Dodol Garut Cihampelas Bandung.JPG
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''Dodol'' is a sweet toffee-like
sugar palm Sugar palm is a common name for several species of palms used to produce sugar. :Species used include: *''Arenga pinnata'' (syn. ''A. saccharifera'') *''Borassus flabellifer'' *''Caryota'' :*'' Caryota urens'' *''Cocos nucifera'' See also *Toddy ...
-based confection commonly found in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Originating from the culinary traditions of Indonesia, it is also popular in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, Tamilnadu, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Burma, where it is called ''mont kalama''. It is made from
coconut milk Coconut milk is an opaque, milky-white liquid extracted from the grated pulp of mature coconuts. The opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are due to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. Coconut milk is a traditional food i ...
,
jaggery Jaggery is a traditional non-centrifugal cane sugar consumed in the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often date or palm sap without separation of the molasses and crystals, and can ...
, and rice flour, and is sticky, thick, and sweet.


History

It's mentioned in Gemekan inscription dated from the year 852 Saka or 930 CE originated from the Medang Kingdom period, right side line 23-24: ''"nañjapan, kurawu, kurima, asam, dwadwal, kapwa madulur malariḥ"'' (and snacks, such as ''kurawu'', ''kurima'', tamarind, dodol, all are illuminated and approach). The history of dodol production is closely related to one of its main ingredients, ''gula aren'' or
palm sugar Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree. Palm sugar is sometimes qualified by the type of palm, as in coconut palm sugar. While sugars from different palms may have slightly different compositions, all are processed s ...
, a traditional sugar made from the sap of '' Arenga pinnata'' plant, and also rice flour. It is a popular sweet treat and one of the oldest indigenous sweets developed in the Maritime Southeast Asia. The exact origin of dodol is unclear; while there is a remarkable diversity in preparations of the product within the island communities of Java and Sumatra, the variants tend to be adaptations of post-colonial crops. "Dodol" is a word of Sundanese origin, whereas in Javanese it is called ''jenang''. Dodol is believed to have been introduced to Southern India and Sri Lanka by migrants from Indonesia. It has also been attributed to the Portuguese, who occupied parts of the country during the 16th and 17th centuries. Several dodol recipes have been developed in Sri Lanka, such as
kalu dodol Kalu dodol ( si, කලු දොදොල්, Tamil: தொடோல்) is a sweet dish, a type of dodol that is popular in Sri Lanka. The dark and sticky dish consists mainly of kithul jaggery (from the sap of the toddy palm), rice flour and ...
. Dodol is very famous recipe in Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu. It was possibly believed to introduce by Sri Lankan Muslim immigrants. Dodol is a traditional Christmas dessert in Goa.


Cultural significance

In
Muslim majority countries The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In ...
, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, dodol is commonly served during festivals, such as
Eid ul-Fitr , nickname = Festival of Breaking the Fast, Lesser Eid, Sweet Eid, Sugar Feast , observedby = Muslims , type = Islamic , longtype = Islamic , significance = Commemoration to mark the end of fasting in Ramadan , dat ...
and Eid al-Adha as sweet treats for children. The Betawi people take pride in making homemade dodol during the Lebaran (Eid ul-Fitr), where family members will gather together to make dodol. Traditional home made dodol Betawi production center is located in Pasar Minggu area, South Jakarta. Dodol is also popular among the
Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
from the Indian west coast, also known as the former Estado da Índia Portuguesa, which includes East Indians from Mumbai, the state of Goa, and the city of Mangalore. Dodol Hj Ideris manufactures ''dodol'' and the company has now entered the Middle Eastern market, including Iran. Catholic devotees from Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Philippines celebrates the ''Guling-Guling Festival'' a religious festival which “dudol” is one of the main delicacy. Is a traditional festival, started during Spanish era by Spanish priest at the beginning of the 16th century. It is celebrated at the UNESCO world heritage site Paoay Church or San Agustin Church, the Tuesday before the
Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesday is a holy day of prayer and fasting in many Western Christian denominations. It is preceded by Shrove Tuesday and falls on the first day of Lent (the six weeks of penitence before Easter). It is observed by Catholics in the Rom ...
—the last day for merrymaking before the start of the Lenten season. Locals dress and furnish their homes in a local way. Street festivities, cultural performances, pageants, and a food fair featuring Ilocano cuisine are all available to tourists. The celebration starts with a ritual called “Guling.” This word can be translated as “mark” or “sign.” In the old days, the mayor of the town smeared people’s foreheads with a white cross made of wet rice flour. A related dessert in the Philippines is known as '' kalamay'' (literally "sugar"), which is made from
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
sugar instead of palm sugar. It also has a liquid consistency unlike ''dodol'', since it uses ground
glutinous rice Glutinous rice (''Oryza sativa var. glutinosa''; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia, and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains, very low amylose ...
rather than rice flour. However, the basic ingredients and preparation is similar. In Ilocos Region, Dudol makes for the perfect symbol of the Ilocano food heritage, It signifying solidarity, sticking together and will help enhance and deepen family ties if you eat dudol. Although it is also popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Southern India, dudol is a classic delicacy found in the Philippines' Ilocos Region. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, it is supposed to have passed through the Malay and Indian settlements on the coastal towns of the Ilocos region. Ilocano dudol is consisting of “diket” rice flour, coconut milk, and “benńal” sugarcane juice. In Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago of the southern Philippines, ''dodol'' or ''dudul'' is more similar to the Indonesian and Malaysian variants and is known by the same name. It is usually prepared into thick cylinders wrapped in corn husks or coloured cellophane that is then cut into disks before serving. Although, like the ''kalamay'', Filipino dodol is made with ground glutinous rice paste and '' muscovado'' sugarcane sugar, not palm sugar.


Preparation

Dodol is made from
coconut milk Coconut milk is an opaque, milky-white liquid extracted from the grated pulp of mature coconuts. The opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are due to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. Coconut milk is a traditional food i ...
,
jaggery Jaggery is a traditional non-centrifugal cane sugar consumed in the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often date or palm sap without separation of the molasses and crystals, and can ...
, and rice flour, and is sticky, thick, and sweet. The cooking process would reduce the contents up to half as the liquid evaporates. It normally takes up to 9 hours to cook. During the entire cooking process, the dodol must be constantly stirred in a big wok. Pausing in between would cause it to burn, spoiling the taste and aroma. The dodol is completely cooked when it is firm, and does not stick to one's fingers when touching it.


Variants


Indonesia

There is a diverse variety of dodol recipes found in Indonesia. The town of
Garut Garut is a district and town in West Java of Indonesia, and the former capital of Garut Regency. It is located about 75 km to the southeast of the major city of Bandung. History The modern history of Garut started on March 2, 1811 when Balub ...
in West Java is the main production center of dodol in Indonesia. Many flavours of dodol are available, including a
durian The durian (, ) is the edible fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus ''Durio''. There are 30 recognised ''Durio'' species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. ''Durio zibethinus'', native to Borneo and Sumatra, is the onl ...
flavor called ''lempuk'', which is popular in Medan and other Sumatran cities. A major producer of Garut-style dodol incorporates chocolate as an ingredient into a specialized variant product, with the intention of producing edible souvenirs from the city called 'chocodot' or chocolate dodol. Other variants include: * ''Dodol bengkoang'' contains jicama. * ''Dodol kacang hijau'' contains mung beans. * ''Dodol tape'' contains
tapai ''Tapai'' (also ''tapay'' or ''tape'') is a traditional fermented preparation of rice or other starchy foods, and is found throughout much of Southeast Asia, especially in Austronesian cultures, and parts of East Asia. It refers to both the ...
, a fermented rice product * ''Dodol ubi talam'' contains
yam Yam or YAM may refer to: Plants and foods *Yam (vegetable), common name for members of ''Dioscorea'' * Taro, known in Malaysia and Singapore as yam * Sweet potato, specifically its orange-fleshed cultivars, often referred to as yams in North Amer ...
. * ''Dodol sirsak'' contains
soursop Soursop (also called ''graviola, guyabano'', and in Hispanic America, ''guanábana'') is the fruit of ''Annona muricata'', a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. It is native to the tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean and is wid ...
. * ''Dodol nangka'' contains jackfruit. * ''Dodol lidah buaya'' contains
aloe vera ''Aloe vera'' () is a succulent plant species of the genus ''Aloe''. It is widely distributed, and is considered an invasive species in many world regions. An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but grows wild in tro ...
. * ''Dodol apel Malang'' contains apple, and is a speciality of
Malang Malang (; ) is a landlocked List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of East Java. It has a history dating back to the age of Singhasari, Singhasari Kingdom. It is the second most popul ...
city, East Java. * ''Dodol susu'' is from
Pangalengan Pangalengan is a district (''Kecamatan'') in the Bandung Regency, Indonesia. It is located south of the major West Java city of Bandung. Main industries of the Pangalengan district include dairy farming and tourism, the latter arising from the po ...
,
Bandung Bandung ( su, ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Bandung, ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Java. It has a population of 2,452,943 within its city limits according to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth most ...
, West Java. It contains milk. * ''Dodol tomat'' contains tomato. * ''Dodol salak'' contains
salak Salak (''Salacca zalacca'') is a species of palm tree (family Arecaceae) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It is cultivated in other regions of Indonesia as a food crop, and reportedly naturalized in Bali, Lombok, Timor, Maluku, and Sul ...
. * ''Dodol rumput laut'' contains
seaweed Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of '' Rhodophyta'' (red), ''Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as ...
. * ''Dodol pisang'' contains
banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...
. * ''Dodol nenas'' contains pineapple. * ''Dodol mangga'' contains
mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree ''Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South a ...
. * ''Dodol China'' is an Indonesian Chinese version of sweet '' nian gao'' with rich coconut sugar. * ''Dodol Betawi'' is made by the Betawi people in
Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
from a mixture of white and black glutinous rice.


In culture

In colloquial Indonesian, dodol can also be used as a slang term for the word 'bodoh' to refer a person as being 'stupid' or 'illogical'. It is impolite to refer a person as 'dodol'.


See also

* Mochi *
Caramel candy Caramel ( or ) is an orange-brown confectionery product made by heating a range of sugars. It can be used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons, or as a topping for ice cream and custard. The process of caramelization ...
* Butterscotch * Kalamay * Nian gao * Nougat * Kulolo


References


External links


Dodol Indonesian sticky caramel toffee dessert
a video from eastcodeTravel
Recipe
{{Thai cuisine Indonesian snack foods Sri Lankan desserts and sweets Malaysian cuisine Philippine desserts Malay cuisine Goan cuisine Confectionery Foods containing coconut Burmese cuisine Burmese desserts and snacks