon and cucumber. It is prepared as an uramaki roll, a style of sushi in which the rice is on the outside. Often the roll contains barbecued salmon sk ...

– a type of sushi invented in

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

in 1974 by chef

Hidekazu Tojo (born February 8, 1950, in Kagoshima, Japan) is a Japanese-Canadian chef based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Career Tojo first learned to cook at home, due in part to the fact his mother was vegetarian and Tojo and his siblings wanted meat. ...

. * Beaver tails and touton –

fried dough Fried dough is a North American food associated with outdoor food stands in carnivals, amusement parks, fairs, rodeos, and seaside resorts. "Fried dough" is the specific name for a particular variety of fried bread made of a yeast dough; see ...

pastry that is sold in a variety of flavours. * Butter tart – a filling of butter, sugar, syrup, and egg, baked in a pastry shell. * Caesar (cocktail) – invented by Walter Chell in

Calgary Calgary ( ) is the largest city in the western Canadian province of Alberta and the largest metro area of the three Prairie Provinces. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, makin ...

in 1969. * California roll – a sushi roll with the seaweed wrapped on the inside of the rice, said to be created by the Japanese-Canadian chef living in

, in 1974, although there are competing claims. *

Canada Dry Ginger Ale Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks founded in 1904 and owned since 2008 by the American company Dr Pepper Snapple (now Keurig Dr Pepper). For over 100 years, Canada Dry has been known mainly for its ginger ale, though the company also manufact ...

– a dry ginger ale invented by

John J. McLaughlin John James McLaughlin (March 2, 1865 – January 28, 1914) was a Canadian pharmacist and manufacturer who was the founder of Canada Dry. Early life John J. McLaughlin was born near Enniskillen, Durham Region, Ontario, the eldest son of Mary ...

in 1904 under the name of "Pale Ginger Ale", before it was patented in 1907 under "Canada Dry Ginger Ale". * Canola Oil – developed from natural rapeseed (a plant from the turnip family) by National Research Council Canada (NRCC) personnel in the 1970s, containing a low- erucic acid content. *

Cheezies Cheezies are a brand of cheese puff snack food made and sold in Canada by W. T. Hawkins Ltd. The snack is made from extruded cornmeal covered in powdered cheddar cheese, and sold in distinctive red-and-white bags. History The snack was invented ...

– a brand of

cheese puff Cheese puffs, cheese curls, cheese balls, cheese ball puffs, cheesy puffs, or corn curls are a puffed corn snack, coated with a mixture of cheese or cheese-flavored powders. They are manufactured by extruding heated corn dough through a die ...

snack food made and sold in Canada by W. T. Hawkins Ltd. *

Cipaille Sea-pie is a layered meat pie made with meat or fish, and is known to have been served to British sailors during the 18th century. Its popularity was passed on to the New England colonies sufficiently to be included in Amelia Simmons's landmark ...

– a

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

adaptation of

sea-pie Sea-pie is a layered meat pie made with meat or fish, and is known to have been served to British sailors during the 18th century. Its popularity was passed on to the New England colonies sufficiently to be included in Amelia Simmons's landmar ...

without seafood. * Coffee Crisp – a chocolate bar invented by British company Rowntree in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

. *

Crispy Crunch Crispy Crunch is a hard chocolate bar with a crispy peanut butter flake inside that is made by Cadbury in Canada. Harold Oswin, an employee of Neilson Dairy, William Neilson, developed "Crispy Crunch" in 1930. History Harold Oswin was a candy ...

– created by Harold Oswin in 1930. *

Donair Doner kebab (, ; tr, döner or , ), also spelled döner kebab, is a type of kebab, made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie. Seasoned meat stacked in the shape of an inverted cone is turned slowly on the rotisserie, next to a vertical cook ...

– a regional variation of the doner kebab, using beef instead of lamb. Invented in

Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax is the capital and largest municipality of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the largest municipality in Atlantic Canada. As of the 2021 Census, the municipal population was 439,819, with 348,634 people in its urban area. The ...

around 1970 by Peter Gamoulakos. *

Fricot Fricot is a traditional Acadian dish. Fricot is such an important part of Acadian food culture that the call to eat in Acadian French is "''Au fricot!''" The main ingredients consist of potatoes, onions, and whatever meat was available, cooke ...

– A traditional stew consisting of clams, chicken and other meats. *

Ginger beef Ginger beef is a Canadian Chinese dish made from beef, ginger, and a distinctive sweet sauce. The ingredients of ginger beef can depend on where it is featured, but the Albertan version generally consists of deep fried strips of beef coated in ...

– is a

Canadian Chinese , native_name = , native_name_lang = , image = Chinese Canadian population by province.svg , image_caption = Chinese Canadians as percent of population by province / territory , pop = 1,715,7704.63% of the ...

dish made from

beef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (''Bos taurus''). In prehistoric times, humankind hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. Since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity ...

ginger Ginger (''Zingiber officinale'') is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices ...

, and a distinctive sweet

sauce In cooking, a sauce is a liquid, cream, or semi-solid food, served on or used in preparing other foods. Most sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to a dish. ''Sauce'' is a French word t ...

. * Hawaiian pizza – invented by the

Greek-Canadian Greek Canadians ( el, Ελληνοκαναδοί) are Canadian citizens who have full or partial Greek heritage or people who emigrated from Greece and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 Census, there were 262,140 Canadians who claimed Gr ...

cook and businessman Sam Panopoulos, in 1962. *

Instant mashed potatoes Instant mashed potatoes are potatoes that have been through an industrial process of cooking, mashing and dehydrating to yield a packaged convenience food that can be reconstituted by adding hot water or milk, producing an approximation of mashe ...

(dehydrated potato flakes) – invented by

Edward Asselbergs Edward Anton Maria Asselbergs (1927–1996) was a Dutch-Canadian food chemist famous for inventing the modern process of producing instant mashed potato flakes. He was raised in the Netherlands where he received his undergraduate degree, but fled ...

in 1962. *

Jubilee apple Jubilee apple is a modern cultivar of dessert apple, which was developed in the Canadian province of British Columbia by the Summerland Research Station.

– developed by

Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre The Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (previously known as the Dominion Experimental Farm at Summerland and Summerland Research Station) is an agricultural research centre in British Columbia, Canada. The centre has been historically important in th ...

in British Columbia. * London Fog – a hot tea-based drink that consists of Earl Grey tea, steamed milk, and vanilla syrup. *

Maple taffy Maple taffy (sometimes maple toffee in English-speaking Canada, tire d'érable or tire sur la neige in French-speaking Canada; also sugar on snow or candy on the snow or leather aprons in the United States) is a sugar candy made by boiling maple s ...

– a sugar candy made by boiling maple sap. *

Marquis wheat The Marquis bread wheat cultivar was developed by Dominion Agriculturalist Charles Saunders in 1904. It is a cross between Red Fife (male parent) and Hard Red Calcutta (female parent). It was selected for superiority in milling quality for bread ...

– invented by

Charles E. Saunders Sir Charles Edward Saunders, (February 2, 1867 – July 25, 1937) was a Canadian agronomist. He was the inventor of the 'Marquis' wheat cultivar. Saunders Secondary School in London, Ontario is named for him and other members of his promi ...

in 1908 and tested at the Agassiz experimental farm in

. (), developed from Red Fife wheat. * McIntosh apple – developed by John McIntosh in

Upper Canada The Province of Upper Canada (french: link=no, province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of the ...

in 1811 *

Montreal melon The Montreal melon, also known as the Montreal market muskmelon or the Montreal nutmeg melon (french: melon de Montréal), is a variety of melon recently rediscovered and cultivated in the Montreal, Quebec, Canada, area. Scientifically, it is a c ...

– originally cultivated in the

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...

area but lost due to

industrialization Industrialisation ( alternatively spelled industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organisation of an econo ...

. The melon's seeds have recently been rediscovered and its cultivation revitalized. *

Nanaimo bar The Nanaimo bar is a bar dessert that requires no baking and is named after the Canadian city of Nanaimo in British Columbia. It consists of three layers: a wafer, nut (walnuts, almonds, or pecans), and coconut crumb base; custard icing in th ...

– a dessert bar that requires no baking, invented in Nanaimo around 1953. *

Pablum Pablum is a processed cereal for infants originally marketed and co-created by the Mead Johnson Company in 1931. The product was developed at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, to combat infant malnutrition. The trademarke ...

– infant cereal, invented by

Frederick Tisdall Frederick Fitzgerald Tisdall (3 November 1893– 23 April 1949) was one of three Canadian pediatricians who developed the infant cereal Pablum. He first started working at The Hospital for Sick Children in 1921. In 1929 he was made Director of t ...

, Theodore Drake, and Allan Brown in 1930. *

Peanut butter Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Peanut butter is consumed in many countri ...

– Canadian chemist

Marcellus Gilmore Edson Marcellus Gilmore Edson (February 7, 1849 – March 6, 1940) was a Canadian chemist and pharmacist. In 1884, he patented a way to make peanut paste, an early version of peanut butter. Biography Marcellus Gilmore Edson was born at Bedford in Q ...

patented a way to make "peanut paste", also known as peanut butter in 1884. *

Pizza Pops Pizza Pops are a Canadian calzone-type snack produced by Pillsbury. Pizza Pops are sold both pre-cooked and frozen. Typically, they can be reheated in a microwave oven. However, they may also be cooked in a conventional oven. History Pizz ...

– a

calzone A calzone (, , ; "stocking" or "trouser") is an Italian oven-baked folded pizza, often described as a turnover, made with leavened dough. It originated in Naples in the 18th century. A typical calzone is made from salted bread dough, baked in ...

-type snack produced by Pillsbury. * Poutine – created in the

Centre-du-Québec Centre-du-Québec (, ''Central Quebec'') is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of and a 2016 Census population of 242,399 inhabitants. Description The Centre-du- ...

region in the 1950s. * Ragoût de boulettes ( Meatball Stew) – traditional

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

comfort food from

. * Ragoût de pattes (Stewed Pig's Feet) –

French-Canadian French Canadians (referred to as Canadiens mainly before the twentieth century; french: Canadiens français, ; feminine form: , ), or Franco-Canadians (french: Franco-Canadiens), refers to either an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to Fr ...

stew with leg or feet, originating in

. * Red Fife wheat – a Canadian landrace descendant of Western Ukrainian ( Galicia) wheat, first grown by

David Fife David Alexander Fife (1805–1877) was a Scottish-born Canadian farmer credited with developing the variety of wheat which later became known as Red Fife. Biography David Alexander Fife was born at Kincardine, Scotland in 1805. In 1820, his ...

in 1842. * Spartan apple – an apple similar to the McIntosh introduced to Summerland, British Columbia in 1936, developed by R. C. Palmer. * Tourtière – a French Canadian meat pie common during holidays, invented in the early 1600's, with the first recipe in 1840. *

Yukon Gold potato Yukon Gold is a large cultivar of potato most distinctly characterized by its thin, smooth, eye-free skin and yellow-tinged flesh. This potato was developed in the 1960s by Garnet ("Gary") Johnston in Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, with the hel ...

– invented by Gary Johnston in 1966.

Computing, film, and animation

Archie (search engine) Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first Internet search engine. The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student ...

– the first internet search engine, invented by

Alan Emtage Alan Emtage (born November 27, 1964) is a Barbadians, Bajan-Canadians, Canadian computer scientist who conceived and implemented the first version of Archie search engine, Archie, a pre-World Wide Web, Web Internet search engine for locating mat ...

McGill University McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill Universit ...

around 1988. * Film colorization – invented by

Wilson Markle Wilson Markle (born September 2, 1938) is a Canadian engineer who invented the film colorization process in 1970.

in 1983. * IMAX movie system – co-invented by Graeme Ferguson,

Roman Kroitor Roman Kroitor (December 12, 1926 – September 17, 2012) was a Canadian filmmaker who was known as an early practitioner of ''cinéma vérité'', as co-founder of IMAX, and as creator of the Sandde hand-drawn stereoscopic animation system. H ...

, and Robert Kerr in 1968, following the creation of what is now the IMAX Corporation. * Java programming language – invented by James Gosling in 1994. * Key frame animation – co-invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marcelli Wein at the NRC in the 1970s. * Multi-dynamic image technique – invented by

Christopher Chapman Christopher Chapman (January 24, 1927 – October 24, 2015) was a Canadian film writer, director, editor and cinematographer. Best known for his award-winning 1967 short film '' A Place to Stand'', he also pioneered the multi-dynamic image tech ...

in 1967. *

Trackball A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down ball mouse with an exposed protruding ball. Users roll the ball to position the on-s ...

– first built for the DATAR computer (although the concept was first mentioned in a similar project in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

Communications

BlackBerry 8820, BlackBerry Bold 9900 and BlackBerry Classic

56k modem A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by modulating one or more carr ...

– invented by Dr. Brent Townshend in 1996 * 735 kV power line – the international standard for long-distance electricity transmission, invented by

Jean-Jacques Archambault Jean-Jacques Archambault (March 21, 1919 – December 23, 2001) was a Quebec engineer. He worked at Hydro-Québec and is known for his work on the 735kV electric transmission technology in the early 1960s. 735-kV transmission line Shortly after be ...

in Quebec, where the world's first 735,000-volt line was commissioned in 1965 *

AM broadcasting AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions. It was the first method developed for making audio radio transmissions, and is still used worldwide, primarily for medium wave (also known as "AM band") transmis ...

– invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1906 *

Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to ...

– invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1906 *

BlackBerry The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus ''Rubus'' in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus ''Rubus'', and hybrids between the subgenera ''Rubus'' and ''Idaeobatus''. The taxonomy of ...

device – its development was led by Mike Lazaridis, who founded BlackBerry Limited * Cesium Beam

atomic clock An atomic clock is a clock that measures time by monitoring the resonant frequency of atoms. It is based on atoms having different energy levels. Electron states in an atom are associated with different energy levels, and in transitions betwee ...

– developed by National Research Council personnel in the 1960s *Computerized

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...

– invented by Roland Galarneau in 1972 *

Creed A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) in a form which is structured by subjects which summarize its core tenets. The ea ...

teleprinter A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical device that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. Initia ...

system – invented by

Frederick G. Creed Frederick George Creed (6 October 1871 – 11 December 1957) was a Canadian inventor, who spent most of his adult life in Britain. He worked in the field of telecommunications, and is particularly remembered as a key figure in the development of the ...

in 1900 * Fathometer – an early form of

sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1919 *

Gramophone A phonograph, in its later forms also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or since the 1940s called a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogu ...

– co-invented by

Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Te ...

in 1889

Hot-wire barretter The hot-wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect, it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor, which could demodulate amplitude-modulated signals, s ...

– invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1902 *

Newsprint Newsprint is a low-cost, non-archival paper consisting mainly of wood pulp and most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material. Invented in 1844 by Charles Fenerty of Nova Scotia, Canada, it usually has an ...

and pulped-wood paper – invented by Charles Fenerty in 1838 * Pager – invented by Irving "Al" Gross in 1949 *

Quartz clock Quartz clocks and quartz watches are timepieces that use an electronic oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time. This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very precise frequency, so that quartz clocks and watches are at least an ...

– built by

Warren Marrison Warren A. Marrison (21 May 1896 – 27 March 1980) was a Canadian engineer and inventor. Marrison was the co-inventor of the first Quartz clock in 1927. Early life and education Marrison was born in Inverary, Frontenac county, Ontario. He studi ...

in 1927 *

Radiotelephony A radiotelephone (or radiophone), abbreviated RT, is a radio communication system for conducting a conversation; radiotelephony means telephony by radio. It is in contrast to ''radiotelegraphy'', which is radio transmission of telegrams (messa ...

– first demonstrated by Reginald Fessenden in 1901 *

Standard time Standard time is the synchronisation of clocks within a geographical region to a single time standard, rather than a local mean time standard. Generally, standard time agrees with the local mean time at some meridian that passes through the r ...

– introduced by Scottish-Canadian Sandford Fleming in 1878 *

Telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into e ...

– invented by

in 1876 *Telephone handset – invented by Cyrille Duquet in 1878 * Undersea telegraph cable – invented by British-Canadian

Frederic Newton Gisborne Frederic Newton Gisborne (8 March 1824 – 30 August 1892) was a British inventor and electrician. Born in Broughton, Preston, Lancashire, England, he left England in 1842 for a trip around the world, finally settling in Canada in 1845. By cl ...

in 1857 * Walkie-talkie – invented by

Donald Hings Donald Lewes Hings, (November 6, 1907 – February 25, 2004) was a Canadian inventor, born in Leicester, England. In 1937 he created a portable radio signaling system for his employer CM&S, which he called a "packset", but which later beca ...

and Irving "Al" Gross in 1942 for military use

Climate-related

* Rotary snowplow – invented by Canadian dentist J.W. Elliot in 1869, and perfected by Orange Jull of

Orangeville, Ontario Orangeville (Canada 2016 Census 28,900) is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, and the seat of Dufferin County. History The first patent of land was issued to Ezekiel Benson, a land surveyor, on August 7, 1820. That was followed by land ...

* Snow blower – invented by Arthur Sicard (1927) * Steam-powered

foghorn A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. W ...

– invented by Robert Foulis (1859)

Defence

CADPAT digital camouflage pattern (Canadian Forces)

* ASDIC – invented by

Robert William Boyle Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 – April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar. Boyle was born in 1883 at Carbonear in the Dominion of Newfoundland. Boyle left Newfoundland ...

in 1916 *

Canadian pipe mine The Canadian pipe mine, also known as the McNaughton tube, was a type of landmine deployed in Britain during the invasion crisis of 1940–1941. It comprised a horizontally bored pipe packed with explosives, and once in place this could be use ...

– a land mine used in Britain in World War II * Beartrap (hauldown device) – invented for the

Royal Canadian Navy The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; french: Marine royale canadienne, ''MRC'') is the Navy, naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack s ...

in the early 1960s to assist helicopter landings onboard ships * CADPAT – the first digital camouflage system, which was then used for the United States MARPAT (1996) *

G-suit A g-suit, or anti-''g'' suit, is a flight suit worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration force ( g). It is designed to prevent a black-out and g-LOC (g-induced loss of consciousness) caused by the blood pool ...

(or anti-gravity suit) – a suit for high-altitude jet pilots invented by

Wilbur R. Franks Wilbur Rounding Franks, OBE (4 March 1901 – 4 January 1986) was a Canadian scientist, notable as the inventor of the ''anti-gravity suit'' or G-suit, and for his work in cancer research. Career He was born in Weston, Ontario and was a me ...

in 1941 *

Defendo Defendo is a Canadian martial art and a self defence system created in 1945 for Law enforcement agency, law enforcement structures by Bill Underwood. Underwood had created Combato in 1910, a "non-boxing or wrestling" unarmed combat system which ...

– a Canadian martial art * Gunstock war club – an indigenous weapon used by many

First Nations in Canada First Nations (french: Premières Nations) is a term used to identify those Indigenous Canadian peoples who are neither Inuit nor Métis. Traditionally, First Nations in Canada were peoples who lived south of the tree line, and mainly south ...

Gas mask A gas mask is a mask used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Most gas mask ...

– the first widely used military gas mask was introduced by

Cluny Macpherson Ewen MacPherson of Cluny, also known as "Cluny Macpherson" (11 February 1706 – 30 January 1764), was the Chief of Clan MacPherson during the Jacobite Rising of 1745. He took part as a leading supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. After t ...

in 1915 *

Sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

– invented by Reginald Fessenden * Stealth snowmobile – in 2011 the

Canadian Armed Forces } The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; french: Forces armées canadiennes, ''FAC'') are the unified military forces of Canada, including sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force. ...

announced the development by Canadian-based company CrossChasm Technologies * Tomahawk – traditional Canadian war instrument created by the

Algonquian peoples The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups. Historically, the peoples were prominent along the Atlantic Coast and into the interior along the Saint Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes. T ...

Domestic life and fashion

* Alkaline battery – invented by Lewis Urry in 1954 * Amauti – an

Inuit Inuit (; iu, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ 'the people', singular: Inuk, , dual: Inuuk, ) are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic and subarctic regions of Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories ...

woman's parka from Canada's eastern Arctic used to carry (pack) children * Bi-pin connector – invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1893 * Bottle return programsbr>
�� programs where alcoholic bottles are returned from consumers in exchange for money * Capote (garment), Capote – worn by the inhabitants of New France to protect from the harsh winters * Ceinture fléchée – one of many pieces of Canadian clothing listed * The first coloured

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order t ...

s used in circulation * Easy-Off – an

oven cleaner Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. Purposes of cleaning agents include health, beauty, removing ...

invented by Herbert McCool in Regina in 1932 * Egg carton – invented by Joseph Coyle of

Smithers, British Columbia Smithers is a town in northwestern British Columbia, approximately halfway between Prince George and Prince Rupert. With a population of 5,351 in 2016, Smithers provides service coverage for most of the Bulkley Valley. History Region First Nation ...

, in 1911 * Electric cooking range – invented by

Thomas Ahearn Thomas Ahearn, PC (June 24, 1855 – June 28, 1938) was a Canadian inventor and businessman. Ahearn, a native of Ottawa, Ontario, was instrumental in the success of a vast streetcar system that was once in Ottawa, the Ottawa Electric Railw ...

in 1882 *

Garbage bag A bin bag, rubbish bag (British English), garbage bag, bin liner, trash bag (American English) or refuse sack is a disposable bag used to contain solid waste. Such bags are useful to line the insides of waste containers to prevent the insides ...

– invented by Harry Wasylyk in 1950 * Green ink – invented by American Thomas Sterry Hunt in 1862 while teaching at Université Laval; used for various U.S. banknotes *

Igloo An igloo (Inuit languages: , Inuktitut syllabics (plural: )), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow. Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only b ...

s – a type of shelter from the Arctic *

Incandescent light bulb An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxida ...

– invented in 1874 by Henry Woodward, who sold the patent to

Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventio ...

* Jolly Jumper – a

baby jumper A baby jumper is a device that can be used by infants to exercise and play in. The original baby jumper consists of a hoop suspended by an elastic strap. More elaborate baby jumpers have a base made of hard plastic sitting in a frame and a suspended ...

invented by

Olivia Poole Susan Olivia Poole (1889–1975) was an Indigenous Canadian inventor. She invented the Jolly Jumper, a baby jumper, in 1910, but it was not until 1948 that they were produced for the retail market. They are manufactured in Ontario, Canada. By 19 ...

in 1959 *

Kerosene Kerosene, paraffin, or lamp oil is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in aviation as well as households. Its name derives from el, κηρός (''keros'') meaning "wax", and was regi ...

– discovered in the 1840s by Abraham Gesner *

Lawn sprinkler An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate (water) agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. They are also used for cooling and for the control of airbo ...

– invented by

Elijah McCoy Elijah J. McCoy (May 2, 1844 – October 10, 1929) was a Canadian-American engineer of African-American descent who invented lubrication systems for steam engines. Born free on the Ontario shore of Lake Erie to parents who fled enslavem ...

LongPen The LongPen is a remote signing device conceived of by writer Margaret Atwood in 2004 and debuted in 2006. It allows a person to remotely write in ink anywhere in the world via tablet PC and the Internet and a robotic hand. It also supports an audi ...

– invented by

Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, teacher, environmental activist, and inventor. Since 1961, she has published 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 books of non-fiction, nin ...

* Parka – invented by the

in the Arctic to protect the wearer from the cold * Plexiglas – made practical by William Chalmers' invention for creating

methyl methacrylate Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA ...

, while a graduate student at McGill University in 1931 * Snow goggles – used by

to prevent snow blindness in the

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

due to the glare from snow and ice and were made typically from ivory, bone or other materials * Snowshoes – perfected by First Nations to traverse through deep snow more effectively *

Wonderbra The Wonderbra is a type of push-up underwire brassiere that gained worldwide prominence in the 1990s. Although the Wonderbra name was first trademarked in the U.S. in 1955, the brand was developed in Canada. Moses (Moe) Nadler, founder and major ...

Model 1300 (aka Dream Lift) – the modern plunged-style

push-up bra There are a great many brassiere designs that are suitable for a wide variety of business and social settings and suitable to wear with a variety of outer clothing. The bra's shape, coverage, functionality, fit, fashion, fabric, and colour can ...

, designed by Louise Poirier in 1964. Though the term ''Wonder-Bra'' was coined by an American named Israel Pilot in 1935, the brand itself was popularized by Canadian Moses Nadler, who licensed (and later won) the Wonderbra patent from Pilot. Nadler made his first Wonderbra in 1939 at his Montreal-based Canadian Lady Corset Company, and directed Poirier, his employee, to design the Model 1300 bra

Science and medicine

* A process for producing calcium carbide for

acetylene Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure ...

was invented by

Thomas Willson Thomas Leopold "Carbide" Willson (March 14, 1860 – December 20, 1915) was a Canadian inventor. He was born on a farm near Princeton, Ontario, in 1860 and went to school in Hamilton, Ontario. By the age of 21, he had designed and patented t ...

in 1892 *

Artificial cardiac pacemaker An artificial cardiac pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural cardiac pacemaker) or pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of the heart ei ...

– invented by

John Alexander Hopps John Alexander Hopps, (May 21, 1919 – November 24, 1998) was a co-developer of both the first artificial pacemaker and the first combined pacemaker-defibrillator, and was the founder of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (C ...

in 1950/1951 *A process to extract

bromine Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest element in group 17 of the periodic table (halogens) and is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a simila ...

was invented by Herbert Henry Dow in 1890 * CPR mannequin – invented by Dianne Croteau in 1989 *

Ebola vaccine Ebola vaccines are vaccines either approved or in development to prevent Ebola. As of 2022, there are only vaccines against the Zaire ebolavirus. The first vaccine to be approved in the United States was rVSV-ZEBOV in December 2019. It had been ...

– discovered by researchers at the federal Public Health Agency of Canada in 2014 * The first practical

electron microscope An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

was built by James Hillier and Arthur Prebus in 1939 * Explosives vapour detector EVD-1 – invented by Dr. Lorne Elias in 1985 * Finite element method, a method for numerically solving differential equations, invented by

Alexander Hrennikoff Alexander Pavlovich Hrennikoff (russian: Александр Павлович Хренников; 11 November 1896 — 31 December 1984) was a Russian-Canadians, Canadian structural engineer, a founder of the Finite Element Method. Biography Alexa ...

* Forensic pathology in policing – introduced by Dr.

Frances Gertrude McGill Frances Gertrude McGill (November 18, 1882 – January 21, 1959) was a Canadian forensic pathologist, criminologist, bacteriologist, allergologist and allergist. Nicknamed "the Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and pu ...

(1877–1959) *

Insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

– the process for extracting medicinal insulin was invented by

Frederick Banting Sir Frederick Grant Banting (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter, and Nobel laureate noted as the co-discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic potential. In 1923, Banting and J ...

, Charles Best, and

James Collip James Bertram Collip (November 20, 1892 – June 19, 1965) was a Canadian biochemist who was part of the Toronto group which isolated insulin. He served as the Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at McGill University from 1928–1941 an ...

(1922) *

Medium 199 Medium may refer to: Science and technology Aviation *Medium bomber, a class of war plane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Communication * Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data * Medium of ...

– the world's first purely synthetic

nutrient medium A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss ''Physcomitrella patens''. Different ...

for growing cells, discovered in 1945 by Dr. Raymond Parker of

Connaught Laboratories The Connaught Medical Research Laboratories was a non-commercial public health entity established by Dr. John G. FitzGerald in 1914 in Toronto to produce the diphtheria antitoxin. Contemporaneously, the institution was likened to the Pasteur Inst ...

at the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...

. Dr. Parker's achievement had a key role in the discovery of the polio vaccine *

Montreal procedure Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-pea ...

– a treatment for severe

epilepsy Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking due to abnormal electrical ...

invented by Wilder Penfield at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital in 1930, allowing patients to remain awake and describe their reactions while the surgeon stimulates different areas of the brain * NeisVac‑C – a

conjugate vaccine A conjugate vaccine is a type of subunit vaccine which combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier so that the immune system has a stronger response to the weak antigen. Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by invoking an immune ...

developed in 1982 by Harold Jennings and his Ottawa-based team for immunizing against Group C

meningococcal meningitis Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium ''Neisseria meningitidis'' (also termed meningococcus). It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccine-preventable. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can a ...

Oil Red O Oil Red O (Solvent Red 27, Sudan Red 5B, C.I. 26125, C26H24N4O) is a lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) diazo dye used for staining of neutral triglycerides and lipids on frozen sections and some lipoproteins on paraffin sections. It has the appearance o ...

– a forensic technique discovered by

Alexandre Beaudoin Alexandre Beaudoin (born February 16, 1978) is a Quebec fingerprint scientist known for inventing a technique for developing latent fingerprints on dry and/or wet porous surfaces (such as paper and cardboard). Biography Alexandre Beaudoin was b ...

in 2004 * Palm n’ Turn –

child-proof container Child-resistant packaging or CR packaging is special packaging used to reduce the risk of children ingesting hazardous materials. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, o ...

technology developed by Dr.

Henri Breault Henri J. Breault (4 March 1909 – 9 October 1983) was a Canadian medical doctor and medical researcher who was instrumental in the creation of the first child-proof container. Born in Tecumseh, Ontario, Breault graduated from the University of ...

in 1967 *

Radon Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colourless, odourless, tasteless noble gas. It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through ...

– the fifth radioactive element to be discovered, in 1899 by Ernest Rutherford and Robert B. Owens at

: "The radiation from thorium oxide was not constant, but varied in a most capricious manner", whereas "All the compounds of Uranium give out a radiation which is remarkably constant." * Synthetic sucrose – invented by Dr.

Raymond Lemieux Raymond Urgel Lemieux, Order of Canada, CC, Alberta Order of Excellence, AOE, Royal Society, FRS (June 16, 1920 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadians, Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered many discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and ...

in 1953 * UV-degradable plastic – by Dr. James Guillet in 1971 * Weevac 6 – a stretcher for babies invented by Wendy Murphy in 1985

Sport, music, and entertainment

Ours nageant (Musée du quai Branly) (3034045389)

Abdominizer The Abdominizer (often spelled Abdomenizer) was an abdominal exerciser invented in 1984 by Canadian chiropractor Dennis Colonello and marketed through infomercials abdominal exercise Abdominal exercises are a type of strength exercise that affect the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or "abs"). Human abdominal consist of four muscles which are the rectus abdomens, internal oblique, external oblique, a ...

r invented by Dennis Colonello in 1984 *

Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...

– invented by James Naismith in 1891 *

Birchbark biting Birchbark biting (Ojibwe: Mazinibaganjigan, plural: mazinibaganjiganan) is an Indigenous artform made by Anishinaabeg, including Ojibwe people,Indigenous Perspectives of North America: A Collection of Studies'. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 20 Aug ...

– an Indigenous artform made by

Anishinaabe The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...

Baseball Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding tea ...

– one of the first ever recorded baseball type game in Canada was played in Beachville,

on 4 June 1838 * Contrabass bugle – first produced by the Whaley Royce Company, it is the lowest-pitched brass instrument in the drum and bugle corps and marching band hornline * Crokinole – a disk-flicking dexterity board game possibly invented by Eckhardt Wettlaufer who produced the first board in 1875 *

DigiSync DigiSync is a hardware device developed by Filmlab Systems International to allow negative cutters, telecine Telecine ( or ) is the process of transferring film into video and is performed in a color suite. The term is also used to refer to t ...

– a barcode reader used in motion picture production that was invented by Mike Lazaridis; it won an

Emmy The Emmy Awards, or Emmys, are an extensive range of awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international television industry. A number of annual Emmy Award ceremonies are held throughout the calendar year, each with the ...

in 1994 and

Academy Award for Technical Achievement The Technical Achievement Award is one of three Scientific and Technical Awards given from time to time by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. (The other two awards are the Scientific and Engineering Award and the Academy Award of Me ...

in 1998 * Electronic sackbut – invented by Hugh Le Caine in 1945 as a precursor to voltage-controlled synthesizers * Five-pin bowling – invented by Thomas F. Ryan in Toronto in 1909 * Goalie mask – invented by Jacques Plante in 1959 *

Ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hock ...

– invented in 19th century Canada * Instant replay – invented for CBC's ''

Hockey Night in Canada CBC Television has aired National Hockey League (NHL) broadcasts under the ''Hockey Night in Canada'' (often abbreviated ''Hockey Night'' or ''HNiC'') brand that is primarily associated with its Saturday night NHL broadcasts throughout its hi ...

'' in 1955 *

Inuit art Inuit art, also known as Eskimo art, refers to artwork produced by Inuit, that is, the people of the Arctic previously known as Eskimos, a term that is now often considered offensive. Historically, their preferred medium was walrus ivory, but s ...

– art created by

* Jockstrap hard cup – added to the existing jockstrap undergarment by Guelph Elastic Hosiery in 1927 *

Lacrosse Lacrosse is a team sport played with a lacrosse stick and a lacrosse ball. It is the oldest organized sport in North America, with its origins with the indigenous people of North America as early as the 12th century. The game was extensively ...

– codified by

William George Beers William George Beers (May 5, 1843 – December 26, 1900) was a Canadian dentist who founded Canada's first dental journal and served as the founding dean of the Dental College of the Province of Quebec. In addition, he is referred to as the "fath ...

around 1860 * Northwest Coast art – art originally created by

Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast The Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are composed of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities. They share certain beliefs, traditions and prac ...

of Canada * Pitchnut – flicking game from Canada * Ringette – invented by

Sam Jacks Sam, SAM or variants may refer to: Places * Sam, Benin * Sam, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso * Sam, Bourzanga, Burkina Faso * Sam, Kongoussi, Burkina Faso * Sam, Iran * Sam, Teton County, Idaho, United States, a populated place People and fictio ...

and

Mirl "Red" McCarthy Mirl Arthur "Red" McCarthy (March 12, 1930 – 1995), was a Canadian sportsperson, sport and recreation administrator, ice hockey player, founder and co-inventor of the sport of ringette, and for a time, a barrel jumper. Biography Born in Stu ...

in 1963 *

Robb Wave Organ The Robb Wave Organ is an electronic organ invented in 1927 by Canadian inventor F. Morse Robb in Belleville, Ontario. It uses a unique type of tone wheel synthesis to reproduce pipe organ tones and is one of the first electronic organs ever made. ...

– world's first

electric organ An electric organ, also known as electronic organ, is an electronic keyboard instrument which was derived from the harmonium, pipe organ and theatre organ. Originally designed to imitate their sound, or orchestral sounds, it has since developed ...

, invented and patented by

Morse Robb Frank Morse Robb (January 28, 1902 – October 5, 1992) was a Canadian inventor and entrepreneur who resided in Belleville, Ontario. He is best known for his invention of the first electronic tone wheel organ, the Robb Wave Organ,Brown, J. J ...

in 1928 *

Superman Superman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, and debuted in the comic book ''Action Comics'' #1 (cover-dated June 1938 and publi ...

– co-created by Canadian cartoonist Joe Shuster in 1932 *

Snocross Snocross (also snowcross) is a racing sport involving racing specialized high performance snowmobiles on natural or artificially-made tracks consisting of tight turns, banked corners, steep jumps and obstacles. Riders race at speed of up to 60 mil ...

– a racing sport involving racing specialized high performance snowmobiles *

Six String Nation Six String Nation is public art and history project conceived by Jowi Taylor and centred around a steel-string acoustic guitar built from a variety of artifacts collected by Taylor representing diverse cultures, communities, characters and eve ...

– public art and history project conceived by Jowi Taylor and centred around a steel-string acoustic guitar built from a variety of artifacts collected by Taylor representing diverse cultures, communities, characters and events from every province and territory of Canada *

Table hockey A table hockey game, also called rod hockey game, stick hockey, bubble hockey, and board hockey, is a game for two players, derived from ice hockey. The game consists of a representation of a hockey rink; the players score goals by hitting a smal ...

game – invented by Donald Munro (1930s) *

Trivial Pursuit ''Trivial Pursuit'' is a board game in which winning is determined by a player's ability to answer trivia and popular culture questions. Players move their pieces around a board, the squares they land on determining the subject of a question t ...

– invented by

Chris Haney Christopher Deane Haney (born November 19, 1968) is an American former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He pitched from 1991–2000 and in 2002 for the Montreal Expos, Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, and Boston Re ...

and

Scott Abbott Charles Scott Abbott is the co-inventor of the board game Trivial Pursuit along with Chris Haney (Trivial Pursuit), Chris Haney. Abbott is the owner of the North Bay Battalion hockey team of the Ontario Hockey League. For his work in building th ...

in 1979 * Tautirut – a bowed zither native to the

Inuit culture The Inuit are an indigenous people of the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America (parts of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland). The ancestors of the present-day Inuit are culturally related to Iñupiat (northern Alaska), and Yupik (Siberia and ...

in the

Canadian north Bradley Air Services, operating as Canadian North, is a wholly Inuit-owned airline headquartered in Kanata, Ontario, Canada. It operates scheduled passenger services to communities in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and the Nunavik region o ...

Television camera A professional video camera (often called a television camera even though its use has spread beyond television) is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images (as opposed to a movie camera, that earlier recorded the images on film). O ...

– F.C.P. Henroteau in 1934 * Qilaut – a type of frame drum that originates from the Arctic and the Inuit

Tools and manufacturing

* Automatic Lubricating Cup –

invented an

automatic lubricator An automatic lubricator is a device fitted to a steam engine to supply lubricating oil to the cylinders and, sometimes, the bearings and axle box mountings as well. There are various types of automatic lubricator, which include various desi ...

for oiling the steam engines of locomotives and ships in 1872 *

Caulking gun Caulk or, less frequently, caulking is a material used to seal joints or seams against leakage in various structures and piping. The oldest form of caulk consisted of fibrous materials driven into the wedge-shaped seams between boards on w ...

– invented by Theodore Witte in 1894 * Collerette ladder for

firefighting Firefighting is the act of extinguishing or preventing the spread of unwanted fires from threatening human lives and destroying property and the environment. A person who engages in firefighting is known as a firefighter. Firefighters typically ...

– invented by Montreal firefighter Rodrigue Colleret and demonstrated in London in 1896 * Kakivak – a leister used by Inuit for spear fishing and fishing at short range *A process for distilling

kerosene Kerosene, paraffin, or lamp oil is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in aviation as well as households. Its name derives from el, κηρός (''keros'') meaning "wax", and was regi ...

was invented by Abraham Pineo Gesner and made the fuel popular *

Paint roller A paint roller is a paint application tool used for painting large flat surfaces rapidly and efficiently. The paint roller typically consists of two parts: a "roller frame," and a "roller cover." The roller cover absorbs the paint and transfers ...

– invented by Norman James Breakey of Toronto in 1940 *

Robertson screw A Robertson screw, also known as a square screw or Scrulox, is a type of screw with a square-shaped socket in the screw head and a corresponding square protrusion on the tool. Both the tool and socket have a slight taper. Originally designed to ...

– invented by Peter L. Robertson in 1908 *

Rotary vane pump A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In some cases these vanes can have variable length and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates ...

– invented by Charles Barnes and patented in 1874 * Toggling harpoon – an Inuit tool used by

while

whale Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and ...

or seal hunting to impale the animal when thrown *

Ulu An ulu ( iu, ᐅᓗ, plural: ''uluit'', 'woman's knife') is an all-purpose knife traditionally used by Inuit, Iñupiat, Yupik, and Aleut women. It is utilized in applications as diverse as skinning and cleaning animals, cutting a child's hair, cu ...

– an all-purpose knife traditionally used by

Inuit women The Inuit are indigenous people who live in the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America (parts of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland). The ancestors of the present-day Inuit are culturally related to Iñupiat (northern Alaska) and Yupik (Sib ...

Transportation and mobility

* Air-conditioned railway coach – invented by

Henry Ruttan Henry Ruttan (June 12, 1792 – July 31, 1871) was a businessman, inventor and politician figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Adolphustown in 1792 to William Ruttan and Margaret Steele. The Ruttans were United Empire Loyalists from New Yo ...

in 1858 *

BIXI Montréal BIXI Montréal is a public bicycle sharing system serving Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Launched in May 2009 by Public Bike System Company (PBSC), it is North America's first large-scale bike sharing system and the original BIXI brand of systems. PB ...

– a public

bicycle-sharing system A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost. The programmes themselves include bot ...

launched in Montreal in 2009 *

Brunton compass A Brunton compass, properly known as the Brunton Pocket Transit, is a precision compass made by Brunton, Inc. of Riverton, Wyoming. The instrument was patented in 1894 by Canadian-born geologist David W. Brunton. Unlike most modern compasses, t ...

– patented by David W. Brunton in 1894 *

Canadarm Canadarm or Canadarm1 (officially Shuttle Remote Manipulator System or SRMS, also SSRMS) is a series of robotic arms that were used on the Space Shuttle orbiters to deploy, manoeuvre, and capture payloads. After the Space Shuttle ''Columbia' ...

– developed by staff of the Spar Aerospace (1981) *

Crash position indicator The crash position indicator (CPI) is a radio beacon designed to be ejected from an aircraft when it crashes. This helps ensure it survives the crash and any post-crash fires or sinking, allowing it to broadcast a homing signal to search and res ...

– invented by personnel of the National Research Council Canada in the 1950s * Compound steam engine for marine use – invented by Benjamin Franklin Tibbetts in 1842 *

– the

birch bark Birch bark or birchbark is the bark of several Eurasian and North American birch trees of the genus ''Betula''. The strong and water-resistant cardboard-like bark can be easily cut, bent, and sewn, which has made it a valuable building, crafti ...

canoe A canoe is a lightweight narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using a single-bladed paddle. In British English, the term ...

was developed by

* Electric car heater – invented by

in 1890 *

Electric wheelchair A motorized wheelchair, powerchair, electric wheelchair or electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) is a wheelchair that is propelled by means of an electric motor (usually using differential steering) rather than human power, manual power. Motorized wh ...

– invented by George Klein in 1952 for

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

veterans * Electrically controlled

variable-pitch propeller Variable-pitch propeller can refer to: *Variable-pitch propeller (marine) *Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics) In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long a ...

– invented by

Wallace Rupert Turnbull Wallace Rupert Turnbull (October 16, 1870 – November 24, 1954) was a Canadian engineer and inventor. The Saint John Airport was briefly named after him. He was inducted in Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame in 1977. Biography Born in Saint John, N ...

and tested at

CFB Borden Canadian Forces Base Borden (also CFB Borden, French: Base des Forces canadiennes Borden or BFC Borden), formerly RCAF Station Borden, is a large Canadian Forces base located in Ontario. The historic birthplace of the Royal Canadian Air Force, CF ...

(1927) *

Hydrofoil A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by aeroplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a hydrofoil craft gains sp ...

boat – invented by

and

Casey Baldwin Frederick Walker Baldwin (January 2, 1882 – August 7, 1948), also known as Casey Baldwin, paternal grandson of Canadian reform leader Robert Baldwin, was a hydrofoil and aviation pioneer and partner of the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell. ...

in 1908 * JACO – a robotic arm for

wheelchair A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, used when walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, problems related to old age, or disability. These can include spinal cord injuries ( paraplegia, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia), cerebr ...

s invented by Charles Deguire and Louis-Joseph Caron L'Écuyer from the Canadian technology company

Kinova Kinova is a Canadian technology company that manufactures service robotics platforms and applications for personal assistance. The company is headquartered in Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada. History In 2006, Charles Deguire and Louis-Joseph L'Écuyer ...

* The first commercial jetliner to fly in North America – designed by

James C. Floyd James Charles Floyd (born 20 October 1914) is a British-Canadian retired aeronautical engineer. He became the Avro Aircraft Ltd. (Canada) chief design engineer and his involvement, ultimately as vice-president (engineering), in the design and d ...

, the term ''jetliner'' being derived from his Avro Canada C102 Jetliner (1949) * Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle – invented by

Bruce Nodwell Bruce Nodwell, (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the ''Nodwell 110'', a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and ...

* Parclo (partial cloverleaf) interchange – developed by planners at the

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario The Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is the provincial ministry of the Government of Ontario that is responsible for transport infrastructure and related law in Ontario. The ministry traces its roots back over a century to the 1890s, when the pro ...

() * Quasiturbine – invented in 1996 * Road lines – invented by John D. Millar, an engineer for the Ontario Department of Transport. The world's first road lines were subsequently painted on a stretch of highway between

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

and

in 1930 * Screw-propeller – invented by John Patch in 1833 * Separable baggage check – invented by John Michael Lyons in 1882 * Snowmobile – invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier (1937) * TM4 MФTIVE – a lightweight magnet electric motor invented by in 1982 *

Uno dicycle The Uno is a novel self-balancing electric motorcycle using two wheels side by side (the configuration used by dicycles). The Uno III adds a third wheel that allows it to transform into a tricycle. Description The original Uno is controlled in ...

– invented by Ben Gulak while still a teenager in 2006 * Wheelchair-accessible bus – invented by

Walter Harris Callow Walter Harris Callow (1896–1958) was a Canadian veteran who invented the accessibility bus for veterans returning from WW2 and others in wheelchairs (1947). He designed and managed the Walter Callow Wheelchair Bus, while he himself was blind, ...

in 1947 * Variable-pitch aircraft propeller –

of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada is credited in Canada for creating the first variable pitch propeller in 1918 *

ZENN ZENN (''Zero Emission, No Noise'') is a two-seat battery electric vehicle that was produced by the ZENN Motor Company of Canada from 2006 to 2010, designed to qualify as a neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV). It had a range of up to and was sp ...

– a two-seat

battery electric vehicle A battery electric vehicle (BEV), pure electric vehicle, only-electric vehicle, fully electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that exclusively uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, wi ...

that was produced by the ZENN Motor Company of Canada from 2006 to 2010

Animal breeds

Canadian Eskimo Dog The Canadian Eskimo Dog or Canadian Inuit Dog is a breed of working dog from the Arctic. Other names include ''qimmiq''Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

Canadienne cattle Canadienne cattle, also known as Black Canadienne, French Canadienne, and Black Jersey, are the only breed of dairy cattle developed in Canada. They originated in the 16th century, when French settlers brought cattle over for foundation stock to ...

– the only breed of dairy cattle developed in Canada * Cymric cat – The Cymric is a muscular, compact, medium-to-large cat that weighs between , and Canada claims to have developed the long-haired variant * Canadian Arcott – a breed of domestic sheep native to Canada *

Newfoundland dog The Newfoundland is a large working dog. They can be black, brown, or black and white. However, in the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it became part of the confederation of Canada, only black and Landseer (white-and-black) coloured dogs were ...

– an unnamed Newfoundland is famous for saving

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

from drowning * Canadian horse – a breed of horse that is powerful, well-muscled, and typically dark in colour * Chantecler chicken – a breed of chicken originating at Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac (Oka, Quebec), Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac, Oka, Quebec, Oka,

* Hare Indian Dog – an extinct domesticated canine; possibly a breed of domestic dog, coydog, or domesticated coyote; formerly found and originally bred in northern Canada by the Sahtu (Hare Indians) for coursing Agawate

* Lac La Croix Indian Pony – also known as the Ojibwe pony (''bebezhigooganzhii'', ''mishdatim'') is a semi-feral Canadian horse breed developed by the Ojibwe * Landseer dog – canine breed, the Landseer was developed in Canada and in continental Europe, a black and white variant of the Newfoundland is acknowledged as a distinct breed * Lacombe pig – breed of swine from Alberta * Labrador Retriever – breed of dog developed in the United Kingdom from St. John's water dogs imported from the Newfoundland colony, colony of Newfoundland * Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever – a hunting-focused medium-sized Gun dog, gundog breed * Newfoundland sheep – a breed of sheep native to Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland * Red Shaver – a sex-related breed of chicken called the Red Shaver was created in Canada * Speckle Park – a modern Canadian breed of beef cattle * Sphynx cat – cats of the Canadian Sphynx breed are distinguished by their lack of fur * St. John's water dog – an extinct Landrace#Dogs, landrace of domestic dog from Newfoundland * Tahltan Bear Dog – a breed of dog that came to Canada in early migrations and acclimatised to the environment * Tonkinese cat – Tonkinese cats are intelligent, loud, lively, and typically people-oriented

Holidays and events

* Canada Day – celebrated nationwide 1 July annually, marks Canada's 1867 Confederation and establishment of dominion status, * Civic Holiday – is a Public holidays in Canada, public holiday in Canada celebrated on the first Monday in August * Family Day (Canada), Family Day – In most Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces of Canada, the third Monday in February is observed as a Public holidays in Canada#Provincial and territorial holidays, regional statutory holiday * National Day for Truth and Reconciliation – is a Canadian holiday to recognize the legacy of the Canadian Indian residential school system * Nunavut Day – 9 July, originated as a paid holiday for Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated and regional

associations. It became a half-day holiday for government employees in 1999 and a full day in 2001. Most employers give the day off with the notable exceptions being the federal government and the North West Company * Ramp ceremonies, Ramp Ceremonies – a popular military tradition that started in the 2000s when bringing the nations fallen soldiers home * Thanksgiving (Canada), Thanksgiving – First celebrated in 1578 in what is now Nunavut * Victoria Day – is a federal Public holidays in Canada, Canadian public holiday celebrated on the last Monday preceding May 25 to honour Queen Victoria

References

External links and further reading

*
Top 100 Inventions Made in Canada
" ''ThoughtCo''
Canadian invented words & terms
* Roy Mayer, ''Inventing Canada: 100 Years of Innovation'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Canadian inventions and discoveries Canadian inventions, Lists of inventions or discoveries, Canadian Canada history-related lists, Inventions and discoveries

Inventions and improvements

Agriculture, food and beverage

Computing, film, and animation

Communications

Climate-related

Defence

Domestic life and fashion

Science and medicine

Sport, music, and entertainment

Tools and manufacturing

Transportation and mobility

Animal breeds

Holidays and events

See also

References

External links and further reading