Ahmet Sezer
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Ahmet Necdet Sezer (; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2002. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey elected Sezer as president in 2000 after
Süleyman Demirel Süleyman Sami Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the List of Presidents of Turkey, 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the ...
's seven-year term expired. He was succeeded by Abdullah Gül in 2007. Following his legal career, Sezer became a candidate for the presidency with the joint support of many political parties in Parliament. Following the 2000 presidential election, he took an ardent secularist approach on issues such as the headscarf, holding the view that secularism in Turkey was under threat. A quarrel between Sezer and Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in ...
in 2001 led to a financial meltdown, attributed to the weakness of the coalition government as well as to the large debt owed to the International Monetary Fund. The landslide victory of the conservative Islamist
Justice and Development Party Justice and Development Party may refer to several political parties, the best-known ones being: * Justice and Development Party (Morocco) * Justice and Development Party (Turkey) Justice and Development Party may also refer to: * Justice and Dev ...
(AKP) in the 2002 general election led to strong opposition from President Sezer, who vetoed several proposed laws and referred others to the Constitutional Court. These included laws on banking reform and the lifting of the political ban on
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as Lis ...
. During receptions at the presidential palace, Sezer refused to allow women wearing the headscarf to attend citing the laws on the
separation of mosque and state The separation of church and state is a philosophical and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular stat ...
at the time; this resulted in the wives of Abdullah Gül and Erdoğan,
Hayrünnisa Gül Hayrünnisa Gül (; née Özyurt, born August 18, 1964) is the 11th First Lady of Turkey, as the wife of Abdullah Gül. First Lady of Turkey On October 7, 2010, Gül became the first First Lady to address the Parliamentary Assembly of the Co ...
and
Emine Erdoğan Emine Erdoğan (; ; born 16 February 1955) is the current first lady of Turkey, and the wife of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Family and education Early life Emine Erdoğa, was born as Cemal and Hayriye Gülbaran’s fifth child and only daug ...
respectively, being barred from attendance. Erdoğan later said in public that he had 'suffered a lot' from Sezer. During the 2014 presidential election, won by Erdoğan, Sezer openly refused to vote, citing the lack of a secularist candidate as his reason.


Early life

Sezer was born in Afyonkarahisar to Ahmet Hamdi Sezer and Hatice Sezer. His parents came from Serres in Greece during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. After finishing Afyonkarahisar High School in 1958, he graduated from the
Ankara University Ankara University ( tr, Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public university in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the republic in 1923. The university has 40 vocat ...
Faculty of Law A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...
in 1962 and began his career as a judge in Ankara. Following his military service at the Military Academy, he served first as a judge in Dicle and Yerköy, and then became a supervisory judge in the
High Court of Appeals The Court of Cassation, also called Supreme Court of Appeals of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yargıtay Başkanlığı – ''Yargıtay'' for short) is the last instance for reviewing verdicts given by courts of criminal and civil justice in Tur ...
in Ankara. In 1978, he received an LL.M. in civil law from the Faculty of Law in Ankara University.


Chief justice

On 7 March 1983, Sezer was elected as a member of the
High Court of Appeals The Court of Cassation, also called Supreme Court of Appeals of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yargıtay Başkanlığı – ''Yargıtay'' for short) is the last instance for reviewing verdicts given by courts of criminal and civil justice in Tur ...
. As a member of the Second Chamber of Law, he was nominated by the plenary assembly of the High Court of Appeals as one of the three candidates for appointment as member of the Constitutional Court. On 27 September 1988, he was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Court by President
Kenan Evren Ahmet Kenan Evren (; 17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who served as the seventh President of Turkey from 1980 to 1989. He assumed the post by leading the 1980 military coup. On 18 June 2014, a Turkish ...
. On 6 January 1998, Ahmet Necdet Sezer was elected chief justice of the Constitutional Court.


Presidency (2000–2007)

He was elected president and sworn in on 16 May 2000, becoming Turkey's first head of state to come from a judicial background. His term was due to expire on 16 May 2007, but because the Grand National Assembly of Turkey had failed to elect a new president, he retained the office ''
pro tempore ''Pro tempore'' (), abbreviated ''pro tem'' or ''p.t.'', is a Latin phrase which best translates to "for the time being" in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a ''locum tenens'' (placeholder) in the absence of ...
'' until 28 August 2007 (the
Constitution of Turkey The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government and sets out the principles and rules of ...
states that a president's term of office is extended until a successor is elected). On 21 February 2001, during a quarrel in a
National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a na ...
meeting, he threw the constitutional code book at Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in ...
. Some cite this falling-out as the main reason for what became known as 'Black Wednesday', a huge economic crisis. Others claimed that the rapid reforms called for by the accession negotiations with the European Union and Turkey's strong ties with the International Monetary Fund caused the crisis. Sezer was a firm defender of
secularism in Turkey Secularism in Turkey defines the relationship between religion and state in the country of Turkey. Secularism or Laicism (or ''laïcité'') was first introduced with the 1928 amendment of the Constitution of 1924, which removed the provision de ...
, a frequent point of contention between him and the ruling AKP party. On many occasions, he openly claimed that Turkey's secular regime was under threat. Since he believes that
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
does not require women to wear
headscarves A headscarf is a scarf covering most or all of the top of a person's, usually women's, hair and head, leaving the face uncovered. A headscarf is formed of a triangular cloth or a square cloth folded into a triangle, with which the head is cov ...
, Sezer excluded legislators' wives who wore headscarves from official receptions at the Presidential Palace. During his presidency, he
pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the ju ...
ed 260 convicted
felons A felony is traditionally considered a crime of high seriousness, whereas a misdemeanor is regarded as less serious. The term "felony" originated from English common law (from the French medieval word "félonie") to describe an offense that resul ...
, 202 of whom were captured
leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...
militants. (This type of pardon can be requested directly by the felon or the legal representative of the felon, but no political or court referral is necessary.) Some organisations have cited such pardons to criticise Sezer's presidency. On the other hand, Sezer also enacted harsher laws to punish people connected with terrorism.


Awards and orders


References


External links


Former presidents: Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Presidency of the Republic of Turkey A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a ...
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sezer, Ahmet Necdet 1941 births Living people 20th-century presidents of Turkey 21st-century presidents of Turkey People from Afyonkarahisar Presidents of Turkey Turkish judges Turkish civil servants Ankara University Faculty of Law alumni Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana Presidents of the Constitutional Court of Turkey