Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, (GSK-3 beta), is an
enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GSK3B''
gene.
In mice, the enzyme is encoded by the Gsk3b gene.
Abnormal regulation and expression of GSK-3 beta is associated with an increased susceptibility towards
bipolar disorder.
Function
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (
GSK-3) is a proline-directed
serine-threonine kinase that was initially identified as a
phosphorylating
In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, whi ...
and an inactivating agent of
glycogen synthase
Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen. It is a glycosyltransferase () that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4--D-glucosyl)n to yield UD ...
. Two isoforms, alpha (
GSK3A) and beta, show a high degree of amino acid homology.
GSK3B is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation.
It might be a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Disease relevance
Homozygous disruption of the Gsk3b locus in mice results in embryonic lethality during mid-gestation.
This lethality phenotype could be rescued by inhibition of
tumor necrosis factor.
Two SNPs at this gene, rs334558 (-50T/C) and rs3755557 (-1727A/T), are associated with efficacy of
lithium treatment in
bipolar disorder.
Signaling pathways
Pharmacological inhibition of
ERK1/2 restores GSK-3 beta activity and protein synthesis levels in a model of
tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin. A combination ...
.
Interactions
GSK3B has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
KIAA1211L
KIAA1211L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1211L gene. It is highly expressed in the brain (Cerebral cortex, Cerebral Cortex). Furthermore, it is localized to the microtubules and the centrosomes and is subcellularly located in the ...
*
AKAP11
A-kinase anchor protein 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''AKAP11'' gene.
Function
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory s ...
,
[
* AXIN1,]DNM1L
Dynamin-1-like protein is a GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fission. In humans, dynamin-1-like protein, which is typically referred to as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is encoded by the ''DNM1L'' gene and is part of the dynamin superfamily ...
,SGK3
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SGK3'' gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and encodes a phosphoprotein with a PX (phox homology) domain. The ...
,
See also
* Glycogen synthase kinase 3
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules onto serine and threonine amino acid residues. First discovered in 1980 as a regulatory kinase for its namesake, glycogen s ...
References
Further reading
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External links
PDBe-KB
provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B)
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Protein kinases
EC 2.7.11