Fort Canning Reservoir
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The following is a list of service reservoirs in Singapore. There are currently 9 service reservoirs operating in Singapore which are used to store potable water.


Changi Creek Reservoir

Changi Creek Reservoir is a small service reservoir located to the north of
Singapore Changi Airport Singapore Changi Airport, commonly known as Changi Airport , is a major civilian international airport that serves Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. As one of the world's busiest airports by international passe ...
in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
. The
reservoir A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation. Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including contro ...
supplements and provides backup water supply for the
airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...
. It was formed by damming the
headwaters The headwaters of a river or stream is the farthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or downstream confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river. It is also known as a river's source. Definition The ...
of a small river, Changi Creek, which empties into Sungei Changi and thence into the
Serangoon Harbour Serangoon () is a planning area and residential town located in the North-East Region of Singapore. Serangoon is bordered by these planning areas – Sengkang to the north, Hougang to the east, Ang Mo Kio and Bishan to the west, as well as ...
. Rainfall from the runways and surrounding green areas is collected in the nearby
South End Reservoir The following is a list of service reservoirs in Singapore. There are currently 9 service reservoirs operating in Singapore which are used to store potable water. Changi Creek Reservoir Changi Creek Reservoir is a small service reservoir located ...
. Changi Creek Reservoir is used to balance flows during incoming tides and high rainfall.


Fort Canning Service Reservoir

The Fort Canning Service Reservoir (
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
: 福康宁备水池) is an underground reservoir located on top of
Fort Canning Hill Fort Canning Hill, formerly Government Hill, Singapore Hill and Bukit Larangan (''Forbidden Hill'' in Malay), is a small hill, about high, in the southeast portion of the island city-state of Singapore, within the Central Area that forms Si ...
in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
. Construction of the reservoir began on 1 April 1927 on the former site of a large artillery barracks and parade ground to help supplement the large impounding reservoirs. The reservoir was constructed in two sections, the southern section was ready for water storage by 1 August 1928, and the final work completed by the middle of January 1929. Water is pumped from the large reservoirs into the service reservoirs, thus enabling water to flow down the hill into houses. Earlier service reservoirs were built on
Mount Emily Mount Emily ( Tolowa: en-may ) is a mountain in the Klamath Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States. It is located in southern Curry County in the extreme southwest corner of the state, near Brookings, approximately from the Pacif ...
(1878),
Pearl's Hill Pearl's Hill, briefly Mount Stamford, is a small hill in Singapore. Located in the vicinity of Chinatown, it is one of the few surviving hills in the city area. History The hill was the location of gambier plantations owned by the Chinese who h ...
(1903), and
Bukit Timah Hill Bukit Timah Hill, located in its namesake district of Bukit Timah, is a hill located near the geographical centre of Singapore. The hill stands at an altitude of 164 metres (538 ft) above sea level, making it the highest natural peak in the coun ...
. The size of the Fort Canning Reservoir is 30 million gallons. A spring used to exist on the west side of Fort Canning Hill and served as a source of water in the early days of Singapore. The spring was called ''pancur larangan'' or "forbidden spring", where the women of the ruler's household were said to bathe in ancient times. In the early period of the 19th century Singapore, the stream was used to provide clean drinking water for all ships stopping at the port until the demand exceeded the capacity by the 1830, and the spring then dried up as wells were dug around the hill. A cache of Javanese-style gold ornaments dating to the mid-14th century were discovered when workers were excavating for the reservoir at Fort Canning in 1928.


Jalan Eunos Service Reservoir

Jalan Eunos Service Reservoir is a service reservoir located along Kaki Bukit Avenue 4 in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
. It is found in the northern part of
Kaki Bukit Kaki Bukit ( Jawi: كاكي بوكيت; ) is a small town in Perlis, Malaysia. It has an estimated population of 3,000. Kaki Bukit is located 26 kilometres (16 miles) north of the state capital, Kangar and a few miles away from Padang Besar, the ...
estate near the
Paya Lebar Air Base The Paya Lebar Air Base is a military airbase of the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) located at Airport Road in Paya Lebar, in the eastern region of Singapore. The airbase goes by the motto of ''Strength Through Readiness''. It was ...
and is therefore part of the
Bedok Bedok () is a planning area and matured residential town located in the geographical region of Tanah Merah along the south-eastern coast of the East Region of Singapore. Bedok is bounded by five other planning areas: Paya Lebar to the north ...
planning area. The
reservoir A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation. Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including contro ...
provides water supply to the eastern regions of Singapore and stores treated water mainly from
Bedok Reservoir Bedok Reservoir ( ms, Empangan Bedok, , ta, பெடோக் நீர்த்தேக்கம்) is a reservoir in the eastern part of Singapore, to the north of Bedok. The reservoir has a surface area of 880,000 m², and a capacity of 12. ...
. It can reportedly hold 22 million gallons/ 100,000 cubic metres of water. Access to this service reservoir is restricted unlike the neighbouring Bedok Reservoir. Jalan Eunos Service Reservoir was first constructed by the British Government in 1956 at an estimated cost of $4 million to improve water pressure in the
Geylang Geylang is a planning area and township located on the eastern fringe of the Central Region of Singapore, bordering Hougang and Toa Payoh in the north, Marine Parade in the south, Bedok in the east, and Kallang in the west. Geylang is perha ...
,
Katong Katong, also known as Tanjong Katong, is a residential neighbourhood in the eastern portion of the Central Region of Singapore, within the Marine Parade planning area. It used to be located by the sea, before land reclamation towards the south ...
and
Changi Changi () is a planning area located in the geographical region of Tanah Merah in the East Region of Singapore. Sharing borders with Pasir Ris and Tampines to the west, Changi Bay to the southeast, the South China Sea to the east and the Seran ...
areas of Singapore, as the Woodleigh Waterworks, constructed in 1912 and still stands today, was inadequate to channel water to the growing population. The reservoir was first expanded in 1971 and was then expanded again in 1974 to increase water supply to the east of Singapore which was developing rapidly and was in need of connection to potable water. As Singapore had gained independence by then, there were also fears that Malaysia would eventually cut off water supply from its reservoirs despite agreements made beforehand. In line with the need for self reliance to provide our own water, Bedok Reservoir was then finally completed in 1985 to provide Jalan Eunos Service Reservoir with even more water especially to the residences residing in the east of Singapore. Redevelopments in the area of Kaki Bukit also saw Jalan Eunos which was once linked to the reservoir no longer anywhere near it.


Kallang Service Reservoir

Kallang Service Reservoir, also called Bukit Kalang Service Reservoir, is a service reservoir located within the
Central Water Catchment The Central Water Catchment, also known as the Central Catchment Area, is a designated planning area and one of the two main water catchments of Singapore. The country's main reservoirs – MacRitchie, Upper Seletar, Upper Peirce and Lower ...
. It is situated south of the
Lower Pierce Reservoir The Lower Peirce Reservoir ( Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: ''Takungan Air Lower Peirce'') is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore. It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang R ...
, off Island Club Road. Though called Kallang Service Reservoir, it is located nowhere near to
Kallang Kallang is a planning area and residential town located in the Central Region of Singapore. Development of the town is centered around the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. Kallang Planning Area is bounded by Toa Payoh in the ...
. It is, however, located within the former Ulu Kallang mukim, as well as within the vicinity of the Bukit Kallang geographic point.


Murnane Service Reservoir

Murnane Service Reservoir is a small service reservoir near the Bukit Timah Expressway and the
Pan Island Expressway The Pan Island Expressway (Abbreviated as: PIE) is the oldest and longest expressway in Singapore. It is also Singapore's longest road. The expressway runs from the East Coast Parkway near Changi Airport in the east to Tuas in the west and ha ...
in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
. The
reservoir A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation. Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including contro ...
supplements and provides backup water supply for the western regions of Singapore. The reservoir was planned immediately after
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
and was completed in 1956.Murnane reservoir: Singapore Author: Wheeler, CM Source: New Zealand Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 9, Sept 1958: 329–333 It is named after D. J. Murnane the longest serving Municipal Water Engineer in Singapore. In 2014 the
Public Utilities Board The Public Utilities Board (PUB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment of the Government of Singapore responsible for ensuring a sustainable and efficient water supply in Singapore. The PUB regulates an ...
announced plans for the Murnane Pipeline project, a new 22km long underground water main running from the Murnane Reservoir to
Tanjong Pagar Tanjong Pagar (New Rumi Spelling, alternatively spelled ''Tanjung Pagar'') is a historic district located within the Central Business District in Singapore, straddling the Outram, Singapore, Outram Planning Area and the Downtown Core under the ...
in order to meet future demand, which is expected to double from 30 million gallons per day (mgd) to 60 mgd by 2060. The project is expected to be completed in Q3 2022.


Pandan Reservoir


Pearl's Hill Service Reservoir

The Pearl's Hill Service reservoir was first mooted in 1897 to provide additional storage capacity and increase water pressure. The project is described in some detail in a 1902 newspaper report which highlighted the rapid growth in water demand from 4.1 million gallons per day (average) in May 1900 to 5.4 mgpd in 1902. Built of granite and concrete at a cost of $300,000, it was 70 feet higher than the Wilkie Road reservoir which it replaced. The work was undertaken by Municipal Water Engineer
Robert Peirce (engineer) Robert Peirce ( January 1863–1933) was a British-born civil engineer who served as Municipal Engineer in Penang, Malaysia and Singapore. Career Peirce was trained as a civil engineer in Manchester, England before moving to the Penang, Strai ...
and his assistant L M Bell. Upon completion there were concerns reported in the newspaper about the construction quality, stability and leakages from the reservoir. The structure of the reservoir on top of the hill rather than sunken into the hill (like Fort Canning reservoir) appears to have been the root cause of the public concern. When filtered water was first imported from Gunong Pulau in Johor, beginning in 1929, it was stored in Pearl's Hill Reservoir.


South End Reservoir

The South End Reservoir is a small service reservoir located to the south of
Singapore Changi Airport Singapore Changi Airport, commonly known as Changi Airport , is a major civilian international airport that serves Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. As one of the world's busiest airports by international passe ...
in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
. Rainfall from the runways and surrounding green areas is collected in the reservoir and used for fire-fighting drills and toilet flushing. The reservoir supplies 28–33% of the airport's water and saves the airport around S$390,000 per year. It is linked to the
Changi Creek Reservoir The following is a list of service reservoirs in Singapore. There are currently 9 service reservoirs operating in Singapore which are used to store potable water. Changi Creek Reservoir Changi Creek Reservoir is a small service reservoir located ...
to balance flows during incoming tides and high rainfall.


Yishun Pond Park

The pond in Yishun Pond Park is a service reservoir which acts as a
water catchment area A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, th ...
.


References

{{Reservoirs in Singapore Changi Reservoirs in Singapore