was the 92nd

emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1287 through 1298.

Name

Before his ascension to the

Chrysanthemum Throne The is the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace. Various other thrones or seats that are used by the Emperor during official functions ...

, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . Although the Roman-alphabet spelling of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as the personal name of the 20th century

Emperor Shōwa Emperor , commonly known in English-speaking countries by his personal name , was the 124th emperor of Japan, ruling from 25 December 1926 until his death in 1989. Hirohito and his wife, Empress Kōjun, had two sons and five daughters; he was ...

, the

kanji are the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese family of scripts, Chinese script and used in the writing of Japanese language, Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese ...

are different: * Emperor Fushimi, formerly Prince Hirohito (熈仁) * Emperor Shōwa, also known as Emperor Hirohito (裕仁)

Genealogy

He was the second son of

Emperor Go-Fukakusa was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Ninmyō and ''go-'' (後), translates literall ...

. They were from the Jimyōin-tō line. *Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara) Shoshi (西園寺（藤原）鏱子) later Eifukumon’In (永福門院), Saionji Sanekane‘s daughter *Consort: Tōin (Fujiwara) Sueko (洞院（藤原）季子) later Kenshinmon-in (顕親門院; 1265-1336), Tōin Saneo‘s daughter **First daughter: Imperial Princess Jushi (甝子内親王; 1287-1310）later Sakuheimon-in (朔平門院） **Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Kansho (寛性入道親王; 1289-1346） **Third daughter: Imperial Princess Enshi (延子内親王; b.1291）later Enmeimon-in (延明門院) **Fourth son: Imperial Prince Tomihito (富仁親王) later

Emperor Hanazono was the 95th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1308 through 1318. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was Tomihito''-s ...

*Lady-in-waiting: Itsutsuji (Fujiwara) Tsuneko (五辻（藤原）経子; d.1324), Itsutsuji Tsuneuji‘s daughter **First son: Imperial Prince Tanehito (胤仁親王) later

Emperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1298 to 1301. This 13th-century sovereign was named after his father, Emperor Fushimi and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as ...

*Court Lady: Toin (Fujiwara) Eiko (洞院（藤原）英子), Tōin Kinmune’s daughter **Second daughter: Imperial Princess Shigeko (誉子内親王) later Shogakumon’in (章義門院) *Court Lady: Ogimachi Moriko (正親町守子), Ogimachi Michiakira’s daughter ** Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kan’in (寛胤法親王) ** Son: Imperial Prince Priest Doki (道凞法親王) *Lady-in-waiting: Gondainagon-no-Tsubone (権大納言局), Nakanoin Tomouji’s daughter ** Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Son’go (尊悟入道親王; 1299-1359） *Naishi: Miyoshi Hirako (三善衡子), Miyoshi Toshihira’s daughter ** Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Son'en (尊円法親王; 1298-1356） * Fujiwara Shigemichi’s daughter ** Seventh Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonki (尊凞法親王) *Court Lady: Kasuga-no-Tsubone (春日局) ** Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest E’jo (恵助法親王; 1289-1328） *Court Lady: Nishi-no-Kata (西御方) ** Eighth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Seijin (聖珍法親王) His name comes from the palace of the Jimyōin-tō.

Biography

Hirohito''-shinnō'' was named

Crown Prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wi ...

and heir to his first cousin, the Daikakuji-tō

Emperor Go-Uda was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1274 through 1287. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Uda and ''go-'' (後), translates literall ...

. Political maneuvering by Fushimi's father, the Jimyōin-tō

, was a crucial factor in this choice. In the year 1287 (''

Kōan A (; , ; ko, 화두, ; vi, công án) is a story, dialogue, question, or statement which is used in Zen practice to provoke the "great doubt" and to practice or test a student's progress in Zen. Etymology The Japanese term is the Sino-J ...

10, 10th month''), in the 13th year of Go-Uda''-tennō''s reign (後宇多天皇十三年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Fushimi is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). After this, there was a short period of time in which the two lines alternated power. Two years later, the retired

ended his reign as

Cloistered Emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

, and Fushimi took direct control. In 1289, by making his own son (the future

) Crown Prince, he increased the antagonism of the Daikakuji line. In 1290, the family of Asawara Tameyori made an assassination attempt on the Emperor. During his reign, efforts were made by the noble families to defeat the government, but the power of the

Bakufu , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura ...

increased. In 1298, Fushimi abdicated and began his reign as

cloistered emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

. Three years later, in 1301, the Daikakuji Line rallied and forced

to abdicate. In 1308, his co-operation with the Bakufu succeeding, his fourth son's enthronement as

took place, and he again became

cloistered Emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

. During Fushimi's reign, the alternating plan for the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines had not yet come into being, and the two lines fought each other for the throne. * 1313 ('' Shōwa 2, 10th month''): Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk; and the power to administer the court of reigning Emperor Hanazono shifted to his adopted son, former-

. In 1317, former-Emperor Fushimi died; but his son, Emperor Hanazono, did not participate in formal mourning rites for him. This was unprecedented; but this was rationalized with the explanation that Hanozono had become the adopted "son" of his older brother, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi. Fushimi is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called ''Fukakusa no kita no misasagi'' (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

Kugyō

is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the

Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

in pre- Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted. In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Fushimi's reign, this apex of the ''

Daijō-kan The , also known as the Great Council of State, was (i) (''Daijō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's premodern Imperial government under the Ritsuryō legal system during and after the Nara period or (ii) (''Dajō-kan'') the highest organ of J ...

included: * '' Kampaku'',

Nijō Morotada was a Japanese ''kugyō'' (court noble) of the Kamakura period. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834)''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' p. 270 He was a member of the Nijō family, which was a branch of the Fujiwara clan. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Nij ...

, 1287–1289 * ''Kampaku'', Konoe Iemoto, 1289–1291 * ''Kampaku'',

Kujō Tadanori , son of regent Tadaie, was a '' kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period. He held a regent position kampaku from 1291 to 1293. Moronori and Fusazane were his sons. Family * Father: Kujō Tadaie * Mother: Sanjō Kinfusa’s daug ...

, 1291–1293 * ''Kampaku'', Konoe Iemoto, 1293–1296 * ''Kampaku'',

Takatsukasa Kanetada , son of Kanehira, was a court noble ('' kugyo'') of the Kamakura period The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Y ...

, 1296–1298 * '' Sadaijin'' * ''

Udaijin was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''udaijin'' in the context of a central administ ...

'' * ''

Nadaijin The , literally meaning "Inner Minister", was an ancient office in the Japanese Imperial Court. Its role, rank and authority varied throughout the pre- Meiji period of Japanese history, but in general remained as a significant post under the Ta ...

'' * ''

Dainagon was a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Dainag ...

Eras of Fushimi's reign

The years of Fushimi's reign are more specifically identified by more than one

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of ...

or ''

nengō The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...

''.Titsingh, p. 269. * ''

'' (1278–1288) * '' Shōō'' (1288–1293) * ''

Einin was a after '' Shōō'' and before ''Shōan.'' This period spanned the years from August 1293 through April 1299. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * 1293 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The ...

'' (1293–1299)

Ancestry

Notes

References

* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959)
''The Imperial House of Japan''.
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society
OCLC 194887
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). '' Nihon Ōdai Ichiran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Varley, H. Paul. (1980)
''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns''.
New York: Columbia University Press.
OCLC 5914584
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fushimi Japanese emperors 1265 births 1317 deaths

Emperor Fushimi was the 92nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1287 through 1298. Name Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . Although the ...

13th-century Japanese monarchs 14th-century Japanese people 13th-century Japanese calligraphers 14th-century Japanese calligraphers Japanese Buddhist monarchs Japanese retired emperors Kamakura period Buddhist clergy