A sunlit beauty white horse(16158640808)

This is a basic glossary of equestrian terms that includes both technical terminology and

jargon Jargon is the specialized terminology associated with a particular field or area of activity. Jargon is normally employed in a particular communicative context and may not be well understood outside that context. The context is usually a partic ...

developed over the centuries for

horse The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million yea ...

s and other

equidae Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, asses, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus '' Equus'', ...

, as well as various horse-related concepts. Where noted, some terms are used only in

American English American English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and in most circumstances i ...

(US), only in

British English British English (BrE, en-GB, or BE) is, according to Lexico, Oxford Dictionaries, "English language, English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere". More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the English language in ...

(UK), or are regional to a particular part of the world, such as Australia (AU).

A

B

;balk, balking (US, UK) or baulking (UK) :When a horse refuses to move.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 37 Multiple causes, including disobedience, fright, and pain or injury. See also ''napping'' and "jib" ;

barefoot Barefoot is the state of not wearing any footwear. There are health benefits and some risks associated with going barefoot. Shoes, while they offer protection, can limit the flexibility, strength, and mobility of the foot and can lead to h ...

, unshod :When a horse does not wear horseshoes.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 40 ;

bearing rein A bearing rein, known today as an overcheck or a checkrein, is a piece of horse tack that runs from a point on the horse's back, over the head, to a bit. It is used to prevent the horse from lowering its head beyond a fixed point. A variation ...

, overcheck or checkrein #A strap running from a horse's back, over the head, to a bit, to prevent the horse from lowering its head beyond a fixed point. Used with harnessed horses.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 100 #A

riding aid Riding is a homonym of two distinct English words: From the word ride * In equestrianism, riding a horse * Riding animal, animal bred or trained for riding * Riding hall, building designed for indoor horse riding From Old English ''*þriðing'' * ...

where the rein is applied to the horse's neck on the side towards the turn. Opposite of a neck rein.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 19 ; bell boot :A type of protective boot worn by a horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 20 ;billet (US), girth strap, girth point (UK) :A leather strap with punched holes, permanently attached in sets of two or three on each side of the tree of a saddle, used to hold and adjust the girth that holds on most types of saddle. See also ''latigo''. SilverBit2

;

bit The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represente ...

:An object, usually a metal bar, placed into the mouth of a horse, held on by a bridle and used with reins to direct and guide the animal. Occasionally made of other materials, including rubber.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 52 May be solid or jointed and may have rollers or other attachments added, usually in the center.Price, et al. ''Whole Horse Catalog'' pp. 149–156 ;black type :Bold-face type used in advertisements and sales catalogues to distinguish horses that have won or placed in an approved stake race. Winners receive upper case black type; second and third placed finishers have lower case black type. ;bloodhorse, blood :A purebred Thoroughbred or Arabian. ;blowing, blow :A sound made by a horse by sharply exhaling through flared nostrils. The blowing sound is not as long or loud as a snort, and may be produced with the head lowered. Most of a sound energy is below 3 kHz and most are audible within 30 metres. Horses may blow when curious, meeting another horse, shying or working.Waring ''Horse Behavior'' p. 199 The term is also used when a working horse allowed to pause and catch its breath, or "let him (or her) blow". ;blue hen :A mare who consistently produces high-quality foals, many of whom go on to become champions. Commonly used in reference to horse racing breeding where mares may be awarded honors such as the Kentucky Broodmare of the Year. ; bolting #When a horse suddenly runs away, with or without a rider.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 60 #When a horse eats its feed too rapidly.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 26 ;bone A term of art in equine conformation to describe the quality of certain skeletal structures. #"Good" or "poor" bone: technical terminology referencing the size and density of bone of the lower leg, which helps determine the weight carrying ability of a horse. #The characteristics of the lower leg as a whole, including the cannon bone as well as associated tendons and ligaments. "Flat" bone describes a positive feature where the tendons of the leg stand well away from the cannon bone, "tied-in" bone describes the negative characteristic of the tendon placed too close to the bone.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 98 ;

botfly Botflies, also known as warble flies, heel flies, and gadflies, are a family of flies known as the Oestridae. Their larvae are internal parasites of mammals, some species growing in the host's flesh and others within the gut. '' Dermatobia hom ...

, bot :A parasitic fly that lays its eggs on the legs, muzzle, and jaw of horses. The eggs are licked off by the horse and once ingested, hatch into maggots, called ''bots'', which infest the animal by attaching to the stomach lining. The eggs may be scraped off with a bot knife or similar tool.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 27 ;

bowed tendon Tendinitis/tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, often involving torn collagen fibers. A bowed tendon is a horseman's term for a tendon after a horse has sustained an injury that causes swelling in one or more tendons creating a "bowed" appearan ...

: An enlarged tendon along the cannon bones, often resulting from heavy work.Ensminger ''Horses and Horsemanship'' p. 413 ;box stall (US) :See ''loose box'' ;boxwalking (UK) :An example of a horse

Stereotypy (non-human) In animal behaviour, stereotypy, stereotypical or stereotyped behaviour has several meanings, leading to ambiguity in the scientific literature. A stereotypy is a term for a group of phenotypic behaviours that are repetitive, morphologically i ...

exhibited in horses left in a stable, where they repetitively walk around the confines of the stable. ''See also'' Weaving ; branding :Marking a horse (or other animal) by burning the skin with a hot iron, or alternatively with a frozen implement (''

freeze branding Freeze branding (sometimes called CryoBranding and the resulting brands, trichoglyphs) is a technique involving a cryogenic coolant instead of heat to produce permanent marks on a variety of animals. The coolant is used to lower the temperature o ...

''). The skin may be balded, or the hair may grow back in a depigmented color.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' pp. 28–29 ; breeching :A wide strap around the rear of a horse, to hold a saddle in position or to allow a harnessed horse to pull back on the shafts or pole of a vehicle to slow it.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 29 ;breeder :The breeder of a foal is the owner of its dam at the time of foaling. The person designated as the breeder may not have had anything to do with planning the mating of the mare or be located where foaling occurs.Montgomery, E.S, "The Thoroughbred", Arco, New York, 1973 ;breeding #The pedigree of an animal # Horse breeding, or the

selective breeding Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant m ...

of animals. #A type of horse show competition where horses are led, not ridden. See ''in-hand''. ;

breed registry A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeder ...

:See ''stud book'' ; bridle :Headgear placed around the head of a horse that holds the bit in place in a horse's mouth, including reins, used to direct and guide the animal. Sometimes used to refer to the entire piece of equipment, including headstall, bit and reins.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 70 Headstalls that do not have a bit are called either a '' bitless bridle''Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 53 or a

hackamore A hackamore is a type of animal headgear which does not have a bit. Instead, it has a special type of noseband that works on pressure points on the face, nose, and chin. Hackamores are most often seen in western riding and other styles of r ...

. ; bronc or bronco :Originally an unbroken feral horse, now primarily a word for the horses used in rodeo bronc riding events, where the horse tries to buck off a rider.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 31 May describe any undisciplined horse, especially one that bucks. See also ''outlaw''. ;broodmare :A

mare A mare is an adult female horse or other equine. In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse three and younger. In Thoroughbred horse racing, a mare is defined as a female horse more than fo ...

that is used for horse breeding. ;broodmare sire :See ''damsire'' ;brothers-in-blood : Horses either by the same sire and out of full sisters, or out of the same dam and sired by full brothers. ;

bucking Bucking is a movement performed by an animal in which it lowers its head and raises its hindquarters into the air while kicking out with the hind legs. It is most commonly seen in herbivores such as equines, cattle, deer, goats, and sheep. Most r ...

:A behavior where the horse lowers its head and rapidly kicks its hind feet into the air.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 32 At liberty, seen as an expression of excess energy or high spirit, under saddle is generally considered a disobedience, except in sports such as the rodeo sports of

Saddle bronc and bareback riding Bronc riding, either bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a ''bronc'' or '' bronco'') that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally ...

, where the horse is deliberately encouraged to attempt to dislodge its rider. ;bumper pull : A horse trailer style that is pulled by a hitch attached to the frame of the towing vehicle near the bumper.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 33 Contrast with gooseneck below. ;bute : Common term for

Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone, often referred to as "bute", is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the short-term treatment of pain and fever in animals. In the United States and United Kingdom, it is no longer approved for human use (except in th ...

, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (

NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of ...

) used to control pain and swelling in horses. Some racing commissions and showing authorities restrict its use prior to competition in order to reduce the risk of injury to horses. It is banned in most endurance riding competition. ;by :Describes the relationship of a horse to its sire, in the context of its pedigree. A foal is ''by'' its sire and ''out of'' its dam.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 34Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 81

C

;

cannon A cannon is a large- caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder ...

or cannon bone :The third metacarpal or metatarsal bone of the lower leg. Sometimes called the ''shin bone'', but actually analogous to the bones in the human palm or foot. In equines, is a very large bone and provides the major support of the body weight of the horse. The term ''cannon'' may also encompass the soft tissues as well as the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, called ''splint bones'' which may form ossified bridges of bone, called ''splints'' which often form after trauma to the area. ;canner (US) :See also ''dogger'' #A horse of poor quality, referencing animals destined for slaughter. #Canner price: see ''meat money''. ; canter :A three-beat horse gait, with both front and rear legs on one side landing further forward than those on the other side – see ''

lead Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cu ...

'' below. In

Western riding Western riding is considered a style of horse riding which has evolved from the ranching and welfare traditions which were brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors, as well as both equipment and riding style which evolved to meet th ...

, the canter is known as a '' lope''.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 37 The order in which the feet hit the ground varies depending on which legs are leading, but the gait begins with the outside hind, followed by the simultaneous landing of the outside front and inside hind, finished by the inside front. There is a moment during a canter when all four hooves of the horse are off the ground, known as the ''moment of suspension''.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 87 A similar gait is the ''gallop'' (see below) which is performed at a higher speed, when the second beat is broken into two footfalls, making it a four-beat gait. ; carriage #A two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, and used for carrying people.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 38 #The way a horse carries itself, especially the way it positions the head and neck. ; cart #A two-wheeled vehicle pulled by one or more horses (or other animals).Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 91 #(Informal, US) A small, light four-wheeled vehicle, usually with bicycle-style tires, used primarily for show ring

fine harness Fine harness is a type of driving competition seen at horse shows, that feature light, refined horses with high action. Popular breeds in this event include the American Saddlebred, Morgan, Arabian, Dutch Harness Horse, and Hackney (horse). S ...

competition, and upper levels of pleasure driving. casting, cast #Casting (UK), throwing (US): forcing a horse (or other large animal) to lie down, allowing safe veterinary or other treatment. Usually done by an arrangement of ropes or straps. #Cast, the state of an animal laying down that is unable to get up. May be due to illness or injury. Also occurs when a horse in a box stall (loose box) rolls over against a wall, trapping its legs against the wall. ; castration :The act of neutering, or " gelding" a male horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 39 ; chef d’équipe : A person appointed to manage an equestrian team, generally at the state, national or international level. Avenger - Westphalian horse

;chestnut # Chestnut (coat): A reddish-brown coat color with matching or lighter-colored mane and tail.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 42 #

Chestnut (horse anatomy) The chestnut, also known as a night eye, is a callosity on the body of a horse or other equine, found on the inner side of the leg above the knee on the foreleg and, if present, below the hock on the hind leg. It is believed to be a vestigial t ...

:A callosity on the inside of each leg, thought to possibly be a

vestigial Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species. Assessment of the vestigiality must generally rely on co ...

remnant of the pad of a toe Not present on the hind legs of donkeys and zebras. See also ''ergot''. ; choke :A condition arising from blockage of the esophagus, most often linked to a horse eating too fast. A horse that is choking can still breathe, but cannot eat or drink.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 43 ;chrome : Slang for eye-catching white markings on a horse, usually stockings or socks. Also used to refer to particularly flashy pinto or

Appaloosa The Appaloosa is an American horse breed best known for its colorful spotted coat pattern. There is a wide range of body types within the breed, stemming from the influence of multiple breeds of horses throughout its history. Each horse's colo ...

markings. ; cinch :A wide flat girth made of mohair, reinforced felt, or an equivalent synthetic material used in conjunction with a latigo strap to secure a western saddle on the back of a horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 44 ;

clipping Clipping may refer to: Words * Clipping (morphology), the formation of a new word by shortening it, e.g. "ad" from "advertisement" * Clipping (phonetics), shortening the articulation of a speech sound, usually a vowel * Clipping (publications) ...

:Clipping the hair short on all or part of a horse. Different patterns have different names, such as ''harness clip'', ''hunter clip'' etc.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 109 ;clumper (AU) :A half bred draught horse. Also see ''heavy hunter''. ;cluster mare (see also '' star mare'') :Dennis Craig's term for a

Thoroughbred The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word ''thoroughbred'' is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are ...

brood mare whose descendants within six generations include at least two winners of at least five of the top eight English flat races (the five

Classic A classic is an outstanding example of a particular style; something of lasting worth or with a timeless quality; of the first or highest quality, class, or rank – something that exemplifies its class. The word can be an adjective (a ''c ...

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot o ...

, Eclipse Stakes, and Ascot Gold Cup). ;

coach (carriage) A coach is a large, closed, four-wheeled, passenger-carrying vehicle or carriage usually drawn by two or more horses controlled by a coachman, a postilion, or both. A coach has doors in its sides and a front and a back seat inside. The driver h ...

:A carriage, usually closed and drawn by two or more horses.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 110 ;coach house (UK/Ir), carriage house (NAm) :A building used to keep a private carriage and horses, usually with accommodation for a groom, coachman or other servants above. Essentially a cottage or small house with stabling below. ; cob #A stocky, rather small horse, or a large pony.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 47 Often a general description, but also applied to certain breeds such as the Welsh Cob.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 100 #A bridle size designed for horses with small or short heads. Usually keeps a long browband and throatlatch to accommodate the wide forehead and jowls of cobs and other horses with somewhat wedge-shaped heads, such as the Arabian or the Morgan. ;cold-backed : A horse that arches its back and may buck slightly when first mounted.Ensminger ''Horses and Horsemanship'' p. 415 ;cold-blood :Any of a group of equine types including draught horses and many ponies, characterized by a steady temperament, strength and stamina, but no great turn of speed. Refers to temperament, not literally to body temperature.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 112 See also ''hot-blood'' and ''warmblood''. ; colic :Any of a number of painful digestive disorders, usually characterized by intestinal displacement or blockage. A leading cause of death among domesticated horses.Ensminger ''Horses and Horsemanship'' pp. 230–231 ; colt :A young male horse that has not been gelded (neutered).Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 48 For

s, a colt is under four years of age, in most other breeds and contexts, a colt is under three years of age.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 114 Sometimes used incorrectly to refer to any young horse. ;

combined driving Combined may refer to: * Alpine combined (skiing), the combination of slalom and downhill skiing as a single event ** Super combined (skiing) * Nordic combined (skiing), the combination of cross country skiing and ski jumping as a single event * T ...

driving Driving is the controlled operation and movement of a vehicle, including cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses, and bicycles. Permission to drive on public highways is granted based on a set of conditions being met and drivers are required to f ...

competition that goes up to the international level. Individual events are offered for single horses and teams, and competition incorporates three distinct elements: Dressage, Cross-country Marathon, and Obstacle Cone Driving. ; conformation :The shape and proportion of a horse's body.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 50 ; coronary band, or coronet :The area directly above the horse's hoof: a ring of soft tissue just above the horny hoof that blends into the skin of the leg. Includes the bottom of the middle phalanx bone.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 121 ;

counter canter The canter and gallop are variations on the fastest gait that can be performed by a horse or other equine. The canter is a controlled three-beat gait, while the gallop is a faster, four-beat variation of the same gait. It is a natural gait pos ...

:A form of the canter where the horse is deliberately asked to canter on a curve with the outside leg leading, which is opposite of usual. Also known as ''galop faux'', ''false canter'', or ''counter lead''. It is used to help build muscle and suppleness in a horse.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 123 See also ''lead''. ;coupling :The sunken area below the lumbar vertebrae or the horse's back, behind the last rib and in front of the point of the hip. Ideally is to be as short as possible. The term is sometimes expanded to include where the lumbar region attaches to the sacrum.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 102 ;covering :

Mating In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite- sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction. ''Fertilization'' is the fusion of two gametes. ''Copulation'' is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reprod ...

in horses: a stallion is said to ''cover'' a mare.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 125 See also "natural cover" and "artificial insemination". ; crib biting (UK) or cribbing (US) :A stable vice where the horse grabs the edge of an object such as a stable door with its incisor teeth and arches its neck. More severe cases also suck air in simultaneously, and this is termed 'windsucking'. ;crop #

Crop (implement) A crop, sometimes called a riding crop or hunting crop, is a short type of whip without a lash, used in horse riding, part of the family of tools known as horse whips. Types and uses A modern crop usually consists of a long shaft of fiberglass o ...

: A stiff, short-handled whip seen most often in

English riding English riding is a form of horse riding seen throughout the world. There are many variations, but all feature a flat English saddle without the deep seat, high cantle or saddle horn that are part of a Western saddle nor the knee pads seen on an ...

.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 54 #All the foals sired in one year. Often used to refer to one particular stallions' foals born in the year, but can also refer to a particular owner, an entire breed, or a region or worldwide crop. ; crossbred :A horse that is a cross between two known breeds. Not to be confused with ''grade'', below ; croup :The topline and immediate underlying musculature of the hindquarters.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 130 Runs from the tail to the loin, and from the point of the hip to the point of the buttock. ;crowhop (US) :A mild form of

, a stiff-legged hop with a rounded back. Does not involve kicking up the back legs.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 55 See also ''pigroot''. ;crownpiece (US), headpiece (UK) :The portion of a headstall that goes behind the horse's ears. ;C/S/F or c,s,f (AU) :Abbreviation for catch, shoe and

float Float may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music Albums * ''Float'' (Aesop Rock album), 2000 * ''Float'' (Flogging Molly album), 2008 * ''Float'' (Styles P album), 2013 Songs * "Float" (Tim and the Glory Boys song), 2022 * "Float", by Bush ...

(transport), used in ''horse for sale'' advertisements to describe a horse with good ground manners. Usually expressed as ''good (or easy) to C/F/S.'' ;curb #

Curb bit A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders. Kimblewicks or "Kimberwickes" are modified curb ...

: A type of bit that has bit shanks. It applies leverage pressure to a horse's mouth when the reins are tightened. The degree of leverage depends on the length of the shank and the positioning of the bit mouthpiece on the shanks. Is used in conjunction with a

curb chain A curb chain, or curb strap, is a piece of horse tack required for proper use on any type of curb bit. It is a flat linked chain or flat strap that runs under the chin groove of the horse, between the bit shank's purchase arms. It has a buckl ...

or curb strap so that when the reins are tightened, pressure is also applied to the chin groove and the headstall applies pressure on the

poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Figurative head counts * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling places o ...

of the animal. generally characterized by a solid bit mouthpiece of varying designs, but may have a jointed mouthpiece, sometimes mistakenly called a "snaffle". (Compare to '' snaffle bit'', below) # Curb (horse): Several possible types of lameness for which clinical signs include a swelling on the back of the lower leg. Any of a collection of soft tissue injuries of the distal plantar hock region.

D

;daisy cutter : A horse that moves with long but low movement. Considered highly desirable in hunter-type horses. ;dam :The mother of a horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 58 ;dam line :See ''distaff'', ''tail-female'' ;damsire :The sire of the dam of a horse, analogous to the maternal grandfather in humans. Often known as the ''broodmare sire'' Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 137 or ''maternal grandsire''. ;diagonal #At a trot, the set of legs that move forward at the same are the "diagonal" pair.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 61 #When a rider posts while riding at the trot, they can rise either matching when the left or the right foreleg and opposite hind leg hits the ground. If they sit when the left foreleg strikes, they are on the left diagonal, if they sit when the right foreleg strikes, it is the right diagonal. When riding clockwise, the rider is to post the left diagonal, when riding counter-clockwise the rider is to post the right diagonal. In other words, when riding a circle, the rider sits when the outside front and inside hind legs are on the ground. :3. In dressage tests, a line crossing the center of the competition ring running from one end corner to the opposite end corner. The diagonal is also used in some

competition as the route for competitors to safely change direction in a ring or arena when there are a large number of entries. ;distaff : In racing, refers to female horses. Named for the distaff, a spindle used in weaving and traditionally associated with women.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 62 In

pedigree chart A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next, most commonly humans, show dogs, and race horses. Definition The word pedigre ...

s, refers to the entire dam's side of the pedigree. ;dock #The muscular portion of a horse's tail, where the hair is rooted. Sometimes refers only to the upper portion of this area, where the tail attaches to the hindquarters.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 63 # Docking: to cut a horse's tail at the dock, seen most often on carriage horses to keep the tails from becoming caught in the harness. Traditionally referred to the practice of cutting the muscle and bone, though in modern use, sometimes refers only to the cutting of tail hair. ;dogger (AU) : An animal to be used for pet meat, or a buyer of cattle or horses to be used for this purpose.Goode Angela, “Great Working Horse Stories”, ABC Books, Sydney, 1995, :''see also'' Canner ;

Domestic Horse The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a Domestication, domesticated, odd-toed ungulate, one-toed, ungulate, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two Extant taxon, extant subspecies of wild horse, ''Equus fer ...

:''Equus ferus caballus'', the subspecies of the Wild Horse (''Equus ferus'') that has gone through the process of

domestication Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which humans assume a significant degree of control over the reproduction and care of another group of organisms to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that group. ...

. ;dope, doping : To use a medication that is illegal or used in an illegal manner in order to improve a horse's performance in either racing or showing, or, by an opponent, to harm an animal and cause it to perform poorly. ;double-bank :To carry an extra person on a horse or pony.Wilkes, G. A., "A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms", Oxford University Press, USA, 1996, ;

draft horse A draft horse (US), draught horse (UK) or dray horse (from the Old English ''dragan'' meaning "to draw or haul"; compare Dutch ''dragen'' and German ''tragen'' meaning "to carry" and Danish ''drage'' meaning "to draw" or "to fare"), less oft ...

(US) or draught horse (UK) :Generic term encompassing many breeds of large, muscular, heavy horses developed primarily as farm or harness horses, used for plowing fields, pulling wagons, logging and similar heavy pulling work.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 151 North Forks Cardi Trot 5-Apr-09 3-48 PM

; dressage #A classical form of

horse training Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when commanded to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse ra ...

, involving the gradual training of the horse in stages.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' pp. 65–66 #An Olympic level equine sport based on classical principles of horsemanship, involving taking tests designed to gauge the training level of horses in classical dressage. Lower levels of dressage competition are organized by national equestrian organizations, but the higher levels, including the Olympics, are governed by the

Federation Equestre Internationale The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (, FEI) is the international governing body of equestrian sports. The FEI headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland. An FEI code of conduct protects the welfare of the horses from physical abu ...

.Whitaker, et al ''Horse'' pp. 148–151 ;drift :A

New Forest The New Forest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in Southern England, covering southwest Hampshire and southeast Wiltshire. It was proclaimed a royal forest by William the Conqueror, fea ...

term for the gathering of semi-feral ponies for marking, veterinary treatment or sale. See also '' muster'', and ''roundup''. ;

:Guiding and controlling one or more horses from behind, such as from a horse-drawn vehicle, behind a plow or other implement, when pulling logs, boats or other loads, or when ''long-reining'' (''q.v.''). Guidance is by long reins and voice, often using traditional commands characteristic of particular areas or cultures.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 66

E

easy keeper (US) or good doer (UK) :A horse (or other animal) which needs relatively little food to maintain condition and may be prone to obesity.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 161 ;

(US), riding (UK) :The style of riding ubiquitous in the British Isles and other parts of northern Europe, and widely practised in other parts of the world, especially for disciplines such as dressage, show-jumping, cross-country etc. Characterised by use of a relatively flat saddle; the bridle usually has a cavesson-style

noseband A noseband is the part of a horse's bridle that encircles the nose and jaw of the horse. In English riding, where the noseband is separately attached to its own headstall or crownpiece, held independently of the bit, it is often called a cavesson ...

, with reins carried in both hands and generally used with steady contact with the horse's mouth.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 71

;equestrian #An individual familiar with horses and horse handling.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 169 It can also refer to someone riding a horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 72 The feminine form is ''Equestrienne.'' #referring to the management and use of horses. #The

Equestrian order The ''equites'' (; literally "horse-" or "cavalrymen", though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian ...

, an upper-class social rank of

Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...

, akin to the later

knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

. ; equestrianism :Also called ''horsemanship'', the art of handling horses, particularly the art of riding, but also applicable to driving and other disciplines. ;

equine Equinae is a subfamily of the family Equidae, which have lived worldwide (except Indonesia and Australia) from the Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene (16 million years ago) onwards. They are thought to be a monophyletic grouping.B. J. Ma ...

:Any member of the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

''Equus''. ; equitation #The skill of riding a horse. #A term for competitive

horse show A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer ...

events judged on the rider's ability instead of that of the horse. ; ''Equus'' :The genus including the horse, donkey, zebra and all other surviving members of the family

Equidae Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, asses, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus '' Equus'', ...

.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 173 ;ergot #A small callosity on the back of the

fetlock Fetlock is the common name in horses, large animals, and sometimes dogs for the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (MCPJ and MTPJ). Although it somewhat resembles the human ankle in appearance, the joint is homologous to the ba ...

s of

s, often concealed by feathering (hair). Thought to be a vestigial remnant of the pad of the toe.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 174 See also ''chestnut''. #A fungus of the genus '' Claviceps'' growing parasitically on the seed-heads of grasses, and so sometimes occurring in fodder eaten by horses. Contains large amounts of alkaloids, including

ergotamine Ergotamine, sold under the brand names Cafergot (with caffeine) and Ergomar among others, is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline. It possesses structural sim ...

. These can cause ergotism, a serious condition affecting the nervous and circulatory systems, sometimes leading to permanent injury or death. ;

eventing Eventing (also known as three day eventing or horse trials) is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combine and compete against other competitors across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. This ...

or combined training :A

sport horse A sport horse or sporthorse is a type of horse, rather than any particular breed. The term is usually applied to horses bred for the traditional Olympic equestrian sporting events of dressage, eventing, show jumping, and combined driving, but ...

discipline with competition that goes as high as the Olympic level. Includes three types of riding; dressage, cross-country and stadium jumping.

F

;false martingale :A strap in horse harness passing from the collar, through the horse's legs to the belly band, to hold the collar in position.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 179 Unlike a true martingale does not attach to the reins or head. See also ''martingale''. ;family :The direct line of female descent, also known as the ''distaff line'' or ''tail female''. Thoroughbred families are numbered according to their taproot mares.Wicks ''Australian Racehorse'' p. 14 ''See'' tail-female. Italian farrier 2006 1

;

farrier A farrier is a specialist in equine hoof care, including the trimming and balancing of horses' hooves and the placing of shoes on their hooves, if necessary. A farrier combines some blacksmith's skills (fabricating, adapting, and adj ...

#A professional hoof care specialist who does

hoof The hoof (plural: hooves) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering. Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates, species whose feet have an even number of digits, yet the rum ...

trimming and who also uses blacksmithing skills to do horse shoeing.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 180 #Someone who treats all aspects of horse health. ;

feathering Feathering is a technique used in computer graphics software to smooth or blur the edges of a feature. The term is inherited from a technique of fine retouching using fine feathers. Paintbrush feathering Feathering is most commonly used on a ...

or feather :Long hair on the fetlocks of horses.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 76 Most horses have some feather, at least in their winter coats, but in some types (especially certain heavy draft breeds) it may cover the feet and even extend up the rear of the legs. The feather is centered on the ''ergot'' (''q.v.'') on the rear of the fetlock. ;Fédération Équestre Internationale,

International Federation for Equestrian Sports The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (, FEI) is the international governing body of equestrian sports. The FEI headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland. An FEI code of conduct protects the welfare of the horses from physical abu ...

, or FEI :The governing body for most international-level equestrian competitions, including the

FEI World Equestrian Games The FEI World Equestrian Games are the major international championships for equestrianism, and are administered by the Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI). The games have been held every four years, halfway between sets of consecutive S ...

and the Olympics. It recognizes and governs ten disciplines: dressage,

, endurance riding,

horseball Horseball is a sport played on horseback where a ball is handled and goals are scored by shooting it through a hoop with a diameter of 1m. The sport is a combination of polo, rugby, netball, and basketball. It is one of the ten disciplines off ...

para-equestrian Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dres ...

, reining, show jumping,

tent pegging Tent pegging (sometimes spelled tent-pegging or tentpegging) is a cavalry sport of ancient origin, and is one of only ten equestrian disciplines officially recognised by the International Equestrian Federation. Used narrowly, the term refers to ...

, and

equestrian vaulting Equestrian vaulting, or simply vaulting, is most often described as gymnastics and dance on horseback, which can be practiced both competitively or non-competitively. Vaulting has a history as an equestrian act at circuses, but its origins stre ...

. The FEI does not govern horse racing or polo. ;

feedbag A feedbag, feed bag, feeding bag, nosebag, or morral, is a bag, filled with fodder, and attached to the head of a horse, enabling it to eat. The main advantages are that only a small amount of the feed is wasted, and it prevents one animal consu ...

, nosebag :A bag, containing food, that attaches to a horse's head. ; feral horse :Free-roaming horses that live in wild conditions, but are descended from domesticated ancestors – often erroneously called "wild" horses.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 77 The best-known examples are the American Mustang and the Australian

Brumby A brumby is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia. Although found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory, with the second ...

, but there are many other populations worldwide. See also ''semi-feral horse'' (to which the term "feral" is often misapplied). ;

:The joint above the pastern.Belknap ''Horsewords'' pp. 183–184 Anatomically, the metacarpophalangeal (front) and metatarsophalangeal (rear) joints of the horse, formed by the junction of the third metacarpal (forelimb) or metatarsal (hindlimb) bones (also known as the cannon bones) and the proximal phalanx distad (the pastern bone). Anatomically equivalent to the basal joint of a human finger or toe. ; filly :A young female horse. Normally a horse under four years of age,Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 78 but can also be used of a horse under three years of age.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 186 Any female horse that has had a foal is referred to as a mare, regardless of her age. ;flank :The side of a horse ;float #To rasp down sharp points that may form on horse teeth. Usually performed by a veterinarian or Equine dentistry specialist.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 81 #(Australasia) A horse trailer. ;flying change :See ''

lead change Lead refers to which set of legs, left or right, leads or advances forward to a greater extent when a quadruped animal is cantering, galloping, or leaping. The feet on the leading side touch the ground forward of its partner. On the "left ...

''. ; foal #A young horse of either sex under the age of one year.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 82 Derives from the Anglo-Saxon word ''fola''.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 193 May be qualified by sex: ''colt foal'', ''filly foal''. #Foaling: the act of a

giving birth. Poulain-shagya

;foaling box (UK), foaling stall (US) :A large ''loose box'' providing space and privacy for a mare about to foal. Minimum size is usually square. Often provided with a small window or peep-hole (or in modern times a closed-circuit camera or

webcam A webcam is a video camera which is designed to record or stream to a computer or computer network. They are primarily used in videotelephony, livestreaming and social media, and security. Webcams can be built-in computer hardware or peripheral ...

) for the owner or groom to watch the progress of the foaling. ;foal at foot (UK), foal at side (US) :A suckling foal running with its dam. ;form #In racing, the overall fitness of a horse to race. It includes factors such as how well it is currently working, what its breeding is, and how it has performed in the past. #In jumping, the style that a horse uses going over fences. #In equine conformation, the overall

phenotype In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological pr ...

of the animal and its suitability for a given function. ; founder :The most severe form of

laminitis Laminitis is a disease that affects the feet of ungulates and is found mostly in horses and cattle. Clinical signs include foot tenderness progressing to inability to walk, increased digital pulses, and increased temperature in the hooves. Seve ...

, an inflammatory condition affecting the laminae of the

. The third phalanx, or

coffin bone The coffin bone, also known as the pedal bone (U.S.), is the bottommost bone in the front and rear legs of horses, cattle, pigs and other ruminants. In horses it is encased by the hoof capsule. Also known as the distal phalanx, third phalanx, ...

rotates, often becoming deformed, and in severe cases, may puncture the bottom surface of the hoof.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 197 Severe cases may require euthanasia of the affected animal. A leading cause of death among domesticated horses, especially in breeds which are easy keepers (good doers). ; foundation sire :A sire, or stallion, to which all members of a breed trace. Examples include the

Byerly Turk The Byerley Turk (c. 1680 – c. 1703), also spelled Byerly Turk, was the earliest of three stallions that were the founders of the modern Thoroughbred horse racing bloodstock (the other two are the Godolphin Arabian and the Darley Arabian).Ahnert ...

, Godolphin Arabian, and

Darley Arabian The Darley Arabian (foaled c. 1700) was one of three dominant foundation sires of modern Thoroughbred horse racing bloodstock. The other two founders were the Godolphin Arabian and the Byerley Turk. This bay Arabian horse was bought in Aleppo, ...

for the

breed; and Justin Morgan, aka Figure for the Morgan breed. ;

four-in-hand The four-in-hand knot is a method of tying a necktie. It is also known as a simple knot or schoolboy knot, due to its simplicity and style. Some reports state that carriage drivers tied their reins with a four-in-hand knot, while others claim ...

:A team of four horses with all their reins joined into one pair of reins, allowing one driver to control all of them.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 83 Also ''six-in-hand'' etc. ;frog :A tough, rubbery, triangular part of the underside of a horse hoof that acts as a shock absorber for the horse's foot and also assists in blood circulation of the lower leg.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 85 ;from :See ''out of''. ;full board (US), full livery (UK) : When a horse is kept at a stable other than that owned by the horse's owner, when the owner pays for complete care of the horse. Usually includes all feed, the rent of the stall and pasture, and cleaning of the stall. Often includes access to a riding arena and in some places may even include daily turnout or exercise. Contrast with part-board, below. ;full-brother, full-sister :Animals with the same sire and the same dam.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 75Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 442 ;

furlong A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and United States customary units equal to one eighth of a mile, equivalent to 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods, 10 chains or approximately 201 metres. It is now mostly confined to use in hor ...

:A unit of measurement in flat horse racing. Equals one-eighth of a mile or .Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 86 ;futurity #A stakes race for two-year-olds where the owners nominate the horse before birth and then pay additional fees as the horse grows up to continue the ability to enter the horse in the race.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 204 #A

competition for horses of a specified age, where the owners nominate the horse either before birth or as a young foal and then pay additional fees as the horse grows up to continue the eligibility to enter the horse in the class at the proper time. Futurities exist for many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines. ;Five gaited 1. A horse with five gaits. ( walk, trot, canter, rack, slow gait) in saddle seat

G

;

gallop The canter and gallop are variations on the fastest gait that can be performed by a horse or other equine. The canter is a controlled three-beat gait, while the gallop is a faster, four-beat variation of the same gait. It is a natural gait pos ...

: The fastest natural horse gait. Like the canter, there is a moment during a gallop when all four hooves of the horse are off the ground, known as the moment of suspension.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 206 At racing speeds, the gallop differs from the canter in that it becomes an irregular four beat gait, rather than a three-beat gait: the second beat of the canter, where diagonal front and hind legs strike the ground simultaneously, is broken into two beats in very quick succession in the gallop. Used in the wild to escape predators, the gallop is the gait of the classic race horse. ;Galloway # Horse type: Australian show horses standing over 14 hands and not exceeding 15 hands.Summerhayes ''Encyclopaedia for Horsemen'' p. 133 #The Galloway pony, a now-extinct horse breed. ; gait :The way a horse moves its legs is a gait.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 88 They are divided into natural gaits, which are those performed by most horses, and those that are either trained by humans or that are specific to a few breeds. The natural gaits are walk,

trot The trot is a ten-beat diagonal horse gait where the diagonal pairs of legs move forward at the same time with a moment of suspension between each beat. It has a wide variation in possible speeds, but averages about . A very slow trot is someti ...

, canter/lope, and gallop. Other gaits include the pace and ambling gaits such as the rack and single-foot.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 205 ;

gaited horse Gaited horses are horse breeds that have selective breeding for natural gaited tendencies, that is, the ability to perform one of the smooth-to-ride, intermediate speed, four-beat horse gaits, collectively referred to as ''ambling gaits''. In mos ...

:A horse that performs intermediate-speed ambling gaits other than the trot, or in addition to the trot. Several horse breeds are considered ''gaited'', including the

Peruvian Paso The Peruvian Horse is a breed of light saddle horse known for its smooth ride. It is distinguished by a natural, four-beat, lateral gait called the ''paso llano.'' This breed is protected by the Peruvian government through Decree number 25919 of ...

Paso Fino The Paso Fino is a naturally gaited light horse breed dating back to horses imported to the Caribbean from Spain. Pasos are prized for their smooth, natural, four-beat, lateral ambling gait; they are used in many disciplines, but are especially ...

, Saddlebred,

Missouri Fox Trotter The Missouri Fox Trotter is a horse breed that originated in the state of Missouri in the United States. It was developed in the Ozark Mountains by settlers in the early 19th century, and quickly developed into a gaited breed appreciated for i ...

, and Tennessee Walking Horse."Breeds that Gait" ''Equus'' pp. 52–54 ; gelding :A castrated male horse of any age.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 90 ;get :The offspring of a stallion. See also ''produce''. ; girth :Wide, flat strap made of leather, canvas, cord, or similar synthetic materials, used in conjunction with billets at each end to secure most types of English and

Australian Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal A ...

saddles to a horse's back. See also ''cinch.'' ;glass eye, wall eye :A blue eye on a horse.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 104 There is no difference in vision between a blue-eyed horse and a horse with the more common brown eye. ;good doer :See ''easy keeper''. ;gooseneck

:A type of horse trailer that attaches to a gooseneck hitch, a ball placed in the bed of a pickup truck above the axle, rather than a hitch at the rear of the vehicle. The hitch connects to the underside of a long extension, or "gooseneck", that extends from the front of the trailer.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 92 Compare to "bumper pull", above. ;grade :A horse that has only a small amount of recognizable breeding, or none at all. Generally an unregistered and unregisterable animal. Not to be confused with ''crossbred'', above. ;Grand Prix :In equestrianism, the highest levels of either show jumping or dressage, generally governed by the rules of the FEI. The title is also given to some horse races. ;green : A horse or rider that is either untrained or has just started training.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 93 ;green-broke : A horse that has just begun its training and is inexperienced with riders.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 220 Usually references horses that have been ridden under saddle a few times, less often applied to harness horses. ; groom :An employee who looks after horses.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 94 Also ''ostler'' or ''hostler'' (archaic). ; grooming :Cleaning horses for hygienic, practical or esthetic reasons. ;groundwork #To exercise or work a horse without a rider, controlling it from the ground.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 95 #In jumping, training a horse without jumping over fences.

H

;hack #A mediocre but useful horse. #An informal ride, usually for leisure or exercise (also''hacking'' or ''hacking out'').Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 224 #

Show hack The show hack is a type of ridden show horse, exhibited to a standard first established in England. Affiliated showing and breeding of the show hacks in the United Kingdom is overseen by the British Show Horse Association. In the US and Canada, ...

, a type of

competition, usually emphasizing obedience and excellent movement. BosalHorse

;

:A type of headgear that utilizes a

or a

bosal A bosal (, , or ) is a type of noseband used on the classic hackamore of the '' vaquero'' tradition. It is usually made of braided rawhide and is fitted to the horse in a manner that allows it to rest quietly until the rider uses the reins ...

for control instead of a

. ;half-breed #A type of crossbred horse whose sire and dam are from different breeds.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 226 #(UK) A horse whose sire or dam is

, but the other parent is not. Such a horse is not eligible for registration in the

General Stud Book The ''General Stud Book'' is a breed registry for horses in Great Britain and Ireland. More specifically it is used to document the breeding of Thoroughbreds and related foundation bloodstock such as the Arabian horse. Today it is published e ...

, but can be registered in the Half-Bred stud book. ;half-brother, half-sister :Two horses with the same dam. Two horses with the same sire are simply said to be ''by the same sire''.Belknap ''Horsewords'' pp. 226–227 ;

halter A halter or headcollar is headgear that is used to lead or tie up livestock and, occasionally, other animals; it fits behind the ears (behind the poll), and around the muzzle. To handle the animal, usually a lead rope is attached. On smalle ...

:1a.(US) A device placed on the head of an equine for the primary purpose of leading or tying the animal;Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 99 See also ''head collar''. :1b.(Australasia and UK) A rope headpiece with the lead rope attached; or a rolled leather headpiece of the same pattern used for leading and showing horses with refined heads.Stratton ''International Horseman’s Dictionary'' p. 92Summerhayes ''Encyclopaedia for Horsemen'' p. 150 :2. A

class in a horse show is a competition where the horses are led, not ridden, and judged on their conformation. Also called ''in-hand'' or ''breeding'' classes. ; hand :A measurement of the height of a horse. Originally taken from the size of a grown man's hand but now standardized to 4 inches. The measurement is usually taken from the ground to the withers. If expressed with a period and number after it, the number represents additional inches, so 15.3 hands ("fifteen-three") would be 15 times four inches, plus three inches – that is, . Abbreviated "hh"Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 100 for "hands high" or simply "h". ;hand gallop :A controlled gallop, with a speed between that of a canter and a full gallop. Derives from the fact that the gallop is under control of the rider's hand. Often used to show a horse's ground-covering stride in horse show competition. hard keeper (US), poor doer (UK) :A horse (or other animal) which needs a relatively large amount of food to maintain condition.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 231 ;''haute école'', high school :The most advanced form of dressage, wherein the horse performs the most difficult movements such as

pirouette In dance and gymnastics, a turn is a rotation of the body about the vertical axis. It is usually a complete rotation of the body, although quarter (90°) and half (180°) turns are possible for some types of turns. Multiple, consecutive turns are ...

passage Passage, The Passage or Le Passage may refer to: Arts and entertainment Films * ''Passage'' (2008 film), a documentary about Arctic explorers * ''Passage'' (2009 film), a short movie about three sisters * ''The Passage'' (1979 film), starring ...

piaffe The piaffe () is a dressage movement where the horse is in a highly collected and cadenced trot, in place or nearly in place. The center of gravity of the horse should be more towards the hind end, with the hindquarters slightly lowered and great ...

and one-tempi

s. In classical dressage, includes the ''airs above the ground'' as the final step in training. ; harness :A type of

horse tack Tack is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles, stirrups, bridles, halters, reins, bits, and harnesses. Equipping a hors ...

placed upon a horse or other animal in order to hitch it to a cart, plow (UK: plough), wagon or other horse-drawn vehicle.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 101 ; harness racing, trotting races :The sport of racing horses in harness, pulling a very light single-person cart called a ''

sulky A sulky is a lightweight cart with two wheels and a seat for the driver, generally pulled by horses or dogs. With horses, a sulky is used for harness racing. The term is also used for an arch-mounted cart on wheels or crawler tracks, used i ...

''. The horses usually trot or pace.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 232 ; hayloft, hay loft :A floored space above a barn or stable where hay is stored,Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 233 often being fed through hatches in the floor directly into hay-racks in the animal enclosures below. The hayloft door is a high-level hatch (usually in a

gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

wall), through which hay could be loaded directly from a wagon. ;head-collar (Australasia and UK) :A device placed on the head of an equine for the primary purpose of leading or tying the animal;Stratton ''International Horseman’s Dictionary'' p. 94Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 102 See also ''halter'' and ''headstall''. ;head-shy, headshy :A horse which is reluctant to have its head touched or handled, making it difficult to groom and tack up.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 103 ;headstall, head stall #The portion of a bridle that consists of the straps that go over the horse's head and under the throat, excluding the

, used to hold the bit in place.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 235 #An alternate name for a head collar (UK). ;heavy #A rider who uses too much rein pressure is said to have "heavy" hands. #In racing, a track that is between muddy and good, in other words one that is drying out. #A

is sometimes called a "heavy" horse. ;heavy hunter :A heavily built hunter, typically bred by crossing a

with an

Irish Draught The Irish Draught horse is the national horse breed of Ireland which developed primarily for farm use. Today, they are especially popular for crossing with Thoroughbreds and warmbloods, producing the popular Irish Sport Horses (also called ...

(in UK) or any other suitable

breed (in US). Also see ''clumper''. ;Hendra virus or

henipavirus ''Henipavirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Paramyxoviridae'', order ''Mononegavirales'' containing six established species, and numerous others still under study. Henipaviruses are naturally harboured by several sp ...

: A deadly disease to which both humans and horses are susceptible. ;

hinny A hinny is a domestic equine hybrid, the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny). It is the reciprocal cross to the more common mule, which is the product of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The ...

, hinneyPrice, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 104 :A sterile hybrid that is the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey. Generally considered less desirable than a mule, though has a similar appearance and characteristics. Bred less often than mules because the offspring are smaller than mules and female donkeys are less fertile with stallions than mares are with male donkeys. Also occasionally known as ''bardot'' or ''jennet''.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 242 ;hitch #The object attached to a vehicle to allow a trailer to be attached and pulled. #To fasten a harnessed horse to a carriage or other horse-drawn vehicle. (BI: ''Put to''). #To tie or tether a horse to a stationary object such as a post to keep it from wandering. ;hitch and hop #A carriage driving term when one horse of a pair momentarily breaks its trotting stride to realign its gait to trot in synchronisation with the other horse creating a harmonised pair, in a ‘hitch and hop’ movement. ; hobble :A strap or other device placed around the pastern of the leg to prevent a horse (or other livestock animal) from wandering far,Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 105 usually by linking two or more legs together. A "half-hobble" attaches to only one foot, with the other end usually attached to a rope called a picket line. ; hock :The

tarsal joint The intertarsal joint are the joints of the tarsal bones in the foot. There are seven specific inter tarsal joints (articulations) in the human foot: * Subtalar joint * Talocalcaneonavicular joint * Calcaneocuboid joint * Cuneonavicular joint * ...

of the equine hind leg, located midway between the horse's body and the ground.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 244 Anatomically corresponds to the ankle and heel of the human, but in horses is located much farther from the ground. Lascaux2

;

#Wild Horse: ''Equus ferus''. #:a. Tarpan or Eurasian Wild Horse: ''Equus ferus ferus''. #:b. Domestic Horse: ''Equus ferus caballus''. #:c. Przewalski's Horse: ''Equus ferus przewalskii''. #In some circumstances, may refer to members of that species that are taller than 14.2 hands high.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 107 #A male horse, particularly an uncastrated male horse.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 249 ; horse blanket, blanket (US), rug (UK), sheet :A body covering made for horses that covers the animal's body from chest to rump, usually kept on the horse by buckles at the chest by buckles and by adjustable straps passing under the belly and sometimes around the hind legs. Heavier weight blankets assist in keeping the animal warm in cold weather, lighter weight designs are used in warm weather to deter insects and to keep the sun from bleaching out the horse's coat. Blankets may also have hoods or neck coverings added for additional protection of the animal.''Compare to'' Saddle blanket, Numnah. ;

horse-drawn boat A horse-drawn boat or tow-boat is a historic boat operating on a canal, pulled by a horse walking beside the canal on a towpath. United Kingdom The Romans are known to have used mules to haul boats on their waterways in the UK. Boat horses were t ...

; horsecar, :A tram pulled by a horse ; horse meat :The meat of equines, eaten in many cultures, but

taboo A taboo or tabu is a social group's ban, prohibition, or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, sacred, or allowed only for certain persons.''Encyclopædia Britannica ...

in others. ;horse passport :A document required in

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...

countries for every equine animal, including a detailed description of the animal and a record of whether it is intended for human consumption. May be linked to a microchip implant. ;

horse power Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the ...

(hp) :A unit of

power Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may a ...

, originally used to compare the power of mechanical devices to that of a draft horse. Roughly equivalent to the normal sustained power output of one horse – however the ''maximum'' power of a horse is much more than one horsepower.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 253 A metric horsepower equals approximately 735.5 watts, and an imperial horsepower (or imperial horsepower) equals approximately 745.7 watts. Monmouth Park

; horse racing :The sport of racing horses, a major industry in many parts of the world. Racehorses are usually Thoroughbreds (or Arabs) ridden at the gallop, but other breeds are also raced, and horses or ponies may also be raced at the trot or pace, when they are usually in harness (see ''harness racing''). ; horseshoe :A curved bar attached to the underside of the wall of the hoof, to prevent wear and provide grip. Usually made of steel and nailed to the hoof, but may be of aluminum or other materials, and may be glued on. Usually used on all four hooves, but sometimes only on the front, or not used at all (see ''barefoot''). ;horsiculture (UK) :An informal term in UK land use planning, referring to land used intensively for keeping recreational horses, often with many small paddocks and numerous field shelters. ; horse trailer (US), horse van, horse box (UK), horse float (Australasia) :A trailer or van designed to carry horses.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 499 ;hostler (NAm), ostler (UK/Ir) :Archaic term for a horse groom.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 255 (See ''groom'', above) ;hot-blood, hot-blooded :Horses descended from

oriental horse The term oriental horse refers to the ancient breeds of horses developed in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and the now-extinct Turkoman horse. They tend to be thin-skinned, long-legged, slim in build and more physically ...

or "eastern" blood, such as the Arabian horse,

Barb Barb or the BARBs or ''variation'' may refer to: People * Barb (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname * Barb, a term used by fans of Nicki Minaj to refer to themselves * The Barbs, a band Places * Barb, ...

Turkoman horse The Turkoman horse, or Turkmene, was an Oriental horse breed from the steppes of Turkoman desert. Its closest modern descendant is thought to be the Akhal-Teke. It influenced many modern horse breeds, including the Thoroughbred horse. Some h ...

,Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 105 and related breeds. Usually includes the

. ;

hunt seat Hunt seat is a style of forward seat riding commonly found in North American horse shows. Along with dressage, it is one of the two classic forms of English riding. The hunt seat is based on the tradition of fox hunting. Hunt seat competition ...

(US) :Classic form of

, particularly seen in hacking,

trail riding Trail riding is riding outdoors on trails, bridle paths, and forest roads, but not on roads regularly used by motorised traffic. A trail ride can be of any length, including a long distance, multi-day trip. It originated with horse riding, and ...

, jumping.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 260 ;hunter :

Show hunter The Hunter division is a branch of horse show competition that is judged on the horse's performance, soundness and when indicated, conformation, suitability or manners. A "show hunter" is a horse that competes in this division. Show hunters, i ...

(US), hunter (US) or working hunter (US and UK): A type of horse and

competition judged on its movement, manners, and way of going, particularly over fences. A hunter should be graceful and keep a long frame on the flat and while jumping fences.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 109 : Field hunter (US), hunter (US, UKI): a horse used for fox hunting. Subdivided by weight: heavy hunter, light hunter etc. : Show hunter (British): a competition for horses that are shown on the flat, not to jump.

I

J

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L

;

:Inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the

.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 125 Possibly linked to metabolic disturbances, often associated with obesity or ingestion of excess starches or sugars. Causes lameness and severe pain. Treatable if caught early, but in its most severe form, known as "founder", may require euthanasia of the affected animal. ;latigo :Soft, flexible strap made of leather, attached to a heavy ring on a saddle tree, used to attach a cinch to a western saddle. Modern latigo usually has holes punched for a cinch buckle. On older saddles the latigo had no holes and the cinch was secured to the saddle with the latigo tied in a latigo hitch or girth hitch, a variation of the cow hitch. See also ''billets''. WC07d

;lead #

Lead (leg) Lead refers to which set of legs, left or right, leads or advances forward to a greater extent when a quadruped animal is cantering, galloping, or leaping. The feet on the leading side touch the ground forward of its partner. On the "left ...

: the leading legs of the horse at the canter and

. The front and hind legs on one side of the horse appear to land in front of the other set of front and hind legs when the horse travels. On a curve, a horse is generally asked to lead with the inside legs, though there are exceptions to the general rule, such as the

.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 126 See also ''

''. #

Lead (tack) A lead, lead line, lead rope (US) or head collar rope (UK), is used to lead an animal such as a horse. Usually, it is attached to a halter. The lead may be integral to the halter or, more often, separate. When separate, it is attached to t ...

: a lead rope, lead shank or leading rein. A flat line or rope attached to a

and used to lead the animal when the handler is on the ground.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 295 ;

, change of leg :The act of a horse changing from one lead to the other. When performed at a canter or gallop, it is a "flying change". When the horse is dropped to a slower gait and then asked to canter again but on the opposite lead, it is a "simple change". Performing a flying change with every stride is an advanced dressage movement known as a one-tempi change, tempi changes, or informally, "onesies". ; leader :Any of the horses in a team which are ahead of the shafts or pole.Belknap ''Horsewords'' pp. 294–295 Can only pull the vehicle, not slow it. See also ''wheeler''. ;live foal guarantee : A guarantee that a bred mare will have a living foal from a breeding to a stallion. Usually offered by the stallion's owner and allows the mare to be rebred if for some reason the resulting foal is stillborn or is not living.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 301 ;Liverpool bit :A type of adjustable

curb bit A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders. Kimblewicks or "Kimberwickes" are modified curb ...

used for horses in harness, allowing the horses in a team to be driven with the same rein tension. livery stable,

livery yard A livery yard, livery stable or boarding stable, is a stable where horse owners pay a weekly or monthly fee to keep their horses. A livery or boarding yard is not usually a riding school and the horses are not normally for hire (unless on work ...

:An establishment providing ''livery'' (UK) or ''boarding'' (US) for horse-owners – care, stabling or pasture, depending on type.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 302 ;loose-box (UK), box stall (US) :An enclosed area within a stable where a horse may be left untethered (loose). Minimum size is usually square up to about square.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 457 Contrast with tie stall, a smaller enclosure where the animal is kept tied or tethered. See also ''stall''.

longeing Longeing (US English, classical spelling) or lungeing (UK English, informal US) is a technique for training and exercising horses. It is also a critical component of the sport of equestrian vaulting. The horse is asked to work at the end of a ...

(US), lungeing (UK, Australasia, US) :To work or train a horse at the end of a long rope or flat line (typically about in length), teaching it to obey voice commands and exhibit good ground manners, and to exercise it when not ridden (for reasons of youth, age, infirmity, trainer desire, etc.).Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 130 ;long-reining, long-lining, line driving :Driving a horse while walking behind or to the side of it, controlling the animal by use of very long reins. Used for training, both for riding and driving.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 304 For a riding horse, the stirrups are often used as makeshift terrets to keep the reins from trailing on the ground. ;lope (US) :A form of the canter seen in western-style riding; a three beat gait, performed at a relatively slow speed.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 131 ; loriner (UK) :A maker of metal parts for harnesses, bridles, spurs, and other horse apparel.

M

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; pace #A two-beat, lateral gait where the front and hind legs on the same side move forward at the same time.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 156 Difficult to ride, but the fastest of the intermediate gaits, particularly seen in harness racing and the "flying pace" of the Icelandic horse. #In horse racing, may refer to the speed of the leaders of a given race,Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 353 i.e. "setting the pace" or "off the pace". #The speed of a horse or, as a verb, to regulate the speed of a horse, particularly over distance. #A group of asses, also known as a ''passe''. ;

paddock A paddock is a small enclosure for horses. In the United Kingdom, this term also applies to a field for a general automobile racing competition, particularly Formula 1. Description In Canada and the United States of America, a paddock is a small ...

#A fenced enclosure where horses are kept. #In racing, the location where the racehorses are mounted before a race and unsaddled after a race. ;

pair Pair or PAIR or Pairing may refer to: Government and politics * Pair (parliamentary convention), matching of members unable to attend, so as not to change the voting margin * ''Pair'', a member of the Prussian House of Lords * ''Pair'', the Frenc ...

:Two draft animals side-by-side.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 157 Often the same animals will always be worked the same way around. See ''team'' and ''tandem''. ;parrot mouth :A congenital malformation of the upper jaw where the incisor teeth protrude beyond the lower jaw. Sometimes known as ''overshot''.Summerhayes, R.S., Encyclopaedia for Horsemen, p. 241, Warne & Co, New York, 1966 ;

pastern The is a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof. It incorporates the long pastern bone (proximal phalanx) and the short pastern bone (middle phalanx), which are held together by two sets of paired ligaments to fo ...

:The segment of the leg between the fetlock and the coronary band.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 360 Anatomically, two short bones, the proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx. ; pedigree #The known and documented lineage of an animal.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 160 #The written

outlining the lineage of an animal. ;performance class : A category of

classes where horses are exhibited in harness or under saddle and judging is based on how they perform the tasks asked of them. May also refer to equitation classes, where the skill of the rider is judged. Contrast to a halter class which is judged solely on the horse's conformation.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 161 Compare ''Halter'', "in hand" ;

:The outward appearance of an animal, in contrast to genotype, the genetic inheritance of an animal. ;pigroot or pigjump (UK and Australasia) :A milder form of buckingDelbridge ''Macquarie Dictionary'', 2nd ed., p. 1341 See also ''crowhop''. ;pinhooking : The practise of buying young horses with the specific intention of reselling them for a profit. In the UK, typically refers to buying Thoroughbred weanlings and yearlings.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 370 ;place #In horse racing, a placed horse is one that finishes second in a race (NAm),Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 163 or in the first three places (AU/NZ/UK),Summerhayes ''Encyclopaedia for Horsemen'' p.246Delbridge ''The Macquarie Dictionary'', 2nd ed., p. 1352 A place bet is a bet that a horse will place. 93In the (UK/Ir) place bets may be pay up to fourth place if there are 16 or more runners in a race. #In

s, any award ranking, particularly one other than first "place", usually second through fifth or sixth place. ;plug :A common horse of no particular value.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 106 ;

point coloration Point coloration refers to animal coat coloration with a pale body and relatively darker extremities, i.e. the face, ears, feet, tail, and (in males) scrotum. It is most recognized as the coloration of Siamese and related breeds of cat, but can ...

, points :The tail, edges of the ears, mane, and lower legs of a horse. Used in determining the color of a horse.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 375 ;

points of a horse Equine anatomy encompasses the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses, ponies and other equids, including donkeys, mules and zebras. While all anatomical features of equids are described in the same terms as for other animals by the Internation ...

:Collective term in

horse anatomy Equine anatomy encompasses the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses, ponies and other equids, including donkeys, mules and zebras. While all anatomical features of equids are described in the same terms as for other animals by the Internation ...

for the external parts of a horse, such as crest, withers, shoulder, cannon, etc. ;pointing :Resting a foreleg; indicating soreness in that leg or foot.Summerhayes ''Encyclopaedia for Horsemen'' p. 247 ;pole #A single rigid bar extending from the front of a vehicle, being held between a pair of horses (or other draft animals). Allows the animals to steer and slow the vehicle. See also ''shafts''. # Poling, the practice (usually illegal on

grounds) of deliberately hitting the legs of a

show jumper Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows ...

while it is in the air over a fence, said to make it fold up its legs and jump higher.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 164 ;

pony A pony is a type of small horse ('' Equus ferus caballus''). Depending on the context, a pony may be a horse that is under an approximate or exact height at the withers, or a small horse with a specific conformation and temperament. Compared ...

#In common use, a member of the species ''Equus ferus caballus'' of a horse breed that typically matures shorter than . Individual animals of breeds that typically mature over this height may still be called "horses" even if under the cutoff height. In some parts of the world, the cutoff is at 14 hands instead of 14.2.Belknap ''Horsewords'' pp. 378–379 #Biologically, may be used to define small horses that retain a pony

of relatively short height heavy coat, thick mane and tail, proportionally short legs, and heavy build regardless of actual mature height. #For competition purposes, depending on organizational rules and local tradition, may also be used for an adult horse of any breed of 14.2, 14.1, or 14 hands or less at the time of competition. The

, which uses metric measurement, defines the official cutoff point at (just over 14.2 h) without shoes and (just over 14.2½ h) with shoes. #Leading one horse while riding another.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 165 #A horse used in the sport of polo. ;poor doer :See ''hard keeper''. ;posting, rising to the trot : To rise up out of the saddle and then gently sit back down in rhythm with the horse's motion while it is trotting.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' pp. 166–167 Posting the trot is generally more comfortable for both rider and horse. ''See also'' Diagonal. ;Prix St. Georges :The first of the international competitive dressage levels in FEI competition. It is followed by Intermediare I, Intermediare II and Grand Prix. Levels below Prix St. Georges, though common in local and national-level competition, are not recognized by the FEI. The terms used for these lower levels and number of levels available vary from nation to nation. ;produce :The offspring of a

.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 169 See also ''get''. ; pulling :Trimming the mane or tail by pulling out the longer hairs.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 170 ; purebred :An animal with documented parentage recognized by a

as being descended in all lines from recognized foundation bloodstock and free of admixture of breeding from lines outside those of the breed in question.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 389 Not to be confused with ''Thoroughbred'', which is a specific breed of horse with very strict standards for purebred status. ;purse : Prize money in a competition, horse show class, or race. putting to (BI), hitching (NA) :Attaching a harnessed horse to a vehicle.

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R

; rearing :When a horse rises up on its hind legs.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 177 If performed while being handled by humans, is usually considered a severe, dangerous disobedience. Occasionally, horses are trained to rear on command for uses such as film or circus work. Rearing may occur while an animal is loose, being ridden, or while being handled by a human from the ground. ;registration papers, registration certificate, papers, pedigree papers :Documentation provided by a

that verifies the breeding and ownership of an animal.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 178 Usually includes a pedigree chart and an outline illustration indicating

horse markings Markings on horses are usually distinctive white areas on an otherwise dark base coat color. Most horses have some markings, and they help to identify the horse as a unique individual. Markings are present at birth and do not change over the co ...

. Some organizations may include a photograph of the animal. ridgling, rig :A male horse with one or more undescended testicles (a ''cryptorchid''), or one which is incompletely castrated (deliberately or accidentally).Delbridge, et al. ''Macquarie Dictionary'' p. 1511 If both testicles are not descended, the horse may appear to be a gelding, but will still behave like a stallion. ''See also'' stallion, gelding. ;ring sour (US) :A horse that exhibits competition burnout through undesired behavioral problems, including a disinterest in work, reluctance to move forward, pinned back ears, a twisting or wringing tail, or overall disobedience in the ring. ;rising :See ''posting''. ;

rein Reins are items of horse tack, used to direct a horse or other animal used for riding. They are long straps that can be made of leather, nylon, metal, or other materials, and attach to a bridle via either its bit or its noseband. Use f ...

:Item of

, attached as a pair to either side of a

in the horse's mouth, used to direct or guide a horse for riding or driving. ;roller :See ''surcingle''. ; roundup :The gathering of horses or other

livestock Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to animal ...

in the American West.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 183 See also ''muster'', ''drift''. ;rug (UK, Australasia) :see '' horse blanket''

S

;

saddle The saddle is a supportive structure for a rider of an animal, fastened to an animal's back by a girth. The most common type is equestrian. However, specialized saddles have been created for oxen, camels and other animals. It is not k ...

#A device placed on the back of a horse or other equine, where the rider sits, designed to support and stabilize a rider. Comes in two main varieties, a stock saddle (western or Australian designs), and flatter types, known as English in the United States, which are used for jumping, dressage and racing.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 186 #A part of a

horse harness Horse harness is a device that connects a horse to a vehicle or another type of load. There are two main categories of horse harness: (1) the "breaststrap" or "breastcollar" design, and (2) the collar and hames design. For light work, such as ho ...

placed on the back, forming an attachment point for several other harness parts, taking the weight of the shafts or pole. ; saddle blanket :Often a wool or synthetic blanket, but informally may also refer to felt, fleece, or other padding that is placed between the horse and a saddle to protect the horse's back.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 418 Some types of English saddles are designed so that they do not mandate use of a blanket to protect the horse, but use of one helps keep the underside of the saddle clean and may prevent saddle sores on the horse. ; saddle pad (US) #Padding placed under the saddle, shaped fully or partially to complement the outline of the saddle. See ''numnah'' #Rectangular padding, usually at least an inch thick, placed under a western saddle to provide more protection and support than a saddle blanket. ; saddle seat #A form of

popularized in the United States for riding

s and other breeds where high, flashy, action is encouraged, notably the American Saddlebred, Morgan horse, and Arabian horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 187 #The style of saddle used for this discipline, also known as a ''park saddle'', ''lane fox'', or ''cutback''. Is designed to set the rider farther back on the horse, not intended for jumping. ;sand roll :A stall or

yard The yard (symbol: yd) is an English unit of length in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement equalling 3 feet or 36 inches. Since 1959 it has been by international agreement standardized as exactly ...

covered with deep sand, which is used by horses to roll in after exercise. ;

semi-feral A semi-feral animal lives predominantly in a feral state but has some contact and experience with humans. This may be because it was born in a domesticated state and then reverted to life in wild conditions, or it may be an animal that grew up in ...

horse :Domesticated horses or ponies allowed to roam freely, but owned by individuals and rounded up from time to time. Examples include

Dartmoor Dartmoor is an upland area in southern Devon, England. The moorland and surrounding land has been protected by National Park status since 1951. Dartmoor National Park covers . The granite which forms the uplands dates from the Carboniferous P ...

and

Exmoor Exmoor is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England. It is named after the River Exe, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of Simonsbath ...

ponies in their native locations, stock horses on many ranches in the American west, and some modern

Iberian horse The Iberian horse is a designation given to a number of horse breeds native to the Iberian peninsula. At present, some breeds are officially recognized by the FAO,weanlings (especially colts) removed for sale in the autumn. The term may also refer to "bachelor herds" of young colts or geldings that are not old enough to be placed under saddle, or retired geldings too old to ride. See ''feral horse''. ;shafts :A pair of rigid bars extending from the front of a horse-draw vehicle, attached to the sides of the horse (or other draft animal).Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 433 Allows the animal to steer the vehicle, to slow it, and in the case of a two-wheeled vehicle, to hold it level. Used for a single animal, for the rearmost of several animals in ''tandem'', or sometimes to act as ''poles'' between three horses abreast (a ''troika''). See ''pole''. ;show #In US horse racing, the horse that comes in third in a given race. Also a bet that a horse will finish third or better. #A

, a competitive event or series of events where horses are judged in a wide variety of ways depending on breed, discipline and part of the world. ; show jumping #Also stadium jumping; a competition that goes as high as the Olympic level, where the horse is judged on the number of obstacles it clears on the course in a given round and the speed at which it completes the course. When a course is not timed, or in the event of a tie, the height of obstacles is raised in each successive round, most notably in

puissance Puissance is the high-jump competition in the equestrian sport of show jumping. Description The competition involves a maximum of five rounds - opening round followed by four jump-offs, not against the clock. The first round consists of four to ...

competition, until there is a winner.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 438Whitaker, et al. ''The Horse'' pp. 160–171 ;shuttle stallion :A stallion who is regularly transported between the Northern and Southern hemispheres in order to cover mares during both breeding seasons. ;shying :When a horse jumps in fright, usually at a sudden movement or an unfamiliar object.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 194 ; side saddle, sidesaddle #A form of riding where a (normally female) rider sits with both legs to the near side of the horse, rather than with legs astride. #A saddle designed for the above style of riding silhouette, outline diagram :A standard set of diagrams of an individual horse showing its identifying features, including markings and the locations of all its hair whorls. May form part of a horse passport, or of registration/pedigree papers, or both. ;sire :The father of a horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 195 ;smooth mouth :Older horses who have worn the indentations or "cups" from their incisors, which usually occurs by about the age of eight.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 107 Eggbutt2

; snaffle bit :A type of bit that applies direct pressure to the horse's mouth, i.e. a bit without leverage.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' pp. 196–197 Generally considered the mildest type of pressure, though severity can vary depending on the type of bit mouthpiece used. The most common style of snaffle bit has a jointed mouthpiece, but the term refers to a direct pressure bit with any type of mouthpiece, solid or jointed. Term sometimes is incorrectly used to refer to a

with a jointed mouthpiece. (Compare to ''

'') ;snort : A loud harsh sound emitted when a horse holds its head high and forces the breath violently through the nostrils with the mouth shut. The snort lasts about one second and is most commonly heard in horses when they are startled. ;sound :Technical terminology used to describe a healthy horse. ;sour : A horse that is grumpy and unhappy when being ridden. Usually happens through too much work.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 198 ; splints #Ossification of the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, which often form after trauma to the area. Often an unsoundness when newly injured, may ossify into blemishes with no effect on soundness, depending on location. #Splint bones, the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, thought to be vestiges of the toes possessed by prehistoric equines. ;

:General term for a type of horse bred or trained for use in the international and Olympic equestrian disciplines of eventing, dressage, jumping. In some cases may also include hunters and horses used in

. ; stable #A building in which horses are kept (also sometimes other livestock).Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 200 In UK usage, also the space for one horse within a larger building. #A group of horses owned by one individual or group.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 455 stable hand (US), stable lad/lass (UK) :A groom employed to look after horses, especially for horse racing.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 456 "Lad" and "lass" in this context do not imply youth. ;

stable vices Stable vices are stereotypies of equines, especially horses. They are usually undesirable habits that often develop as a result of being confined in a stable with boredom, hunger, isolation, excess energy, or insufficient exercise. They present ...

:Any of a number of repetitive or nervous behaviors seen most often in horses kept in confinement. Usually attributed to boredom and insufficient exercise, though temperament may also play a role. Stable vices include cribbing, weaving, wood chewing, wall-kicking and similar behaviors. ; stagecoach :A large coach pulled by horses used in former times as public transport. A team of four or more horses would be used, being changed at regular intervals–"stages"–for a fresh team. stall (US), stable (UK) :An enclosure within a stable building in which an individual horse is kept.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 201 Two types, ''box stall'' (US) or ''loose box'' (UK) and ''tie stall'' (US) or ''stall'' (UK). ; stallion :A mature, uncastrated male horse, usually four years old and older, although sometimes refers to a horse three years of age or older. Other terms include ''entire'', ''stud'', ''stud horse'', ''full'', ''full horse'', ''stone horse'', ''stock horse'', or ''bull''. ;star mare :As '' cluster mare'', except that descendants will have won three or four of the top eight races, rather than five or more. ; stirrup :Paired small light frames or rings for receiving the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, called a ''stirrup leather''. Used to aid in mounting and as a support while riding.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 203 In UK usage and for

in some US regions, the term "stirrup" includes both the metal frame, or ''iron'', and the ''stirrup leather'', the strap used to suspend the iron from the saddle. In

western riding Western riding is considered a style of horse riding which has evolved from the ranching and welfare traditions which were brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors, as well as both equipment and riding style which evolved to meet th ...

, the term "stirrup" refers only to the frame, which on a western saddle is often made of wood covered with leather. See also ''iron''. ; stock horse #A horse used to herd and manage

on a

ranch A ranch (from es, rancho/Mexican Spanish) is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep. It is a subtype of a farm. These terms are most ofte ...

or station. #Generic term encompassing the horse breeds found in the American west that were developed for handling cattle.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 204 #The Australian Stock Horse, a specific horse breed. #Any horse used for various competitions that are based and judged on cattle handling or agility skills such as reining,

cutting Cutting is the separation or opening of a physical object, into two or more portions, through the application of an acutely directed force. Implements commonly used for wikt:cut, cutting are the knife and saw, or in medicine and science the scal ...

, campdrafting or similar events. ;stock saddle :Several designs of a heavier style of saddle with a deep, secure seat, usually with flared pommels and a high cantle. Designed to help keep the rider seated when a horse makes rapid turns or stops, such as when working livestock.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 464 #An Australian stock saddle seen more often in the Southern Hemisphere. #A western saddle, seen more often in the United States. ;stride :The distance from the imprint of a forefoot until the same foot hits the ground again. ;string :The race horses being trained by an individual horse trainer. Sometimes used to refer to any group of horses trained or used by a single entity for a particular purpose, such as a string of polo ponies, a "show string" of

entries, or a pack string.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 468 ; stringhalt :A nervous disorder in horses, causing a jerking movement, a higher-than-natural gait, of one or both hind legs, as if stepping over an invisible object. ;

stud Stud may refer to the following terms: Animals * Stud (animal), an animal retained for breeding ** Stud farm, a property where livestock are bred Arts and entertainment * Stud (band), a British progressive rock group * The Stud (bar), a gay ba ...

#An establishment where pedigreed horses are bred. #''At stud'', a stallion being kept for breeding.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 206 #(US) Informal and technically incorrect term for a stallion. ;

stud book A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders ...

#(Also ''

'') a list of horses of a particular breed whose parents are known.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 469 An ''

open stud book A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders ...

'' allows parents of different breeds, as long as the horse conforms to the breed standard or meets other criteria, and is often used when establishing new breeds. A ''

closed stud book A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeder ...

'' requires both parents to be in the book, with lineage traceable to the foundation bloodstock. The

thoroughbred The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word ''thoroughbred'' is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are ...

breed is an example of a closed stud book. Many

warmblood Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian spor ...

breeds such as the

Oldenburger The Oldenburg or Oldenburger is a warmblood horse from the north-western corner of Lower Saxony, what was formerly the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. The breed was built on a mare base of all-purpose farm and carriage horses, today called the Alt-O ...

have an open stud book with animals approved for registry via a

studbook selection Studbook selection is a process used in certain breeds of horses to select breeding stock. It allows a breed registry to direct the evolution of the breed towards the ideal by eliminating unhealthy or undesirable animals from the population. The rem ...

process. #A list of stallions of a particular breed "standing at stud", that is, actively being bred. #(UK) Another term for the ''

'', the stud book for Thoroughbreds in the United Kingdom and Ireland. ;substance :Assessment of the overall muscularity of a horse, width and depth of body and quality of bone.Edwards, "Taming the Terminology", p. 108 ;suckling, suckling foal :A young foal that is nursing, not yet weaned from its mother. ;

:A lightweight, two-wheeled cart for one person pulled by a single horse (or sometimes a pair). In earlier times used as a fast, showy form of transport, but now usually limited to harness racing, when it is often made extremely lightly, with bicycle-style wheels. ;

surcingle A surcingle is a strap made of leather or leather-like synthetic materials such as nylon or neoprene, sometimes with elastic, that fastens around the horse's girth. A surcingle may be used for ground training, some types of in-hand exhibition, ...

#Surcingle (NAm, UK/Ir), roller (UK/Ir, Au/NZ). A piece of training equipment which goes around the barrel of the horse.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 207 Usually padded at the top,Summerhayes ''Encyclopaedia for Horsemen'' p. 318 and buckles around the horse. Often has rings placed at various locations for attachment of reins, a crupper and/or an overcheck. Specialized designs also used in

. #A long unpadded strap that passes around the barrel of a horse. One design is placed over a saddle and is fastened with a buckle, used on racing, polo and Australian stock saddles. Other designs are used to hold on certain styles of horse blankets.

T

; tack : All the equipment that horses wear, such as saddles, bridles, harnesses, halters, and other horse care equipment.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 210 ;tack room :A store where tack is kept.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 479 ;tail-Female, mare line, dam line, bottom line :The single line of mares, from the dam to maternal granddam, maternal great-granddam and so on. Usually shown on the bottom side of a pedigree chart. Corresponds in biology to

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA ...

;

tandem Tandem, or in tandem, is an arrangement in which a team of machines, animals or people are lined up one behind another, all facing in the same direction. The original use of the term in English was in ''tandem harness'', which is used for two ...

:A draft animal arrangement with two or more animals in single file, the rearmost (the ''wheeler'') in shafts.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 481 ;

team A team is a group of individuals (human or non-human) working together to achieve their goal. As defined by Professor Leigh Thompson of the Kellogg School of Management, " team is a group of people who are interdependent with respect to inf ...

:Several animals pulling a vehicle. Arranged in various configurations, most commonly as a ''pair'' (two side by side), ''in tandem'' (two or more in single file), a ''four'' (two pairs) or a ''six''.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 483 More rarely other arrangements such as three or more ''abreast'', a ''troika'' (three abreast with shafts between), a "pickax" (three abreast with a pair of wheelers behind) or a "unicorn" (a single animal in front of a pair of wheelers). ;

: When used as a proper noun, refers to a specific breed of horse, best known as a

race horse Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic pr ...

.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 213 Occasionally used as a non-proper noun to mean ''purebred''. ;three-quarter brother/sister :Horses out of the same dam, by stallions that are (maternal) half brothers,Napier “Blood Will Tell” or a father and son. ;three-quarter brother-in-blood/sister-in-blood :Horses by the same sire, and out of half-sisters, or out of a mother and daughter.de Bourg “Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbred”''Sydney Easter Yearling Sale'', 1987, lots 311, 326 and 393, etc., William Inglis & Son, Randwick ;three-quarter genetic brother/sister : Horses who share one sire, and the same maternal grandsire (damsire). Put simply, horses that share three grandparents.Ensminger ''Horses and Horsemanship'' p. 414 tie stall (US), stall (UK) :A small, rectangular enclosure in a stable, approximately wide by long, where an animal is kept tied up.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 493 ;topline #The area on a horse that runs from the

to the dock.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 497 #On a pedigree chart, the paternal side of the ancestry, which is given on the top of the chart.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 216 ;transition :The change from one gait to another.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 218 ;tree :The underlying solid structure or frame of a

, which is covered with leather.

trap A trap is a mechanical device used to capture or restrain an animal for purposes such as hunting, pest control, or ecological research. Trap or TRAP may also refer to: Art and entertainment Films and television * ''Trap'' (2015 film), Fil ...

, pony trap :A light two-wheeled vehicle. ;

:A diagonal, two-beat, intermediate-speed horse gait. ;trotting races :See ''harness racing'' ;

twitch Twitch may refer to: Biology * Muscle contraction ** Convulsion, rapid and repeated muscle contraction and relaxation ** Fasciculation, a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction ** Myoclonic twitch, a jerk usually caused by sudden muscle co ...

:A tool used to restrain and calm a horse by twisting a cord or chain around its upper lip.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 221 ;typey : Slang for a horse that conforms to its breed standards, or type.

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W

;

wagon A wagon or waggon is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people. Wagons are immediately distinguished from ...

, waggon (UK)Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 521 :A four-wheeled vehicle pulled by one or more horses or other draft animals. Usually used for carrying loads. ; walk :A four-beat gait, the slowest of the natural horse gaits.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 230 ;

:A descriptive word for many middle-weight

types and breeds, most originally developed in Europe by the crossbreeding of draft or heavy harness horses on light horse breeds such as Thoroughbreds or Arabians. "Warm" refers to its origin as a cross of a ''cold-blood'', and a ''hot-blood'' – it does not relate to body temperature. ;weanling :A foal that has been weaned from its mother, but is less than one year old.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 231 ;

weaving Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal ...

(US) :A habit, considered a stable vice, developed by some horses kept for long periods in a stable, in which the horse repetitively sways side to side, shifting weight and moving its head and neck back and forth. ''See also'' Boxwalking. ;

#A style of riding characterized by use of a western saddle and a bridle without a

.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 527 Riders generally have a fairly long stirrup, sit rather than post the trot (hence a slower trot, called a "jog" is generally desired in the western horse) and, on a finished western horse, reins are usually carried one-handed by the non-dominant (usually left) hand and, with minimal or no contact with the horse's mouth. The finished animal is usually ridden in a

and turned by use of the

neck rein A neck rein is a type of ''indirect'' riding aids, rein aid. The horse responds to a neck rein when it has learned that a light pressure of the right rein against its neck on that side means for the horse to turn left, and vice versa. The neck re ...

ing technique. Inexperienced or "green" animals are usually ridden two-handed in either a snaffle bit or a

-style

. # Western riding (horse show): A competition seen as some horse shows where a horse in western equipment is required to perform a pattern that incorporates elements of reining, trail and western pleasure.Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 233 ; wheeler :One of the pair of horses closest to a horse-drawn vehicle (next to the wheels).Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 234 The only horses in a team able to slow the vehicle, by pulling back on the pole. Also the rearmost of a team in tandem. See ''leader''. ;whicker :See ''nicker'' ;whinny or whinney :See ''neigh'' ;whorl :A circular arrangement of hairs, usually on a horse's neck. Their location is one means of horse identification.Delbridge, Arthur, The Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., Macquarie Library, North Ryde, 1991 ; wild horse :Horses that have no domesticated ancestors.Belknap ''Horsewords'' p. 531Whitaker, et al. ''The Horse'' p. 24 Currently the only wild horse in the world is the

Przewalski's horse Przewalski's horse (, , (Пржевальский ), ) (''Equus ferus przewalskii'' or ''Equus przewalskii''), also called the takhi, Mongolian wild horse or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered horse originally native to the steppes of ...

. The only other true wild horse to survive into historical times was the tarpan. All other free-roaming horses today are feral horses, descended from domesticated ancestors. The Domestic Horse, ''Equus ferus caballus'', is a subspecies of the Wild Horse. ;win :In horse racing, the horse that comes in first in a given race. Also a bet that a horse will come in first.

X

;'' Xenophon'' :Ancient Greek cavalry officer, historian and political philosopher who wrote a manual, '' On Horsemanship'' (Ἱππαρχικὸς ἢ περὶ ἱππικῆς) describing humane methods for the training of horses,Price, et al. ''Lyons Press Horseman's Dictionary'' p. 239 circa 350 BC. Sometimes called the "father of classical horsemanship".

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;

zebroid A zebroid is the offspring of any cross between a zebra and any other equine to create a hybrid. In most cases, the sire is a zebra stallion. Offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam are called a donkra and offspring of a horse sire and a z ...

or zebra mule : Hybrid offspring of a zebra crossed on another equine, term includes the zorse, zony and zedonk.

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