Family 13
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Family 13, also known as the Ferrar Group (''ƒ'', von Soden calls the group I), is a group of
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words an ...
manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printing, printed or repr ...
s, dating from the 11th to the 15th centuries, which share a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially placing the parable of
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery Jesus and the woman taken in adultery (or the ) is a passage ( pericope) found in John 7:53– 8:11 of the New Testament. It has been the subject of much scholarly discussion. In the passage, Jesus was teaching in the Second Temple after co ...
in the
Gospel of Luke The Gospel of Luke), or simply Luke (which is also its most common form of abbreviation). tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ. Together with the Acts of the Apostles, it makes up a two-volu ...
, rather than in
John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...
7:53-8:11. The text of Luke 22:43-44 is placed after Matt 26:39. The text of Matthew 16:2b–3 is absent. All are thought to derive from a lost
majuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
Gospel manuscript, probably from the 7th century. The group takes its name from
minuscule 13 Minuscule 13 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 368 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, containing the four Gospels. Using the study of ...
, now in Paris. The group has an affinity with Syriac manuscripts, of which a notable example is Matthew 1:16, where the Ferrar group has the same reading as Curetonian Syriac. The common characteristics of Family 13 were initially identified in a group of four witnesses (minuscules 13, 69, 124, and 346); but the category has subsequently been extended, and some authorities list thirteen family members. Prior to the publication of Reuben Swanson's "New Testament Greek Manuscripts" in 1995, Swanson misidentified minuscule 1346 as a member of family 13. The most obvious characteristic of the group is that these manuscripts place John 7:53-8:11 after Luke 21:38, or elsewhere in Luke's Gospel. Using the study of comparative writing styles (
palaeography Palaeography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, UK) or paleography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, US; ultimately from grc-gre, , ''palaiós'', "old", and , ''gráphein'', "to write") ...
), most of the manuscripts in the family (with the exception of
Minuscule 69 Minuscule 69 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 505 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), known as the ''Codex Leicester'', or ''Codex Leicestrensis'', is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the ...
) appear to have been written by scribes trained in Southern Italy.


History

Textual critic
Johann Jakob Wettstein Johann Jakob Wettstein (also Wetstein; 5 March 1693 – 23 March 1754) was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic. Biography Youth and study Johann Jakob Wettstein was born in Basel. Among his tutors in theology was Samuel We ...
observed close affinity between minuscules 13 and 69. The affinity between minuscules 124 and 13 was remarked by Treschow and its resemblance to minuscule 69 by
Andreas Birch Andreas Birch (November 6, 1758 – October 25, 1829) was a professor from Copenhagen.Fr. NielsenBiografii 1. '' Dansk biografisk leksikon'', edited by C.F. Bricka, 2. volume, page 280, Gyldendal, 1887–1905 Birch was sent in 1781–1783 by the ...
. The first published account of Family 13 appeared in the year 1877, in a book published by
T. K. Abbott Reverend Thomas Kingsmill Abbott (26 March 1829 – 18 December 1913) was an Irish scholar and educator. Abbott was born in Dublin and was educated at Trinity College. He was elected a scholar in 1848, graduated in 1851 as a senior moderator in ma ...
on behalf of his deceased colleague (and discoverer of Family 13),
William Hugh Ferrar William Hugh Ferrar (1826–1871), a Latinist, was a classical Irish scholar at Trinity College Dublin. In 1868, Ferrar discovered that four medieval manuscripts. Namely minuscules 13, 69, 124, and 346, were closely related texts. They are des ...
. Before his death, Ferrar collated four minuscules (Greek handwritten cursive texts) to definitively demonstrate that they all shared a common origin. His work, ''
A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels ''A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels'', full title: ''A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels: With a View to Prove Their Common Origin, and to Restore the Text of Their Archetype''. The book was published in ...
'', would be the first scientific attempt to discover the lost
archetype The concept of an archetype (; ) appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology, and literary analysis. An archetype can be any of the following: # a statement, pattern of behavior, prototype, "first" form, or a main model that ot ...
of these four minuscules. The four minuscules Ferrar collated are: *
Minuscule 13 Minuscule 13 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 368 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, containing the four Gospels. Using the study of ...
(in the
Bibliothèque nationale de France The Bibliothèque nationale de France (, 'National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository ...
at Paris, France), *
Minuscule 69 Minuscule 69 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 505 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), known as the ''Codex Leicester'', or ''Codex Leicestrensis'', is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the ...
(in the Leicestershire County Record Office,
Leicester Leicester ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city, Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. It is the largest settlement in the East Midlands. The city l ...
, UK), *
Minuscule 124 Minuscule 124 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1211 ( Von Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, on 188 thick parchment leaves (21.7 by 18.8 cm). The manuscript has been palaeographically assigne ...
(in
Vienna, Austria en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
), and *
Minuscule 346 Minuscule 346 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 226 (in the Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. Using the study of comparative ...
(in the
Ambrosian Library The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery. Named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it was founded in 1609 by Cardinal Federico Borromeo, whose agent ...
in
Milan, Italy Milan ( , , Lombard language, Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the List of cities in Italy, second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4  ...
). Ferrar transcribed two of these minuscules himself, accepting a previous transcription of 69 done by another person as trustworthy and adequate. He accepted a handmade copy of 124 from the hand of Dr. Ceriani, the Conservator of the Ambrosian Library at the time. The result of his work demonstrates the members of Family 13 do indeed seem to share a common pattern of distinctive shared readings not seen in other manuscripts. In 1913, textual critic
Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...
’s work on the Greek New Testament seemed to confirm the assertion this family descended from a common archetype. By 1941, biblical scholar and textual critic Kirsopp and his wife Silva Lake turned their attention to this important family of manuscripts. In their work on the
Gospel of Mark The Gospel of Mark), or simply Mark (which is also its most common form of abbreviation). is the second of the four canonical gospels and of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells of the ministry of Jesus from his baptism by John the Baptist to h ...
entitled ''Family 13 (The Ferrar Group): The Text According to Mark'', the family is characterized as consisting of 10 manuscripts (13, 69, 124, 346, 543,
788 __NOTOC__ Year 788 ( DCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 788 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in ...
, 826,
828 __NOTOC__ Year 828 ( DCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Siege of Syracuse: The Muslims under Asad ibn al-Furat defeat ...
, 983, and 1689). In this monograph, the Lakes thoroughly cover all that was then known about the origin of each of these manuscripts. Some of the manuscripts proposed as belonging to Family 13 appear to have links to
Calabria , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...
in Southern
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
(mss 13, 124, 174, 230), and one to
Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
(ms. 1689); manuscripts 124 and 174 are recorded as having been written in Calabria, and most of the family members recording
menologion Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν ''m ...
(verses from the New Testament arranged by month) readings for Calabrian saints. Some family members have common supplemental geographical material that appears to derive from a 7th-century original. In 1961,
Jacob Geerlings Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Jacob in Islam, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel (name), Israel, is regarded as a Patriarchs (Bible), patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religi ...
published three
monographs A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph ...
(
Matthew Matthew may refer to: * Matthew (given name) * Matthew (surname) * ''Matthew'' (ship), the replica of the ship sailed by John Cabot in 1497 * ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith * Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Ch ...
,
Luke People *Luke (given name), a masculine given name (including a list of people and characters with the name) *Luke (surname) (including a list of people and characters with the name) *Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luke. Also known as ...
, and
John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...
) on the family, although some scholars regard this work as flawed by serious methodological problems. Today, the family supposedly consists of at least fourteen members (13, 69, 124,
174 Year 174 ( CLXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 927 '' Ab urbe condi ...
,
230 Year 230 (Roman numerals, CCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Agricola and Clementinus (or, less frequently, year ...
, 346, 543, 788, 826, 828, 983, 1346, 1689, and 1709), although the most recent work of Drs. Barbara Aland,
Klaus Wachtel Klaus is a German, Dutch and Scandinavian given name and surname. It originated as a short form of Nikolaus, a German form of the Greek given name Nicholas. Notable persons whose family name is Klaus * Billy Klaus (1928–2006), American baseb ...
, and others at the ''Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' in Münster, Germany, imply that some of these family members are more similar to the majority
Byzantine Text In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testamen ...
, and therefore should not be included in this family at all. Research recently completed using phylogenetic software by Dr. Jac Perrin (through the auspices of ITSEE - Institute for Textual Scholarship and Electronic Editing at the University of Birmingham, UK) agrees with the conclusions of the Münster team that although the Albanian manuscripts 1141 and 2900 both contain some F13 readings, neither meet the full criteria of F13 membership. In his dissertation on the topic, Perrin lists the current family members as GA 13, 69, 124, 346, 543, 788, 826, 828, 983, and 1689. All of these manuscripts (except 1689) are without the ''Pericope Adulterae'' in St. John's Gospel. Most of them relocate the passage after Luke 21:38. This agrees with the historical criteria first established by Ferrar-Abbott in their 1887 publication. Perrin lists 590 distinct and significant non-Majority Text readings in St. John's Gospel which identify F13 and contends in his dissertation, that relocation of the PA from John to Luke is an inadequate criterion for F13 filiality. Codex 1709 is held in the national archive at
Tirana Tirana ( , ; aln, Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea ...
,
Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
; which also holds some 46 other medieval Greek New Testament manuscripts, most of which remained uncollated and unpublished until 2008 - when they were photographed by a team from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (Dallas, Texas). A press release from
CSNTM The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to digitally preserve Greek New Testament manuscripts. Toward that end, CSNTM takes digital photographs of manuscripts at institu ...
in March 2008 reported that "one or two" of these previously unstudied manuscripts may also belong to family 13; in which case they would be the earliest surviving witnesses to this text. In 1924
Burnett Hillman Streeter Burnett Hillman Streeter (1874–1937) was an English Anglican theologian, biblical scholar, and textual critic. Life Streeter was born in Croydon, London, on 17 November 1874 and educated at The Queen's College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1 ...
proposed that Family 13 should be classified as one branch of a distinct
Caesarean text-type In textual criticism of the New Testament, Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Koine Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but wh ...
, differing in a number of common respects from the then established
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
,
Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...
and
Alexandrian text-type In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. Over 5,8 ...
s. This view is supported by some, but not all, subsequent scholars.


Notable readings

Matthew 1:16 : ω μνηστευθεισα παρθενος Μαριαμ εγεννησεν Ιησουν τον λεγομενον χριστον (''to whom the virgin Mary had been betrothed, begat Jesus, the one called Christ'') — ƒ Θ Matthew 27:35 : τα ιματια μου εαυτοις, και επι τον ιματισμον μου εβαλον κληρον — ƒ Δ Θ 0250 ƒ 537. 1424. Mark 9:41 : επι τω ονοματι μου (''upon my name'') — ƒ 1344. 𝑙 ''44''mg syrpal : εν ονοματι (''in the name'') — א A B C* K L Π Ψ ƒ 892.
Peshitta The Peshitta ( syc, ܦܫܺܝܛܬܳܐ ''or'' ') is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition, including the Maronite Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, ...
: εν τω ονοματι μου (''in my name'') — D Δ Θ 28 565
700 The denomination 700 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Avar and Slavic tribes conq ...
1009. 1216. 1242. 2174. 𝑙 ''10'' 𝑙 ''32'' 𝑙 ''185'' 𝑙 ''313'' 𝑙 ''950'' 𝑙 ''1231'' 𝑙 ''1579''mg 𝑙 ''1599''mg : εν ονοματι μου (''in my name'') — א* C W X Π2 1010. 1195. 1230. 1253. 1365. 1646. 2148. 𝔐 Lect Luke 11:4 : καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμοί (''and may we not be brought into temptation'') — 1346. John 8:7 : αναβλεψας - ƒ U Λ
700 The denomination 700 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Avar and Slavic tribes conq ...
1424.mg John 12:5 : διακοσιων - ƒ 579. 1424. John 15:16 : (''this I shall do, so the Father may be glorified by the Son'') - ƒΝΑ26, p. 301


See also

*
Family 1 Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library, Switzerland. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Grou ...
*
Caesarean text-type In textual criticism of the New Testament, Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Koine Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but wh ...


References


Bibliography

* T.K. Abbott
''On an Attempt to Restore Uncial Ms. of the Gospels''
Hermathena vol. I, 1874, pp. 313–331. * J. Rendel Harris, ''On the Origin of the Ferrar Group'', (Cambridge, 1893). * J. Rendel Harris
''Further researches into the history of the Ferrar-group''
(1900) * ollates 13, 69, 124, and 346 in the Gospels* Soden, Hermann. ''Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte.'' Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1913. * Geerlings, Jacob.'' Family 13 – The Ferrar Group: The Text According to Matthew'', Studies and Documents 19, 1961. * Ibid for Luke, Studies and Documents 20, 1961. * Ibid for John, Studies and Documents 21, 1962. * Barbara Aland and Klaus Wachtel. ''Text und Textwert der Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments, Volume V., Das Johannesevangelium, Testellenkollation der Kapital 1-10 Band 1.1, and 1.2.'' New York: De Gruyter, 2005. *
Bruce M. Metzger Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who served on the board of the ...

''The Caesarean Text of the Gospels''
Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1945), pp. 457–489. * Reuben Swanson

Title: New Testament Greek Manuscripts - Luke, Publisher: William Carey Int'l Univ Press (August 1, 1998), , , pp. ix.


External links


Family 13
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Greek New Testament Manuscripts in Albania: Press Release
{Dead link, date=January 2022 , bot=InternetArchiveBot , fix-attempted=yes
Gospel of Matthew according to Ferrar Group
- J Geerlings
Gospel of Mark according to Ferrar Group
- Kirsopp Lake, K. Lake
Gospel of Luke according to Ferrar Group
- J Geerlings
Gospel of John according to Ferrar Group
- J Geerlings Greek New Testament manuscripts