Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast
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Babushkinsky District (russian: Ба́бушкинский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1106-OZ district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the twenty-six in
Vologda Oblast Vologda Oblast ( rus, Вологодская область, p=vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Vologodskaya oblast, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The Oblast has a population of 1,202,44 ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the southeast of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Nyuksensky District Nyuksensky District (russian: Ню́ксенский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1120-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borde ...
in the north, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the northeast, Nikolsky District in the east, Kologrivsky and Chukhlomsky Districts of
Kostroma Oblast Kostroma Oblast (russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, ''Kostromskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,97 ...
in the south, and with
Totemsky District Totemsky District (russian: То́темский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1114-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with ...
in the west. The area of the district is . Its
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
(a '' selo'') of imeni Babushkina.Resolution #178 District's population: 14,994 ( 2002 Census); The population of imeni Babushkina accounts for 31.6% of the district's population.


Name

Prior to 1941, the district was known as Ledengsky District, and the ''selo'' of imeni Babushkina was known as Ledengskoye. Both the district and its administrative center were renamed in March 1941 to commemorate
Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
revolutionary
Ivan Babushkin Ivan Vasilyevich Babushkin () (pseudonym Nikolay Nikolaevich) (January 3, 1873 – January 18, 1906) was a Russian professional Bolshevik revolutionary. Early Years Babushkin was born in the ''selo'' of Ledengskoye, Totemsky Uyezd of Vologd ...
, who was born in Ledengskoye.


Geography

The district is located at the divide between the
basins Basin may refer to: Geography and geology * Depression (geology) ** Back-arc basin, a submarine feature associated with island arcs and subduction zones ** Debris basin, designed to prevent damage from debris flow ** Drainage basin (hydrology), a ...
of the Sukhona, the Yug, and the
Unzha River The Unzha (russian: Унжа) is a river in the Vologda Oblast and Kostroma Oblast in Russia, a tributary of the Volga. It is long, and its basin covers .
s (the left
tributary A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drai ...
of the
Volga The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchm ...
), and thus at the divide between the basins of the
Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...
and the
Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
. The landscape is dominated by the
Northern Ridge The Northern Ridge, Northern Uvaly, Severnyye Uvaly (russian: Северные Увалы), is the chain of hills in the northern part of the East European Plain in Russia. The Northern Ridge divides the river basins of the Northern Dvina River ...
chain of hills. The Unzha crosses the southern part of the district from east to west, and many rivers in the center and the south of the district drain into the Unzha. The rivers in the northeast of the district drain into the Sharzhenga, the left tributary of the Yug. The rivers in the west drain into various right tributaries of the Sukhona, such as the Tolshma, the Ledenga, and the Staraya Totma. Over 80% of the total area of the district is covered by coniferous forests.


History

The area was populated by
Finnic peoples The Finnic or Fennic peoples, sometimes simply called Finns, are the nations who speak languages traditionally classified in the Finnic (now commonly '' Finno-Permic'') language family, and which are thought to have originated in the region of ...
and then colonized by the
Novgorod Republic The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of mod ...
. In the 12th century,
Totma Totma (russian: То́тьма) is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga, northeast of Vologda, the administr ...
and the surrounding areas were already under the control of Novgorod. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 14th century, salt was discovered in the valley of the Ledenga, and the ''selo'' of Ledengskoye (now called imeni Babushkina) became known for its salt production. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished, and transformed into
Totemsky Uyezd Totemsky Uyezd () was one of the subdivisions of the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Totma. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census ...
of
Vologda Viceroyalty Vologda Viceroyalty (russian: Волого́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda ...
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included Ledengskoye was made into
Vologda Governorate Vologda Governorate (russian: link=no, Вологодская губерния, ''Vologodskaya guberniya'', ''Government of Vologda'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed fr ...
. On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into
Northern Krai Northern Krai (russian: Северный край, ''Severny Krai'') was a ''krai'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. ...
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Ledengsky District with the administrative center in the ''selo'' of Ledengskoye was established as a part of
Vologda Okrug Vologda ( rus, Вологда, p=ˈvoləɡdə) is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: The city serves as a major transport hub of ...
. It included parts of the former area of
Totemsky Uyezd Totemsky Uyezd () was one of the subdivisions of the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Totma. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census ...
. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Ledengsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since, but was renamed Babushkinsky in 1941. During the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform of the 1960s, Babushkinsky District was briefly disestablished in 1962 and then reestablished in 1965. In 1918,
Northern Dvina Governorate Northern Dvina Governorate (russian: Северо-Двинская губерния, ''Severo-Dvinskaya guberniya'') was a governorate ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city ...
with the administrative center in
Veliky Ustyug Veliky Ustyug (russian: Вели́кий У́стюг) is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 31,665. Velik ...
was established on the areas previously in the northeast of Vologda Governorate. In 1924, the
uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...
s in Northern Dvina Governorate were abolished and replaced with the districts. On June 10, 1924, Roslyatinsky District was established, among others. The administrative center of Roslyatinsky District was the ''selo'' of Roslyatino. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into
Northern Krai Northern Krai (russian: Северный край, ''Severny Krai'') was a ''krai'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. ...
. On July 30, 1931, Roslyatinsky District was merged into Ledengsky District, then in 1935 it was re-established, and on November 12, 1960 Roslyatinsky District was abolished again, and its area was divided between Babushkinsky and Nikolsky Districts.


Administrative and municipal divisions

Administratively, the district is divided into fifteen selsoviets. Municipally, the district is incorporated as Babushkinsky Municipal District and is divided into seven rural settlements. The municipal district includes all of the inhabited localities of the administrative district, as well as two rural localities (the settlements of Ida and Kordon) from
Gryazovetsky District Gryazovetsky District (russian: Гря́зовецкий райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipal districtLaw #1114-OZ (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borde ...
and one rural locality (the settlement of Ilezka) from
Nyuksensky District Nyuksensky District (russian: Ню́ксенский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1120-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borde ...
.


Economy

The economy of the district is based on timber production.


Agriculture

As of 2009, there were twelve large-scale farms in the district, mostly producing meat and milk, as well as growing crops. The agriculture is steadily shrinking.


Transportation

A paved road connecting
Totma Totma (russian: То́тьма) is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga, northeast of Vologda, the administr ...
with Nikolsk passes through the district and, in particular, through imeni Babushkina. Before the road between Totma and
Veliky Ustyug Veliky Ustyug (russian: Вели́кий У́стюг) is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 31,665. Velik ...
along the Sukhona was completed in the first decade of the 2000s, this was the only road connecting
Vologda Vologda ( rus, Вологда, p=ˈvoləɡdə) is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: The city serves as a major transport hu ...
and Totma to Veliky Ustyug. The only railroad in the district is the Monza Railroad, built for timber transport and operated by the timber production authorities, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The railroad crosses Babushkinsky District from west to east. Plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never implemented.


Culture and recreation

The district contains 1 object classified as cultural heritage of the federal significance (a monument to Ivan Babushkin in the ''selo'' of imeni Babushkina) and 106 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. Most of these are wooden farms and churches built before 1917. The only state museum in the district is the Memorial Museum of Ivan Babushkin, located in imeni Babushkina. The Ledengsk Spa Resort in imeni Babushkina uses underground lakes with high concentration of salt.


References


Notes


Sources

* * * {{Use mdy dates, date=June 2012 Districts of Vologda Oblast States and territories established in 1929 States and territories disestablished in 1962 States and territories established in 1965