The Cichlasomatinae are a subfamily of

cichlid Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted this ...

fishes, including all ciclids native to the

Greater Antilles The Greater Antilles ( es, Grandes Antillas or Antillas Mayores; french: Grandes Antilles; ht, Gwo Zantiy; jam, Grieta hAntiliiz) is a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and ...

(

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

and

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

(southern

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

and

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

, and many of the cichlids from

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

(the other South American subfamilies are Astronotinae,

Cichlinae The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the cichlid family, native to South America. This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the Cichlinae encompasses all of the Neotr ...

Geophaginae Geophagini is a tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, ...

, and Retroculinae). The subfamily Cichlasomatinae is often divided into two

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

Cichlasomatini Cichlastomatini is a tribe of cichlids from South America, one of two tribes that make up the subfamily Cichlasomatinae. They were recognised in 1983 as an assemblage by the Swedish ichthyologist Sven O. Kullander by their four rather than five ...

and

Heroini Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the cichlid family. All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most ...

, however some authorities classify these two tribes as part of the wider

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

and marginally

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America t ...

subfamily Cichlinae.

Genera

This subfamily contains about 56 genera and 260 species: * Tribe

Swainson, 1839 ** ''

Acaronia ''Acaronia'' is a small genus of cichlids found in the Amazon, Orinoco and other basins in northern South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relativel ...

Myers Myers as a surname has several possible origins, e.g. Old French ("physician"), Old English ("mayor"), and Old Norse ("marsh"). People *Abram F. Myers (born 1889), chair of the Federal Trade Commission and later general counsel and board chai ...

, 1940 ** ''

Aequidens ''Aequidens'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in South America. Formerly a wastebasket genus, as presently defined ''Aequidens'' is largely restricted to the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and river basins in The Guianas. The only e ...

'' C. H. Eigenmann & W. L. Bray, 1894 ** ''

Andinoacara ''Andinoacara'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae. The genus was described in 2009.Musilova, Rican and Novak, 2009''Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecula ...

'' Musilová, Říčan &

Novák Novak (in Serbo-Croatian and Slovene; Cyrillic: ), Novák (in Hungarian, Czech and Slovak), Nowak or Novack (in German and Polish), is a surname and masculine given name, derived from the Slavic word for "new" (e.g. pl, nowy, cz, nový, sh ...

, 2009 ** ''

Bujurquina ''Bujurquina'' is a genus of cichlid fish endemic to South America. Most species in the genus are restricted to the western Amazon Basin. The only exceptions are ''B. mariae'' from the Orinoco Basin, and ''B. oenolaemus'' and ''B. vittata'' from ...

'' Kullander, 1986 ** ''

Cichlasoma ''Cichlasoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the cichlid family. The genus was previously very large (a wastebasket taxon), including cichlids from North America, including Central America, and South America. Reclassification and subsequent s ...

'' Swainson, 1839 ** '' Cleithracara'' Kullander & Nijssen 1989 ** ''

Ivanacara ''Ivanacara'' are a genus of cichlid fishes from tropical South America. This genus was identified as a new in 2006, but many authorities do not recognize it and maintain its species in ''Nannacara''. Species * ''Ivanacara adoketa'' ( Kullander ...

Römer The Römer (German surname, "Roman") is a medieval building in the Altstadt of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and one of the city's most important landmarks. The Römer is located opposite the Old St. Nicholas church and has been the city hall ('' ...

& Hahn, 2006 ** ''

Krobia Krobia (german: Kröben) is a town situated in the western part of Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship. Center of small folklore region - Biskupizna. History Within the Kingdom of Poland, Krobia was a private church town, administratively l ...

'' S. O. Kullander & Nijssen, 1989 ** ''

Laetacara ''Laetacara'' is a small genus of cichlids native to freshwater habitats in tropical and subtropical South America, ranging from the upper Orinoco River basin in Venezuela to the Paraná River basin Argentina.Linke H, Staeck L (1994) ''American c ...

'' Kullander, 1986 ** ''

Nannacara ''Nannacara'' is a genus of small freshwater cichlid fish endemic to South America. The genus is part of the Cichlasomatini tribe of the Cichlasomatinae subfamily. In the aquarium hobby, the fish is considered a dwarf cichlid along with ''Apistog ...

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1905 ** '' Rondonacara'' Ottoni & Mattos, 2015 ** ''

Tahuantinsuyoa ''Tahuantinsuyoa'' is a small genus of cichlids endemic to Peru where they are found in the Amazon Basin. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * ''Tahuantinsuyoa chipi'' S. O. Kullander, 1991 * ''Tahuantinsuyoa mac ...

'' Kullander, 1986 * Tribe

Kullander, 1998 ** ''

Amatitlania ''Amatitlania'' is a genus of cichlid fishes native to freshwater habitats in Central America from El Salvador and Guatemala to Panama. They are fairly small cichlids, typically reaching up to in standard length depending on exact species, altho ...

'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 ** ''

Amphilophus ''Amphilophus'' is a genus of cichlid fishes from Central America, ranging from southern Mexico to Panama. The genus currently contains 23 species, including several that are well-known from the aquarium trade. However, studies led by Oldřich ...

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he rec ...

, 1859 ** '' Archocentrus'' T.N. Gill, 1877 ** ''

Astatheros ''Astatheros macracanthus'', the blackthroat cichlid, is a species of cichlid freshwater fish from southern Mexico and northern Central America. It is the only recognized species in the genus ''Astatheros'', but it was originally described in '' ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 ** ''

Australoheros ''Australoheros'' is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was ere ...

'' Říčan & Kullander, 2006 ** ''

Caquetaia ''Caquetaia'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes from tropical South America. The genus currently contains three species. ''Caquetaia spp.'' are ambush predators that predominantly feed on invertebrates. Seasonal fluctuations in water level have ...

'' Fowler, 1945 ** ''

Chiapaheros ''Chiapaheros grammodes'' is a species of cichlid fish found in the upper part of the Grijalva River basin in southern Mexico and far western Guatemala. Adults generally inhabit areas with moderate to strong current, but they can also be found i ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** ''

Chocoheros ''Chocoheros'' is a monotypic genus of cichlid. Its only known species is ''Chocoheros microlepis'', found in South America. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an i ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** '' Chortiheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** ''

Cincelichthys ''Cincelichthys'' is a genus of high-bodied cichlids found in southern Mexico to Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** ''

Cryptoheros ''Cryptoheros'' is a genus of small cichlid fishes from Central America and southeast Mexico. They reach up to in length. Taxonomy and species The genus formerly contained nine species that had been included within the genus '' Archocentrus''. ...

'' Allgayer, 2001 ** ''

Darienheros ''Darienheros calobrensis'', is a species of cichlid found in Middle America. It is distributed in the Darién area of eastern Panamá on the Pacific slope in the Tuíra, Chucunaque and Bayano River basins. This species is the only known me ...

'' Říčan & Novák 2016 ** ''

Herichthys ''Herichthys'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes. Most are Endemism, endemic to Mexico, but ''Texas cichlid, H. cyanoguttatus'' is also found in southern Texas (United States), and has been Introduced species, introduced to central Texas and Flo ...

'' Baird & Girard, 1854 ** '' Heroina'' Kullander, 1996 ** '' Heros'' Heckel, 1840 ** ''

Herotilapia '' Herotilapia multispinosa'' (previously: ''Archocentrus multispinosus'') also known as the rainbow cichlid is a Central American freshwater fish of the cichlid family. It is found on the Atlantic slope of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 ** '' Hoplarchus'' Kaup, 1860 ** '' Hypselecara'' Kullander, 1986 ** ''

Hypsophrys ''Hypsophrys'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central America. Species There have been two recognized species in this genus: * '' Hypsophrys nematopus'' ( Günther, 1867) (Poor man's tropheus) * ''Hypsophrys nicaraguensis ''Hypsophr ...

'' Agassiz, 1859 ** '' Isthmoheros'' (

Meek Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience. Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...

Hildebrand Hildebrand is a character from Germanic heroic legend. ''Hildebrand'' is the modern German form of the name: in Old High German it is ''Hiltibrant'' and in Old Norse ''Hildibrandr''. The word ''hild'' means "battle" and ''brand'' means "sword". ...

, 1913) ** ''

Kihnichthys ''Kihnichthys ufermanni'', the Usumacinta cichlid, is a species of cichlid found in a few rivers in the Usumacinta River basin in Guatemala and southern Mexico. It typically occurs in rivers that are about wide, fairly deep, have few or no aq ...

'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 ** ''

Kronoheros The turquoise cichlid (''Kronoheros umbriferus''), also known as the umbee cichlid, is a species of cichlid fish found in freshwater habitats of eastern Panama and central and western Colombia. It is commonly caught as a food fish, and sometimes ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** ''

Maskaheros ''Maskaheros'' is a genus of cichlids fish found on Atlantic slope of southern Mexico and Guatemala in the Coatzacoalcos and Usumacinta River The Usumacinta River (; named after the howler monkey) is a river in southeastern Mexico and no ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** ''

Mayaheros ''Mayaheros'' is a genus of cichlid fish that is native to Mexico and northern Central America. This genus has a disjunct distribution, with the ''M. urophthalmus'' group being found in the Atlantic drainages of southeastern Mexico (southern Vera ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** ''

Mesoheros ''Mesoheros'' is a genus of cichlids. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Atrato River flowing into the Atlantic, San Juan, Baudó and Patia Rivers to Esmeraldas and Tumbes Rivers flowing into the Pacific. Species There are currently ...

'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** '' Mesonauta'' Günther, 1867 ** ''

Nandopsis ''Nandopsis'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes found in lakes, streams and rivers in Cuba and Hispaniola. ''Nandopsis'' are the only cichlids native to the Antilles. Species The genus currently contains three species. An additional species, ...

'' T.N. Gill, 1862 ** ''

Nosferatu ''Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror'' (German: ''Nosferatu – Eine Symphonie des Grauens'') is a 1922 silent German Expressionist horror film directed by F. W. Murnau and starring Max Schreck as Count Orlok, a vampire who preys on the wife ...

'' De la Maza-Benignos, Ornelas-García, Lozano-Vilano, García-Ramírez & Doadrio, 2015 ** '' Oscura'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** ''

Parachromis ''Parachromis'' is a genus of cichlids native to Central America. Some species occur in Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua. All species are predatory and relatively large for cichlids. Species There are currently five recognized species in this gen ...

'' Agassiz, 1859 ** ''

Paraneetroplus ''Paraneetroplus'' is a genus of cichlid fish native to moderately to fast-flowing waters in the Coatzacoalcos, Grijalva and Papaloapan river basins in southern Mexico. They reach up to in length. Taxonomy and species Historically, ''Paraneet ...

'' Regan, 1905 ** '' Petenia'' Günther, 1862 ** ''

Pterophyllum ''Pterophyllum'' is a small genus of freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae known to most aquarists as angelfish. All ''Pterophyllum'' species originate from the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and various rivers in the Guiana Shield in tropical ...

'' Heckel, 1840 ** ''

Rheoheros ''Rheoheros'' is a genus of cichlids. These freshwater fish are found in the Atlantic slope of Mexico and Guatemala in moderately to fast-flowing waters of the Grijalva-Usumacinta River system. Depending on species, they reach up to in length. ...

'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 ** ''

Rocio ''Rocio'' is a small genus of cichlid freshwater fishes from southern Mexico and northern Central America. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Rocio gemmata'' Contreras-Balderas & Schmitter-Soto, 2007 � ...

'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 ** '' Symphysodon'' Heckel, 1840 ** ''

Theraps ''Theraps'' is a genus of cichlid fish found in moderately to fast-flowing rivers and streams on the Atlantic slope of southern Mexico and northern Central America. They are medium-sized cichlids. Species and taxonomy Historically, ''Theraps'' w ...

'' Günther, 1862 ** '' Thorichthys'' Meek, 1904 ** ''

Tomocichla ''Tomocichla'' is a genus of cichlid fish native to moderately and fast-flowing rivers along the Atlantic slope of Central America, ranging from the Escondido drainage in Nicaragua to Bocas del Toro in Panama. ''Tomocichla'' was formerly includ ...

'' Regan, 1908 ** '' Trichromis'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** ''

Uaru ''Uaru'' is a small genus of cichlids found in blackwater and whitewater habitats in the upper Orinoco and the Amazon basin. Etymology The name ''Uaru'' comes from the Amazon word for toad. Species There are currently two recognized species in ...

'' Heckel, 1840 ** ''

Vieja ''Vieja'' is a genus of cichlid fish from Central America and Mexico. The majority of the species are freshwater fish found in stagnant or slow-moving waters of southern Mexico to El Salvador, but ''V. maculicauda'', which also occurs in brack ...

'' Fernández-Yépez, 1969 ** ''

Wajpamheros The bluemouth cichlid (''Wajpamheros nourissati'') is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Usumacinta River basin in southern Mexico and Guatemala, where it is widely distributed in rivers, creeks and lakes. This species is the only ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016

References

Cichlid fish of Central America Cichlid fish of South America Fish subfamilies Taxa named by Sven O. Kullander {{cichlid-stub