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Seoul Subway Line 1 (dubbed ''The Dark Blue Line'') of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit and commuter rail line which links central Seoul, South Korea to Yeoncheon in the northeast,
Incheon Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
in the southwest, and Sinchang via
Suwon Suwon (, ) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety". With a populati ...
and
Cheonan Cheonan (; 천안시, ''Cheonan-si''), also spelled Ch'ŏnan, is a city in South Chungcheong, South Korea. Cheonan has a population of 666,417 (2018), making it the most-populous city or county in South Chungcheong, and the third most-populous ci ...
in the south. The central underground portion of Line 1, running underneath Sejongno, Jongno, and Wangsan-ro avenues along Seoul's traditional downtown area, is the oldest subway-operated section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system. Its branches and services cover a large part of the Seoul Capital Area; totaling in route length. The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 () after its operator, is currently operated by Seoul Metro, and is electrified at the subway standard of 1.5 kV DC. The line first opened in 1974 as the Korean National Railroad of Seoul with
through services A through service is a concept of passenger transport that involves a vehicle travelling between lines, networks or operators on a regularly specified schedule, on which the passenger can remain on board without alighting. It may be in form of eith ...
to newly-electrified (at the mainline KNR standard of 25 kV AC 60 Hz) national mainline railways from Seongbuk station (now:
Kwangwoon University station Kwangwoon University station (formerly Seongbuk station) is a train station on Seoul Subway Line 1, Gyeongchun Line and Gyeongwon Line in Seoul, South Korea operated by Korail. Together with Incheon station and Suwon station, this station was one ...
) to
Incheon Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
and
Suwon Station Suwon Station is a railway station in the city of Suwon, South Korea. The station was completely redeveloped in 2002 and 2003, and is now integrated with the Aekyung Shopping Mall (AK Plaza). This station serves Inter-city railway Gyeongbu Line K ...
s. This was the first electrified rapid transit line and service in South Korea and the second in the Korean Peninsula after the Pyongyang Metro in North Korea opened the year before. Frequent service is provided between Soyosan, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu, Cheongnyangni, Seoul, Yongsan, and Guro, where trains split between Incheon in the west and Byeongjeom and Cheonan in the south. Express trains operate from Yongsan and Seoul stations to Dongincheon and Sinchang stations. Trains run every 3-6 min in the central route between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni, every 6-9 min between Seoul and Guro, every 8-10 min between Guro and Incheon and between Guro and Byeongjeom, every 10-15 min from Byeongjeom to Cheonan, and every 35 min between Cheonan and Sinchang and service up to the Dongducheon area and Soyosan station. Service to Yeoncheon is approximately once per hour, limited due to the single track section approaching Soyosan station. This service is meant to be the replacement for the Gyeongwon line commuter trains, which began at Dongducheon station prior to its closure. Trains travel along Gyeongbu (Seoul-Cheonan),
Gyeongin The name Gyeongin refers to the Seoul- Incheon corridor in South Korea, and is used as a name for the Gyeongin railway line, the Gyeongin Expressway, and the Gyeongin Canal (which was completed in 2011 and is now called the Arabaetgil Canal), al ...
(Guro-Incheon), Janghang (Cheonan-Sinchang), and Gyeongwon (Hoegi-Yeoncheon) railway lines. The line runs on the left-hand side of the track, as opposed to the right-hand side of the track like all other Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines (another exception to this is Seoul Subway Line 4 although it runs on the right-hand side until Namtaeryeong station, and operates on the left-hand side for the parts afterwards) since railways in Korea generally run on the left side.


Rapid (Express) trains

Korail operates a variety of express "rapid" ( Korean: 급행 ''geup-haeng'', Hanja: 急行) trains for long distance commuter services on Line 1. These services include: * Gyeongin line express services from Yongsan to Dongincheon, operating express between Guro and Dongincheon, including: ** Regular express services, introduced on January 29, 1999, following quadruple-tracking of the Gyeongin Line. ** Faster
limited express A limited express is a type of express train service. It refers to an express service that stops at a limited number of stops in comparison to other express services on the same or similar routes. Japan The term "limited express" is a common ...
( Korean: 특급 ''teuk-geup'', Hanja: 特急) trains, introduced on July 7, 2017. * Gyeongbu line express services from Cheongnyangni to Cheonan or Sinchang, operating express between Gasan Digital Complex and Cheonan and running local elsewhere. * Green Gyeongbu line express service from Seoul Station to Cheonan or Sinchang, originating at a platform adjacent to Seoul Station, skipping all stations between Seoul Station and
Geumcheon-gu Office Station Geumcheon-gu Office Station, formerly known as Siheung Station, is a station on the Line 1 of the Seoul Subway, as well as the Gyeongbu Line. Commuter rail trains on Line 1 travel southwards from here to Anyang, Suwon, Pyeongtaek and Cheonan Stat ...
, making intermediate stops at Anyang, Gunpo, Uiwang, and Sungkyunkwan University, and then following the red Gyeongbu line express service pattern south of Suwon. Northbound services (departing from Cheonan/Sinchang and terminating at Seoul Station) stop at Yeongdeungpo station, but southbound services are unable to due to the lack of a raised platform. This service was introduced on September 25, 1982. * Gyeongwon line express services from Dongducheon to Incheon, operating express between Dongducheon and Kwangwoon University and running local between Incheon and Kwangwoon University. Former express services include: * One late night Gyeongin line express service that originated at Soyosan, made all stops to Guro, then made express stops until Incheon. * Yeongdeungpo-Byeongjeom Gyeongbu line express service, skipping all stations between Yeongdeungpo and
Anyang Anyang (; ) is a prefecture-level city in Henan province, China. The northernmost city in Henan, Anyang borders Puyang to the east, Hebi and Xinxiang to the south, and the provinces of Shanxi and Hebei to its west and north respectively. It had a ...
and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Anyang until Byeongjeom. This service was introduced on August 25, 2014 and was discontinued on December 9, 2016. * Two faster Yongsan-Sinchang limited express trains (one in each direction), introduced in 2013. This train only operated on weekends and holidays. It was discontinued on July 1, 2018.


Electrification

Seoul Subway Line 1 is powered by 1500 V direct current on the underground tunnel segment between Cheongnyangni station and Seoul Station, and by 25000 V alternating current (60 Hertz frequency) on the rest of the line. Because of this different manner of offering electric current, there are neutral sections between Cheongnyangni station and
Hoegi station Hoegi Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 1, Gyeongchun Line and the Gyeongui-Jungang Line. The two island platforms are side-by-side with each other, and are connected by an overpass. This is the closest station to Kyung Hee University K ...
, as well as between Seoul Station and Namyeong station. All Line 1 rolling stock are similarly required to be multi-system compatible with both electrification systems.


Stations

Until 2000, the underground city-center portion run by
Seoul Metro Corporation Seoul Metro Corporation () was a municipal-owned corporation owned by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Established in 1970, it was, with Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation and Korail, one of the major operators of Seoul Metropolitan ...
—one of Seoul Metro's predecessors—was the only section properly referred to as Line 1 and labeled red on maps. On the other hand, the remaining sections of the rail line run by
Korail The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사, Hanja: ), branded as KORAIL (코레일, officially changed to in November 2019), is the national railway operator in South Korea. Currently, KORAIL is a public corporation, managed ...
were referred to as Korean National Railroad of Seoul and the local all-stop services labeled either blue or gray on maps, while the express services were labelled thin red. Since 2000, all adjacent through-running Korail services from the Gyeongbu,
Gyeongin The name Gyeongin refers to the Seoul- Incheon corridor in South Korea, and is used as a name for the Gyeongin railway line, the Gyeongin Expressway, and the Gyeongin Canal (which was completed in 2011 and is now called the Arabaetgil Canal), al ...
and Gyeongwon Lines, as well as later Korail-operated extensions and branches, are officially bundled together with the aforementioned underground portion as part of a greater Line 1, and the labeling on maps was changed and standardized to the current dark blue color (as illustrated in the map below); also to avoid confusion with Line 4's light blue color. (A slightly different shade of red is now used to label the Shinbundang Line which opened in 2011.)


Main Lines

Local lines: * Yeoncheon, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu or Yangju — Incheon * Uijeongbu (3 times only on weekdays), Kwangwoon Univ. or Cheongnyangni — Cheonan, Sinchang, or Seodongtan * Yeongdeungpo — Gwangmyeong (shuttle) Express lines: * ''GW: Gyeongwon Express (Dongducheon - Incheon)'' * ''GI: Gyeongin Express (Yongsan – Dongincheon)'' * ''GI LE: Gyeongin
Limited Express A limited express is a type of express train service. It refers to an express service that stops at a limited number of stops in comparison to other express services on the same or similar routes. Japan The term "limited express" is a common ...
(Yongsan – Dongincheon)'' * ''GB A: Gyeongbu Express (Cheongnyangni – Cheonan or Sinchang)'' * ''GB B: Gyeongbu Express (Seoul – Cheonan or Sinchang)'' ※ Only
Korail The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사, Hanja: ), branded as KORAIL (코레일, officially changed to in November 2019), is the national railway operator in South Korea. Currently, KORAIL is a public corporation, managed ...
trains are used for express trains.
Key:


Yeongdeungpo – Gwangmyeong shuttle service


Byeongjeom Depot spur service


Historical timeline

1974 :August 15:
Line 1 Line 1 or 1 line may refer to: Public transport Africa * Line 1 (Algiers Metro), Algeria * Cairo Metro Line 1, Egypt Asia China * Line 1 (Beijing Subway) * Line 1 (Changchun Rail Transit) * Line 1 (Changsha Metro) * Line 1 (Changzhou Metro) * L ...
is officially opened with 9 stations from Seoul to Cheongnyangni (whose distance is ), creating a system of 28 stations (excluding the 9 metro stations) on national railroads from Seongbuk station (now:
Kwangwoon University station Kwangwoon University station (formerly Seongbuk station) is a train station on Seoul Subway Line 1, Gyeongchun Line and Gyeongwon Line in Seoul, South Korea operated by Korail. Together with Incheon station and Suwon station, this station was one ...
, the then-northern terminus) to Incheon Station and
Suwon Station Suwon Station is a railway station in the city of Suwon, South Korea. The station was completely redeveloped in 2002 and 2003, and is now integrated with the Aekyung Shopping Mall (AK Plaza). This station serves Inter-city railway Gyeongbu Line K ...
.
Korail The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사, Hanja: ), branded as KORAIL (코레일, officially changed to in November 2019), is the national railway operator in South Korea. Currently, KORAIL is a public corporation, managed ...
is named Korean National Railroad, with Line 1 just referring to the Seoul-Cheongnyangni section. 1978 :December 9: The Gyeongwon Line from Yongsan to Seongbuk opens as a new branch, with Ichon and Seongsu (now part of the Jungang Line). 1979 :February 1: Yuljeon Station is opened. 1980 :January 5: Sinimun Station is opened. :April 1: Seobinggo, Hannam and Hoegi (now part of the Jungang Line) are opened. :July 10: Seongsu is renamed ''
Eungbong Station Eungbong Station is a station on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line. Station layout Vicinity *Exit 1: Eungbong Elementary School, Gwanghui Middle School A middle school (also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary s ...
'' 1982 :August 2:
Seoksu Station Seoksu Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 1 Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit and commuter rail line which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheo ...
is opened. 1984 :January 1: Yuljeon Station is renamed Seongdae-ap Station. :May 22: Sindorim Station is opened. :November 20:
Baegun Station Baegun Station is a subway station on the Seoul Subway Line 1 and the Gyeongin Line. Vicinity *Exit 1: Daeju Parkville APT *Exit 2: Bupyeong Library *Exit 3: Sinchon Elementary School A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Au ...
is opened. 1985 :January 14: Seokgye Station is opened. :April 20: Chang-dong is opened as a northward extension. :August 22: Wolgye and Nokcheon are opened. :October 18: Oksu Station (now part of the Jungang Line) is opened. 1986 :September 2: 6 stations from
Uijeongbu Uijeongbu () is a Administrative divisions of South Korea, city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Overview Uijeongbu is located north of the Korean capital Seoul; it lies inside a Defile (geography), defile, with mountains on two sides, and com ...
to Chang-dong are opened as a northward extension. 1987 :October 5: Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is opened. :December 31: Jung-dong Station is opened. 1988 :January 16: Onsu Station is opened. :October 25: The Ansan Line is opened as a southward branch, from Geumjeong Station to Ansan Station. 1994 :July 11: Ganseok and Dowon are opened. :December 1: Seongdae-ap Station is renamed to Sungkyunkwan University. 1995 :February 16: Guil Station is opened. 1996 :January 1: Hwigyeong Station is renamed to Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Station :March 28: Bugae Station is opened. 1997 :April 30: Sosa Station is opened. 1998 :January 7: Singil and Doksan are opened. 2000 :Korea National Railroad and Line 1 are integrated as Seoul (Metropolitan) Subway Line 1. 2001 :November 30: Dohwa Station is opened. 2003 :April 30: Seryu and Byeongjeom are opened as a southward extension. The Ansan Line service is replaced with an extended Seoul Subway Line 4. 2004 :August 25: Bugok Station is renamed Uiwang Station. 2005 :January 20: 8 stations from Byeongjeom to
Cheonan Cheonan (; 천안시, ''Cheonan-si''), also spelled Ch'ŏnan, is a city in South Chungcheong, South Korea. Cheonan has a population of 666,417 (2018), making it the most-populous city or county in South Chungcheong, and the third most-populous ci ...
are opened as another southward extension. :December 16: The Gyeongwon Line branch from Yongsan Station to
Hoegi Station Hoegi Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 1, Gyeongchun Line and the Gyeongui-Jungang Line. The two island platforms are side-by-side with each other, and are connected by an overpass. This is the closest station to Kyung Hee University K ...
and the Jungang Line from
Hoegi Station Hoegi Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 1, Gyeongchun Line and the Gyeongui-Jungang Line. The two island platforms are side-by-side with each other, and are connected by an overpass. This is the closest station to Kyung Hee University K ...
to
Deokso Station Deokso Station is a train station on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line, South Korea. It was the eastern terminus of the Jungang Line commuter rail system prior to the opening of Paldang Station, and some trains still travel up to this station, before h ...
open and are renamed to the separate Yongsan-Deokso Line. This service was the predecessor to the current Jungang Line. :December 21: Dongmyo Station is opened. :December 27: Sema and Osan College Stations are opened. 2006 :June 30: Jinwi and Jije Stations are opened. :July 1: Garibong Station is renamed to Gasan Digital Complex. :December 15: 8 stations from
Soyosan Soyosan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its area extends across the cities of Pocheon and Dongducheon. It has an elevation of .An 2004, p.328. The mountain is home to two Buddhist shrines commemorating Silla priests Wonhyo and Uisan ...
to Uijeongbu Bukbu are opened as a northward extension. A spur line to Gwangmyeong Station is created. Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is renamed to Ganeung. 2007 :December 28:
Deokgye Station Deokgye Station is a train station on Line 1 of the Seoul Subway. It opened in December 2007. Platforms * Platform 1: to Ganeung / Seoul Station / Incheon * Platform 2: to Soyosan Soyosan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its area ...
is opened. 2008 :December 15: 6 stations from
Cheonan Cheonan (; 천안시, ''Cheonan-si''), also spelled Ch'ŏnan, is a city in South Chungcheong, South Korea. Cheonan has a population of 666,417 (2018), making it the most-populous city or county in South Chungcheong, and the third most-populous ci ...
to Sinchang are opened as another southward extension. :December 29: Siheung Station is renamed to Geumcheon-gu Office. 2010 :January 21: Dangjeong Station is opened. :February 26:
Seodongtan Station Seodongtan Station is a station on Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. It serves the cities of Hwaseong and Osan in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The station takes its name (literally West Dongtan) from its local area of the city of Hwaseong ...
is opened. 2015 :February 3: Gyeongin Line express trains start stopping at Gaebong and
Jemulpo Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
stations. 2017 :July 6: A new limited express service was launched between Yongsan and Dongincheon stations. 2019 :December 30: All Gyeongbu Line express trains start stopping at Geumjeong and Sungkyunkwan University stations and are extended to
Cheongnyangni Cheongnyangni-dong is a neighbourhood, '' dong'' of Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul, South Korea. At this dong, there are many convenient buildings like many kinds of financial companies and banks, a branch of Lotte Department Store, and Cheongnyangni S ...
. Gyeongbu Line express trains no longer stop at Gunpo station. 2021 :October 30:
Tangjeong station Tangjeong Station ( ko, 탕정역) is a railway station on Janghang Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a metropolitan railway system consisting of 23 rapid transit, light metro, commuter rail and people m ...
opened as an in-fill station between Asan and Baebang. 2023 :December 16: Three stations from
Soyosan station Soyosan Station is a ground-level metro station on Line 1 of the Seoul Subway in Sangbongam Dong, Dongducheon, South Korea. It is named after the nearby '' Soyosan'' (587 m), a mountain beside the U.S. Army base Camp Casey. It is on this ...
to
Yeoncheon station The Gyeongwon Line is a railway line serving northeastern Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. The line is operated by Korail. The name of the line came from ''Gyeongseong'' (Seoul) and ''Wonsan'', the original terminus of the line, in what is no ...
on the Gyeongwon Line are opened as a northward extension of the line.


Rolling stock


Current

* Seoul Metro 1000 series ** Rheostat-controlled electric car (rebuilt cars) – since 1974 ** VVVF inverter-controlled electric car – since 1999 (Restricted to DC/AC neutral areas) * Korail Class 311000 ** First generation – since 1996 (Currently in process of being retired) ** Second generation – since 2003 ** Third generation – since 2005 ** Fourth generation – since 2019 (Korail Class 312000) * Korail Class 319000 (for Gwangmyeong Shuttle) – since 2006 File:SMSC_EMU_Old1000_2nd.jpg, Seoul Metro 1000 series rheostat-controlled EMU (rebuilt cars) File:Seoul Metro Line 1 train leaving Geumjeong.jpg, Seoul Metro 1000 series VVVF inverter-controlled EMU File:Korail Class 311000 EMU.jpg, Korail Class 311000 (First generation) File:Korail Class 311 (2nd generation).JPG, Korail Class 311000 (Second generation) File:Korail Class 311000 3rd A01.JPG, Korail Class 311000 (Third generation) File:Korail Class 312000.png, Korail Class 312000 (Fourth generation) File:Korail Line 1 Yeongdeungpo-Gwangmyeong shuttle train at Sindorim.jpg, Korail Class 319000


Former

* Seoul Metro 1000 series ** Rheostat-controlled electric car (1st batch) – Since 1974 *
Korail Class 1000 The Korail Class 1000 was a series of electric multiple units built in Seoul, South Korea for Seoul Subway Line 1. The cars were built in and entered service between 1974 and 1997. They were gradually retired from the late 1990s to 2020 by newer ...
** First generation – 1974-2004 (some non-driving cars lasted until 2014) ** Second generation – 1986-2017 (some non-driving cars lasted until 2019) ** Third generation – 1994-2020 File:Korail_1000_Series_Subway_Train_-_Flickr_-_skinnylawyer.jpg, Preserved Korail Class 1000 (1st batch car) File:Korail EMU series 1000(1).JPG, Korail Class 1000 (2nd batch) File:1R05 img 8784.jpg, Korail Class 1000 (3rd batch) File:Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corp old EMU 1000.jpg, Seoul Metro 1000 series (1st batch car) on Gyeongbu Line, October 1988


Depots and facilities

''(from north to south)'' * Majeon signal box between Deokye and Yangju Stations * Chang-dong Depot (shared with Line 4, operated by Seoul Metro) * Seongbuk Depot * Imun Depot * Guro Depot * Siheung Depot (actually after Oido Station on Line 4, also used for heavy maintenance of Line 1 trains owned by Korail, accessed by a crossover located after Geumjeong Station) * Byeongjeom Depot


See also

* Subways in South Korea * Seoul Metropolitan Subway


References


External links


Korail

Map, station and route finder


{{South Korea rapid transit Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines Railway lines opened in 1974 1500 V DC railway electrification 25 kV AC railway electrification