Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) is a centre-left Indian political party with political presence mainly in Bihar and Jharkhand.[4] The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lokshakti Party and the Samta Party on 30 October 2003. Janata Dal (United)'s party mentor and patron is the veteran socialist leader George Fernandes.[5] JD(U) is currently a part of BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

Contents

1 History

1.1 Formation 1.2 In NDA 1.3 Out of NDA 1.4 The Mahagathbandhan (grand alliance) 1.5 Alliance with NDA

2 Prominent Members 3 List of Chief Ministers 4 References 5 External links

History[edit] Formation[edit] The Janata Dal (United)'s origins go back to before the 1999 General Election. A faction led by then Chief Minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel had lent support to the National Democratic Alliance, leading to the split in the Janata Dal leading to the formation of Janata Dal (Secular) under H. D. Deve Gowda, who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under Sharad Yadav. The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lokshakti Party and the Samata Party.[6] On 30 October 2003, the Samata Party led by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar merged with the Janata Dal. The merged entity was called Janata Dal (United) with the arrow symbol of Janata Dal (United) and the green and white flag of the Samata Party.[5] The uniting force is believed to be common opposition to Rashtriya Janata Dal in Bihar especially after the RJD welcomed Samata Party rebels like Raghunath Jha into the party. In NDA[edit] JD(U) joined NDA and along with its alliance partner, the BJP defeated the RJD-led UPA government in Bihar in November 2005. New government was headed by JD(U) leader, Nitish Kumar and NDA continued to govern state. The alliance contested Indian general election, 2009 and won 32 seats. BJP won 12 while JD(U) won 20.[7] JD(U) won 115 and BJP won 91 seats in Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2010. Thus together holding 206 seats in 243 member Bihar Legislative Assembly. Out of NDA[edit] JD(U) broke its 17 years old alliance with the BJP in Bihar in protest against the elevation of Narendra Modi as a head of the election campaign committee of BJP for Indian general election, 2014. JD(U) President Sharad Yadav and then Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar announced their end of coalition at a press conference on 16 June 2013, exactly a week after Narendra Modi was made the BJP's campaign committee chairman, who was later made the prime ministerial candidate of NDA. Just after this split, Sharad Yadav relinquished his position as the NDA convenor. The JD(U) contested the election in Bihar in an alliance with the Communist Party of India but they won only two seats out of total forty seats of Bihar while the BJP-LJP alliance won 31 seats.[7][8][9] Following poor performance in election, Nitish Kumar resigned as Chief Minister of Bihar and Jitan Ram Manjhi sworn in as a new Chief Minister. When the trust vote was demanded by the BJP to prove majority in Bihar Legislative Assembly, the RJD supported the JD(U) in the assembly on 23 May 2014 to pass the majority mark.[10] The Mahagathbandhan (grand alliance)[edit] On 29 December 2014, Kerala-based Socialist Janata (Democratic) merged with the JD(U) with its leader M.P. Veerendra Kumar accepting the party flag from JD(U) leader Nitish Kumar. This was an important milestone in bringing a pan-Indian appeal to the JD(U which is largely limited to the state of Bihar. [11] On 14 April 2015, the JD(U), Janata Dal (Secular), Rashtriya Janata Dal, the Indian National Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar alliance in order to oppose the BJP, thus leaving the UPA but this could not happen for some reasons and then the Samajwadi party was offered 3 seats out of 243 assembly seats in Bihar elections which caused it to leave the alliance and fight separately.[12] On 9 May, MLA Jitan Ram Manjhi was expelled from the JD(U) and founded the Hindustani Awam Morcha along with 17 other dissent JD(U) MLAs.[13] In the Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015 JD(U) contested the election in an alliance with the RJD and Congress. It won 71 seats out of the 101 seats it contested and the alliance won 178 seats out the 243 seats in the assembly. Subsequently, Nitish Kumar again became the Chief Minister of Bihar. In the biennial elections to the Rajya Sabha held in March 2016, the ruling UDF of Kerala state gave one seat to JD(U) Kerala State Unit President M.P. Veerendra Kumar. In spite of having just 2 MLAs in the Legislative Assembly, the Congress gave a berth to its ally.[14] Alliance with NDA[edit] On 26 July 2017 5 PM, Nitish Kumar tendered his resignation as CM of Bihar, ending 20 month old Mahgathbandhan (grand alliance) rule. Next day on 27 July 2017 10 AM he again took oath as CM of Bihar with the support of BJP. Same day evening, Kerala JD(U) chief MP Veerendra Kumar announced the split of Kerala unit of the JD(U) from the party, due to Nitish Kumar led Bihar unit joined hands with the BJP.[15] On 28 July 2017, new NDA government won trust vote in Bihar assembly by 131 votes in favour and 108 against, four legislators did not vote.[16] Prominent Members[edit]

Nitish Kumar, President of Janata Dal (United) & Chief Minister of Bihar.[17] K.C. Tyagi, Secretary General & National Spokesperson.[18][19] Vijay Kumar Chaudhary, Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly, Former Bihar JD(U) President, Former Leader of JD(U) Legislature Party, .[20] Ramchandra Prasad Singh, National General Secretary (Organization), Party leader in Rajya Sabha.[21] Bashistha Narain Singh, Bihar JD(U) President, Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha.[22] Rajiv Ranjan Singh, Minister for Water Resources, Government of Bihar, Former Bihar JD(U) President.[23]

List of Chief Ministers[edit]

Nitish Kumar:

First term: 3 March 2000 to 10 March 2000 Second term: 24 November 2005 to 26 November 2010 Third term: 26 November 2010 to 20 May 2014 Fourth term: 22 February 2015 to 20 November 2015 Fifth term: 20 November 2015 to 26 july 2017 Sixth term: 27 July 2017 to present

Jitan Ram Manjhi (former member):

First term: 20 May 2014 to 22 February 2015

References[edit]

^ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.  ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajya-sabha-elections-2018-kerala-candidates-list-seats-dates-results-all-you-need-to-know-5108128/ ^ "Members: Lok Sabha". loksabha.nic.in. Lok Sabha Secretariat. Retrieved 14 March 2018.  ^ About Janta Dal United (JDU). "Janta Dal United (JD(U)) – Party History, Symbol, Founders, Election Results and News". Elections.in. Retrieved 2017-03-12.  ^ a b Parsai, Gargi (31 October 2003). "Fernandes to head Janata Dal (United)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.  ^ Menon, Paravathi (23 April 2004). "Janata Parivar's home base". Frontline Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2012.  ^ a b Vaibhav, Aditya (2014-05-17). "Election results 2014: JD(U), RJD decimated in Bihar". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 2014-05-30.  ^ "General Election to Loksabha Trend and Result 2014". Election Commission of India. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.  ^ "JD(U) severs ties with BJP on Modi issue". The Hindu. 16 June 2013.  ^ "Lalu Yadav's Party to Support Nitish Kumar's JD (U) In Bihar Floor Test". NDTV. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.  ^ "Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala". indiatoday.in. 29 December 2014.  ^ "'Janata Parivar' formalised, Mulayam Singh named chief of new party". Zee News. 15 April 2015.  ^ "Manjhi launches HAM as new political party". The Times of India. TNN. 9 May 2015.  ^ "Congress, JD(U) to share Rajya Sabha seats; Antony may be renominated". The Hindu. 26 February 2016.  ^ Staff, Scroll (27 July 2017). "'Will fight fascist forces': Kerala JD(U) splits from party after Nitish Kumar allies with the BJP". Scroll.in. Retrieved 28 July 2017.  ^ "Bihar Assembly trust vote LIVE updates: CM Nitish Kumar wins floor test with 131 votes". The Indian Express. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.  ^ "Nitish Kumar is new JD(U) chief". The Hindu. 10 April 2016.  ^ [1] ^ "Rajya Sabha: Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees". 164.100.47.5. Retrieved 2017-03-12.  ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nitish-confidante-vijay-chaudhary-is-new-bihar-speaker/1/536704.html.  Missing or empty title= (help) ^ http://www.rediff.com/news/report/bihar-polls-meet-the-backroom-boys-in-the-battle-for-bihar/20150922.htm.  Missing or empty title= (help) ^ http://www.ndtv.com/patna-news/unopposed-bashishtha-narayan-singh-re-elected-jd-u-bihar-unit-president-1466277.  Missing or empty title= (help) ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/nitish-kumarss-team-7-masters-9-grads-and-12-who-went-to-school/.  Missing or empty title= (help)

External links[edit]

Official website

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National Democratic Alliance

Members

National Party

Bharatiya Janata Party

State Parties

All India N.R. Congress All Jharkhand Students Union Asom Gana Parishad Bodoland People's Front Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Janata Dal (United) Lok Janshakti Party Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Naga People's Front National People's Party Pattali Makkal Katchi People's Party of Arunachal Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Shiromani Akali Dal Shiv Sena Sikkim Democratic Front Telugu Desam Party United Democratic Party

Registered Unrecognised Parties

Apna Dal (Sonelal) Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Goa Vikas Party Hill State People's Democratic Party Hindustani Awam Morcha Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi Indigenous People's Front of Tripura Jana Sena Party Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy Kamtapur People's Party Kerala Congress (Nationalist) Kerala Congress (Thomas) Kerala Vikas Congress Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi Manipur Democratic Peoples Front Manipur Peoples Party Mizo National Front New Justice Party Praja Socialist Party Pravasi Nivasi Party Puthiya Needhi Katchi Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Republican Party of India (Athavale) Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) Swabhimani Paksha

Member fronts

North-East Regional Political Front United Democratic Front North-East Democratic Alliance

Member Organisation(s)

Shiv Sangram

Leaders

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Lal Krishna Advani Murli Manohar Joshi Narendra Modi Amit Shah Rajnath Singh Arun Jaitley Sushma Swaraj Manohar Parrikar Uddhav Thackeray Prakash Singh Badal Shivraj Singh Chouhan Raman Singh N. Chandrababu Naidu Nitish Kumar Mehbooba Mufti Bimal Gurung N. Rangaswamy Ramdas Athawale Pawan Kumar Chamling Pema Khandu

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Political parties in India

Current national coalitions

National Democratic Alliance United Progressive Alliance Third Front Janata Parivar

Former national coalitions

Janata Party National Front United Front

Recognised national parties

All India Trinamool Congress Bahujan Samaj Party Bharatiya Janata Party Communist Party of India Communist Party of India (Marxist) Indian National Congress Nationalist Congress Party

Recognised state parties

Aam Aadmi Party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam All India Forward Bloc All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen All India United Democratic Front Asom Gana Parishad Biju Janata Dal Bodoland People's Front Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Indian National Lok Dal Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Janata Dal (Secular) Janata Dal (United) Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party Kerala Congress Kerala Congress (Mani) Lok Jan Shakti Party Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Manipur Peoples Party Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Meghalaya Democratic Party Mizo National Front Mizoram People's Conference Muslim League Kerala State Committee Naga People's Front National People's Party N.R. Congress Pattali Makkal Katchi People's Party of Punjab Rashtriya Janata Dal Rashtriya Lok Dal Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Revolutionary Socialist Party Samajwadi Party Shiromani Akali Dal Shiv Sena Sikkim Democratic Front Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telugu Desam Party United Democratic Party Uttarakhand Kranti Dal YSR Congress Party Mahan Dal Zoram Nationalist Party

Other parties in parliament

Apna Dal (Sonelal) Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi Jan Adhikar Party Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) Swabhimani Paksha Swatantra Bharat Paksh

Unrecognised parties or parties with limited presence

Apna Dal All India Muslim Forum Arunachal Congress Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Bharatiya Awam Party Chhattisgarh Janata Congress Communist Marxist Party Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra) Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Hindu Sena Hindustani Awam Morcha Indian Federal Democratic Party Indian National Congress (Socialist) Indian National League Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra Jana Sena Party Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy Jharkhand Party Karnataka Janata Paksha Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) Kerala Congress (Jacob) Kerala Congress (Secular) Kerala People's Party Kongunadu Munnetra Peravai Lok Satta Party Naam Tamilar Katchi People's Guardian Peoples Republican Party Peoples’ Resurgence and Justice Alliance Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi Pragatisheel Indira Congress Professionals Party of India Puthiya Tamilagam Puducherry Munnetra Congress Republican Party of India (Gavai) Republican Party of India (Athvale) Republican Party of India (Kamble) Republican Party of India (Democratic) Republican Party of India (Khobragade) Revolutionary Socialist Party (Baby John) Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi United Goans Democratic Party Welfare Party of India

Former political parties

Janata Dal Justice Party Praja Socialist Party Swatantra Party

Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of India

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Janata Parivar parties

Parties in the proposed Third Front (Janata Parivar)

Rashtriya Janata Dal Janata Dal (Secular) Indian National Lok Dal Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

Parties in the National Democratic Alliance

Janata Dal (United) Lok Janshakti Party Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) Samta Party Socialist Janata Dal

Parties in the United Progressive Alliance

Rashtriya Lok Dal

Others

Biju Janata Dal Samajwadi Party Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik Samras Samaj Party