The flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( ar, علم المملكة العربية السعودية) is the flag used by the government of Saudi Arabia since 15 March 1973. It is a green flag featuring in white an Arabic inscription and a

sword A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed ti ...

. The inscription is the Islamic creed, or '' shahada'': "There is no deity but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God".

Design

The Arabic inscription on the flag, written in the calligraphic Thuluth script, is the '' shahada'' or

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

ic declaration of faith: : : ' :''"There is no deity but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God."'' The green of the flag represents Islam and the sword stands for the strictness in applying justice. The flag is manufactured with identical obverse and reverse sides, to ensure the ''shahada'' reads correctly, from right to left, from either side. The sword also points to the left on both sides, in the direction of the script. The flag is sinister hoisted, meaning that when viewed from the obverse (front) side, it is hoisted to the left of the flagpole. The usual color of the flag's green was approximated by

Album des pavillons ''Album des pavillons'', short for the ''Album des pavillons nationaux et des marques distinctives'', is a flag book published by the French Service hydrographique et océanographique de la marine (SHOM). The latest edition was published on . The ...

as Pantone 330 C, while the color used on flags at United Nations is approximately Pantone 349. At the

2012 London Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the ...

, Pantone 355 was used.Saudi Arabia
FOTW Flags Of The World, 19 January 2008. Accessed 13 May 2009.

Use

Flags at half-staff outside Central Plaza

Because the ''shahada'' is considered holy, the flag is not normally used on T-shirts or other items. Saudi Arabia protested against its inclusion on a planned

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

to be issued by

FIFA FIFA (; stands for ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ( French), meaning International Association Football Federation ) is the international governing body of association football, beach football and futsal. It was found ...

, bearing all the flags of the participants of the

2002 FIFA World Cup The 2002 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Korea Japan 2002, was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial Association football, football world championship for List of men's national association football teams, men's national teams organized by ...

. Saudi officials said that kicking the creed with the foot was completely unacceptable. Similarly, an attempt by the

U.S. military The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. The armed forces consists of six service branches: the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard. The president of the United States is the ...

to win favour with children of the Khost Province of Afghanistan by distributing footballs adorned with flags, including that of Saudi Arabia, ended in demonstrations. The flag is never lowered to half-mast as a sign of mourning, because lowering it would be considered blasphemous. Similarly, the flags of Afghanistan, Iraq and

self-declared Self-proclaimed describes a legal title that is recognized by the declaring person but not necessarily by any recognized legal authority. It can be the status of a noble title or the status of a nation. The term is used informally for anyone declari ...

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...

are also never at half-mast. The normal flag cannot be hoisted vertically according to Saudi legislation. Special vertical flags are manufactured where both the inscription (the creed) and the emblem (the sword) are rotated, although this is rare, as most Arab countries traditionally do not hoist flags vertically.

History

The precursor states to Saudi Arabia were Nejd and

Hejaz The Hejaz (, also ; ar, ٱلْحِجَاز, al-Ḥijāz, lit=the Barrier, ) is a region in the west of Saudi Arabia. It includes the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif, and Baljurashi. It is also known as the "Western Provin ...

. The state flag of Nejd followed today's Saudi flag pattern very closely. The state of Hejaz followed the patterns seen in countries like

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

and

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

. Caliphates such as the

Rashiduns , image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of ...

, the Umayyads and the

Abbasids The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

used other flags with only one color. After the Sack of Baghdad in 1258 by the Mongols, the primary caliphate became the Mamluk Sultanate. In 1517, the

Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

invaded Egypt and inherited Hejaz and ruled it until the Great Arab Revolt of 1916. From 1902 until 1921 a different Arabic inscription was used. One of the primary opponents to the Saudis was the Emirate of Jabal Shammar of the Al Rashid family in the north of the peninsula, until their defeat in 1921. File:Black flag.svg, The Black Standard was one of the flags used by the

Rashidun , image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of t ...

and Abbasiуd Caliphates File:Umayyad Flag.svg, The white flag was used by the Umayyad Caliphate and the

Fatimids The Fatimid Caliphate was an Isma'ilism, Ismaili Shia Islam, Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the ea ...

File:Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg, The yellow flag was the royal banner of the Fatimid caliph and the state flag of the Ayyubid Caliphate, which conquered what is now

File:Mameluke Flag.svg, This flag was used by the Mamluk Sultanate, which inherited Hejaz from the Ayyubids File:Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh (1902-1913).svg, Flag of the Emirate of Diriyah from 1744 to 1818 and Flag of the

Emirate of Nejd The Emirate of Nejd or Imamate of Nejd was the Second Saudi State, existing between 1824 and 1891 in Nejd, the regions of Riyadh and Ha'il of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern Arabia after the Emirate of D ...

from 1822 to 1891 and the Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh from 1902 to 1913 File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg, Flag of the Emirate of Jabal Shammar from 1835 to 1921 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg, This flag was used by the Ottoman Empire and correspondingly by Ottoman Hejaz and Arabia from 1844-

1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * ...

. The Ottomans captured Hejaz from the Mamluks in 1517. File:Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh (1902-1913).svg, Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh from 1902 to 1913 File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1927).svg, Flag of the

Idrisid Emirate of Asir The Idrisid Emirate of Asir () was a state located in the Arabian Peninsula. The Emirate was located in the geographical region of Asir and Jizan in what is now southwestern Saudi Arabia, and extending to Hodeidah, northwest of Yemen. History ...

from 1909 to 1927 File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg, Flag of the

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa The Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was the second iteration of the Third Saudi State from 1913 to 1921. It was a monarchy led by the House of Saud.Madawi Al-Rasheed. (2002). ''A History of Saudi Arabia''. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University P ...

from 1913 to 1921 File:Red flag.svg, Provisional flag of the

Kingdom of Hejaz The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz ( ar, المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية, ''Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāziyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah'') was a state in the Hejaz region in the Middle East that included the western portion of the Arabian Penins ...

from 1916 to 1917 File:Flag of Upper Asir.svg, Flag of the

Sheikdom of Upper Asir The Sheikdom of Upper Asir was an Arab state The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast ...

from 1916 to 1920 File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg, Flag of the

from 1917 to 1920, based on the flag of the Arab Revolt File:Flag of Hejaz 1920.svg, Flag of the

from 1920 to 1926 and This flag was also used by the

Sharifian Caliphate The Sharifian Caliphate of the Hejaz ( ar, الخلافة الشريفية) was an Arab Muslim caliphate proclaimed by the Sharifian rulers of the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1924, in lieu of the Ottoman Caliphate. History The idea of ...

from 1924 to 1925, before Hejaz merged with Nejd to form a union. File:Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd.svg, Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd from 1921 to 1926 File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg, Flag of Nejd as part of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd from 1926 to 1932 File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1927-1930).svg, Flag of the

from 1927 to 1930 Flag of Saudi Arabia (Hanging)

The

Al Saud The House of Saud ( ar, آل سُعُود, ʾĀl Suʿūd ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi state (1727–1818), and ...

, the ruling family of Saudi Arabia, has long been closely related with Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. He and the people who followed him, since the 18th century, had used the ''shahada'' on their flags. In 1921, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Al-Saud, leader of the Al Saud and the future founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, added a sword to this flag. The design of the flag was not standardized prior to March 15, 1973, and variants with two swords and/or a white vertical stripe at the hoist were frequently used. By 1938, the flag had basically assumed its present form, except the sword had a different design (with a more curved blade) and it, along with the ''shahada'' above, took up more of the flag's space. File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1932-1934).svg, alt=wikapidea 2003, Flag of Saudi Arabia from 1932 to 1934, with white stripe on the hoist File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1934-1938).svg, Flag of Saudi Arabia from 1934 to 1938, with a thinner white stripe File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938-1973).svg, Flag of Saudi Arabia from 1938 to 1973, with no stripe File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg, Flag of Saudi Arabia since 1973

Royal Standard

The Royal Standard consists of a green flag, with an Arabic inscription and a sword featured in white, and with the national emblem embroidered in gold in the lower right canton of the year 1973. The script on the flag is written in the

Thuluth script ''Thuluth'' ( ar, ثُلُث, ' or ar, خَطُّ الثُّلُثِ, '; fa, ثلث, ''Sols''; Turkish: ''Sülüs'', from ' "one-third") is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new sc ...

. It is the '' shahada'' or Islamic declaration of faith: : : ' :''There is no deity but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God'' File:Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia.svg, Royal Flag of the King of Saudi Arabia. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Royal Standard of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.svg, Royal Standard of the King of Saudi Arabia. (Ratio: 1:1) File:Royal Standard of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia.svg, Royal Flag of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Royal Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938-1953).svg, Royal Flag of the King (1938-1953)
(Ratio: 2:3) File:Royal Banner of Saudi Arabia (1938-1953).svg, Royal Banner of the King (1938-1953)
(Ratio: 12:25) File:Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia (1938-1953).svg, Royal Standard of the King (1938-1953)
(Ratio: 1:1) File:Royal Flag of Saudi Arabia (1953-1964).svg, Royal Flag of the King (1953-1964)
(Ratio: 2:3) File:Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia (1953-1964).svg, Royal Standard of the King (1953-1964)
(Ratio: 1:1) File:Royal Flag of Saudi Arabia (1964-1973).svg, Royal Flag of the King (1964-1973)
(Ratio: 2:3) File:Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia (1964-1973).svg, Royal Standard of the King (1964-1973)
(Ratio: 1:1)

Other flags

The civil ensign, for use by merchant vessels at sea, is a green flag with the state flag in the

canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ent ...

with a white border. The royal standard is the state flag with the palm tree and swords in the canton. File:Civil Ensign of Saudi Arabia (obverse).svg, Civil ensign. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Civil Ensign of Saudi Arabia.svg, Civil ensign. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Flag of the Royal Saudi Land Forces.png,

Flag of the Royal Saudi Land Forces A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employ ...

. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Force (Seal).svg, Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Force (Seal). (Ratio: 2:3) File:Air Force Ensign of Saudi Arabia.svg, Ensign of the Royal Saudi Air Force (Roundel). (Ratio: 2:3) File:Naval base flag of the Royal Saudi Navy.svg, Flag of the Royal Saudi Naval Forces. (Ratio: 2:3) File:Naval Ensign of Saudi Arabia.svg, Naval Ensign of Saudi Arabia. (Ratio: 12:25) File:Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces.svg, Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Defense Force (Ratio: 2:3) File:Flag of the Ministry of Interior of Saudi Arabia.svg, Flag of the Ministry of Interior. (Ratio: 2:3)

References

External links

*
World Flags Information, Saudi Arabian page

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flag Of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia National symbols of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia