Duke of Sutherland's Railway
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The Duke of Sutherland's Railway was a railway in
Sutherland Sutherland ( gd, Cataibh) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in the Highlands of Scotland. Its county town is Dornoch. Sutherland borders Caithness and Moray Firth to the east, Ross-shire and Cromartyshire (later ...
, Scotland, built by the 3rd Duke of Sutherland. The
Sutherland Railway The Sutherland Railway was a railway company authorised in 1865 to build a line from Bonar Bridge station to Brora, a distance of nearly 33 miles, in the north of Scotland. This was to be continuation of a route from Inverness to Bonar Bridge tha ...
had opened in 1868, terminating at
Golspie Golspie ( , gd, Goillspidh) is a village and parish in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland, which lies on the North Sea coast in the shadow of Ben Bhraggie. It has a population of around 1,350. History The name derives from the Norse for "gull ...
. The Duke continued the line to
Helmsdale Helmsdale ( sco, Helmsdal, gd, Bun Ilidh) is a village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland (council area), Highland council area of Scotland. The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from ...
from his own resources. It opened from a
Dunrobin Castle Dunrobin Castle (mostly 1835–1845 — present) is a stately home in Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland, as well as the family seat of the Earl of Sutherland and the Clan Sutherland. It is located north of Golspie and approximatel ...
station to West Helmsdale in 1870, and for some months the Duke had it operated as a private railway. In 1871 the line was completed from Golspie to Helmsdale, and operated as a part of the
Highland Railway The Highland Railway (HR) was one of the smaller United Kingdom, British railways before the Railways Act 1921, operating north of Perth railway station, Scotland, Perth railway station in Scotland and serving the farthest north of Britain. Base ...
. It was absorbed into the Highland Railway in 1884 and continues in use today as part of the
Far North Line The Far North Line is a rural railway line entirely within the Highland area of Scotland, extending from Inverness to Thurso and Wick. As the name suggests, it is the northernmost railway in the United Kingdom. The line is entirely single-trac ...
.


Inverness to Golspie

Interests in Inverness pressed to get a railway connection to Central Scotland and the south. The engineer
Joseph Mitchell Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...
was dynamic in showing how this could be done, starting with what became the
Inverness and Nairn Railway The Inverness and Nairn Railway was a railway company that operated between the burghs in the company name. It opened its line in 1855 and its passenger business was instantly successful. At first it was not connected to any other line. However ...
, opened in 1855.John Thomas and David Turnock, ''A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 15, North of Scotland'', David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1989, , pages 225 and 226 As well as eventually connecting Inverness to Aberdeen by means of the
Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway The Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (I&AJR) was a railway company in Scotland, created to connect other railways and complete the route between Inverness and Aberdeen. The Inverness and Nairn Railway had opened to the public on 7 Novembe ...
(with the assistance of the
Great North of Scotland Railway The Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR) was one of the two smallest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping, operating in the north-east of the country. Formed in 1845, it carried its first passengers the fr ...
and
Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
by means of the
Inverness and Perth Junction Railway The Inverness and Perth Junction Railway (I&PJR) was a railway company that built a line providing a more direct route between Inverness and the south for passengers and goods. Up to the time of its opening, the only route was a circuitous way th ...
, consideration was given to northward railway connections. The first step in this was the
Inverness and Ross-shire Railway The Inverness and Ross-shire Railway was a Scottish railway company formed in 1860 to build a line from Inverness to Invergordon. It opened in 1862 as far as Dingwall and in 1863 to Invergordon. It was extended to a Bonar Bridge station in 1864 ...
which opened as far as a
Bonar Bridge Bonar Bridge ( gd, Drochaid a' Bhanna, ) is a village on the north bank of the Kyle of Sutherland to the west and the Dornoch Firth to the east in the Parish of Creich in the Highland council area of Scotland. The Kyle of Sutherland ("the Kyle" ...
station on 1 October 1864.H E Vallance et al, ''The Highland Railway'', David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1938, extended edition 1985, , page 30 Next came the
Sutherland Railway The Sutherland Railway was a railway company authorised in 1865 to build a line from Bonar Bridge station to Brora, a distance of nearly 33 miles, in the north of Scotland. This was to be continuation of a route from Inverness to Bonar Bridge tha ...
which obtained Parliamentary powers to build a line from Bonar Bridge to
Brora Brora ( , gd, Brùra) is a village in the east of Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland. Origin of the name The name ''Brora'' is derived from Old Norse and means "river with a bridge". History Brora is a small industrial village, ha ...
in 1865.David Ross, ''The Highland Railway'', Tempus Publishing Limited, Stroud, 2005, , pages 47 to 49 This was assisted by the commercial drive and financial resources of The Duke of Sutherland. The Duke was owner of extensive lands in Sutherland, and he harboured an interest in railways, and in developing the resources of the area for the benefit of the inhabitants. The Sutherland Railway actually ran out of money when it reached
Golspie Golspie ( , gd, Goillspidh) is a village and parish in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland, which lies on the North Sea coast in the shadow of Ben Bhraggie. It has a population of around 1,350. History The name derives from the Norse for "gull ...
, and was unable to continue to Brora as authorised. By now the Inverness and Ross-shire Railway had been absorbed into the
Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway The Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (I&AJR) was a railway company in Scotland, created to connect other railways and complete the route between Inverness and Aberdeen. The Inverness and Nairn Railway had opened to the public on 7 Novembe ...
, and it was only by the negotiating pressure of the Duke of Sutherland that the line reached Golspie. The Duke of Sutherland had a seat at
Dunrobin Castle Dunrobin Castle (mostly 1835–1845 — present) is a stately home in Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland, as well as the family seat of the Earl of Sutherland and the Clan Sutherland. It is located north of Golspie and approximatel ...
, which would have been on the Brora line, but was now not railway connected.


The Duke of Sutherland's Railway

The Duke of Sutherland decided to build a line himself, and this became the Duke of Sutherland's Railway. It obtained its authorising Act of Parliament on 20 June 1870.Vallance et al, pages 33, 34 and 36 The Act authorised a 17-mile line along the coast from Golspie to
Helmsdale Helmsdale ( sco, Helmsdal, gd, Bun Ilidh) is a village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland (council area), Highland council area of Scotland. The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from ...
, on the borders of
Caithness Caithness ( gd, Gallaibh ; sco, Caitnes; non, Katanes) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of Sutherland to the west and is otherwise bounded by ...
, taking over the Golspie to Brora powers of the Sutherland Railway.Donald J Grant, ''Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain'', Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, , page 155 Engineering difficulties at both ends of the line delayed the completion of the line throughout, but the section from Dunrobin to a point just short of Helmsdale was finished by the autumn of 1870. The Duke decided that the railway should be opened forthwith, and a temporary station, known as West Helmsdale, was built at Gartymore. An engine and some coaches were purchased for working the line, but since there was as yet no physical connection with the Sutherland Railway at Golspie, the stock had to be placed on wagons and hauled along the road by a traction engine. The opening ceremony was performed on 17 September 1870 by
Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen ...
. As Princess Helena, she was the third daughter of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
, and on marriage to
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (Frederick Christian Charles Augustus; 22 January 1831 – 28 October 1917) was a minor Danish-born German prince who became a member of the British royal family through his marriage to Princess Helena ...
she adopted the style of Princess Christian. From the date of the opening ceremony, the railway was privately operated, but after a
Board of Trade The Board of Trade is a British government body concerned with commerce and industry, currently within the Department for International Trade. Its full title is The Lords of the Committee of the Privy Council appointed for the consideration of ...
inspection it was opened to the public on 1 November 1870.Anne-Mary Paterson, ''Pioneers of the Highland Tracks: William and Murdoch Paterson'', (published by) The Highland Railway Society, 2013, , digital edition not paginated After the public opening, a service of two trains a day in each direction was run. On 19 June 1871 the works were completed and the railway was opened throughout, and the Highland Railway took over the working. The temporary terminus at Dunrobin became a private station serving the castle, at which trains called by request to pick up or set down passengers. In 1902 the buildings were reconstructed to the designs of the estate architect. On 28 July 1884 the Duke of Sutherland's Railway was absorbed into the Highland Railway.Vallance et al, page 40


Locations

• Golspie; Sutherland Railway station; opened 13 April 1868; still open; • Dunrobin; opened 1 November 1870; became private station for Duke of Sutherland 19 June 1871 but public later; closed 29 November 1965; reopened for locally advertised summer excursions July 1984; formally reopened summers only, 30 June 1985; renamed Dunrobin Castle July 1984; still open; • Brora; opened 1 November 1870; still open; • Loth; opened 1 November 1870; closed 13 June 1960; • West Helmsdale; opened 1 November 1870; closed 19 June 1871; • Helmsdale; opened 17 May 1871; still open.M E Quick, ''Railway Passenger Stations in England, Wales and Scotland: A Chronology'', version 5.03, September 2021, Railway and Canal Historical Society, electronic download, alphabetically organised Passengers had been picked up and set down at any point during the line's independence prior to May 1871, but this had to be sacrificed then for the benefit of having through traffic.Inverness Courier 18 May 1871, quoted in Quick, page 527


The line today

The line is still open, being part of the
Far North Line The Far North Line is a rural railway line entirely within the Highland area of Scotland, extending from Inverness to Thurso and Wick. As the name suggests, it is the northernmost railway in the United Kingdom. The line is entirely single-trac ...
.


Narrow gauge alternative

The Times Newspaper carried a report on ''The Railways of the Future''. A part of that was a discussion of the Double Fairlie locomotives on the
Ffestiniog Railway The Ffestiniog Railway ( cy, Rheilffordd Ffestiniog) is a heritage railway based on narrow-gauge, located in Gwynedd, Wales. It is a major tourist attraction located mainly within the Snowdonia National Park. The railway is roughly long an ...
.
The Duke of Sutherland said he wished he had known more of the Festiniog Railway six years ago. "I have expended," said His Grace, "about £200,000 in promoting and making railways in the north. Had these lines been constructed on the narrow gauge, and had they in consequence cost only two-thirds of the sum that has been expended on them, I should have obtained a direct return on this large sum which I have laid out for the benefit of my estates and of the people in those remote districts. As it is I shall suffer considerable loss."''The Railways of the Future II'', The Times (newspaper) 1 March 1870, page 4


Royal visit

On 8 August 2021, Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, visited Dunrobin Castle to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the railway.''Dunrobin Castle Station: Prince Charles Visits Unique Scottish railway station'', Scotsman (newspaper), 9 August 2021


References

{{Historical Scottish railway companies Highland Railway Early Scottish railway companies Railway lines opened in 1870 Railway companies disestablished in 1884