The 31st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and po ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1849, to March 4, 1851, during the 16 months of the

Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader who served as the 12th president of the United States from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to th ...

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by ...

and the first eight months of the

administration Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal ** Administrative Assistant, traditionally known as a Secretary, or also known as an administrative officer, admini ...

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...

's. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.

Major events

* March 4, 1849:

became

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...

* June, 1849: Relations with France broke down as the French ambassador Guillaume-Tell de La Vallée Poussin engaged in "insulting and confrontational" behavior towards President Taylor, shortly after this a row erupted with France over reparations which France owed the United States. The President of France

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...

made this worse by making remarks that led to several members of congress openly condemning him. A group of Senators consisting of

John Macpherson Berrien John Macpherson Berrien (August 23, 1781January 1, 1856) of United States senator from Georgia and Attorney General of the United States during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Early life and education Berrien was born on August 23, 1781 at ...

, William C. Dawson,

Benjamin Fitzpatrick Benjamin Fitzpatrick (June 30, 1802 – November 21, 1869) was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama and a United States Senator from that state. He was a Democrat. Early life Born in Greene County, Georgia, Fitzpatrick was orphaned a ...

, William R. King, James M. Mason, Robert M. T. Hunter, Jesse D. Bright,

James Whitcomb James Whitcomb (December 1, 1795 – October 4, 1852) was a Democratic United States senator and the eighth governor of Indiana. As governor during the Mexican–American War, he oversaw the formation and deployment of the state's levies. He l ...

, Thomas Corwin,

Salmon P. Chase Salmon Portland Chase (January 13, 1808May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who served as the sixth chief justice of the United States. He also served as the 23rd governor of Ohio, represented Ohio in the United States Senate, a ...

Joseph R. Underwood Joseph Rogers Underwood (October 24, 1791 – August 23, 1876) was a lawyer, judge, United States Representative and Senator from Kentucky. Early and family life Joseph Underwood was born in Goochland County, Virginia to John Underwood, a v ...

and Henry Clay, as well as a group of Representatives from the House consisting of Linn Boyd, James L. Johnson, Finis E. McLean, George Caldwell , John B. Thompson, Daniel Breck, Humphrey Marshall,

Charles S. Morehead Charles Slaughter Morehead (July 7, 1802 – December 21, 1868) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky, and served as the 20th Governor of Kentucky. Though a member of the Whig Party for most of his political service, he joined the Know Not ...

John C. Mason John Calvin Mason (August 4, 1802 – August 1865) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Born near Mount Sterling, Kentucky, Mason attended country and city schools in Montgomery County and Mount Sterling Law School in Lexington, Kentucky. ...

, Richard H. Stanton, Thomas B. King, Marshall J. Wellborn, Allen F. Owen, Hugh A. Haralson, Thomas C. Hackett, Howell Cobb, Alexander Stephens, Robert Toombs, John S. Millson, Richard K. Meade, Thomas H. Averett,

Thomas S. Bocock Thomas Salem Bocock (May 18, 1815 – August 5, 1891) was a Confederate politician and lawyer from Virginia. After serving as an antebellum United States Congressman, he was the speaker of the Confederate States House of Representatives dur ...

, Paulus Powell, James Seddon, Thomas H. Bayly, Alexander Holladay, Jeremiah Morton, Richard Parker, James McDowell, Henry A. Edmundson,

LaFayette McMullen LaFayette "Fayette" McMullen (May 18, 1805 – November 8, 1880) was a 19th-century politician, driver, teamster and banker from the U.S. state of Virginia and the second appointed Governor of Washington Territory. Early life and family Born ...

, James M. H. Beale, Alexander Newman, Nathaniel Albertson, Cyrus L. Dunham, John L. Robinson, George W. Julian, William J. Brown, Willis A. Gorman, Edward W. McGaughey,

Joseph E. McDonald Joseph Ewing McDonald (August 29, 1819 – June 21, 1891) was an American politician who served as a United States representative and Senator from Indiana. He also served as Indiana's 2nd Attorney General and unsuccessfully sought the Demo ...

, Graham N. Fitch, Andrew J. Harlan, David T. Disney, Lewis D. Campbell,

Robert C. Schenck Robert Cumming Schenck (October 4, 1809 – March 23, 1890) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War, and American diplomatic representative to Brazil and the United Kingdom. He was at both battles of Bull Run and took part in Ja ...

, Moses B. Corwin, Emery D. Potter, Jonathan D. Morris, John L. Taylor, Edson B. Olds,

Charles Sweetser Charles Sweetser (January 22, 1808 — April 14, 1864) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1853, representing the 10th congressional district of Ohio as a Democrat in the ...

, John K. Miller, Samuel F. Vinton,

William A. Whittlesey William Augustus Whittlesey (July 14, 1796 – November 6, 1866) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1849 to 1851. He was the nephew of Elisha ...

, Nathan Evans,

William F. Hunter William Forrest Hunter (December 10, 1808 – March 30, 1874) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1849 to 1853. Early life and career Bo ...

, Moses Hoagland,

Joseph Cable Joseph Cable (April 17, 1801 – May 1, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Ohio for two terms from 1849 to 1853. He was the great-grandfather of Congressman John Levi Cable. Life and career B ...

, David K. Cartter, John Crowell,

Joshua R. Giddings Joshua Reed Giddings (October 6, 1795 – May 27, 1864) was an American attorney, politician and a prominent opponent of slavery. He represented Northeast Ohio in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1838 to 1859. He was at first a member of ...

and Joseph M. Root all condemned France's President Napoleon III on the floor of the House and Senate, and put in writing that they expressed "solidarity" with President Taylor in his diplomatic clash with the French. This breakdown in relations with France was considered a potential diplomatic disaster in France, and it only calmed down when the French ambassador was removed and replaced by his own government. President Taylor refused to budge, and remained openly hostile to the French, however, his Vice President

was outspokenly sympathetic to the French, causing the French ambassador to remark "we have in this country (the United States) a president who hates France and Vice President who loves France. Our interests are with Fillmore." Before being removed the French ambassador wrote "With this President, this Congress and this Senate, the United States is a hostile country to us." * December 22, 1849: Howell Cobb is elected Speaker after sixty-three ballots, the second-longest election for the position ever held. * March 7, 1850: Senator Daniel Webster gave his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorsed the Compromise of 1850 to prevent a possible civil war * May 22, 1850: Senate votes 42-11 in favor of ratifying the

Clayton–Bulwer Treaty The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was a treaty signed in 1850 between the United States and the United Kingdom. The treaty was negotiated by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Bulwer, amidst growing tensions between the two nations over Central America, a ...

after the motion to do so was put forth by William R. King of

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = " Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,7 ...

. The results of the vote were celebrated in Britain.Mediation of the Honduran-Guatemalan Boundary Question: Held Under the Good Offices of the Department of State, 1918-1919 ... by United States. Department of State U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919 pg. 211 * July 9, 1850: President Taylor died and Vice President

became President.

Major legislation

*September 9, 1850: Compromise of 1850, sess. 1, chs. 48-51, - *September 18, 1850:

Fugitive Slave Act A fugitive (or runaway) is a person who is fleeing from custody, whether it be from jail, a government arrest, government or non-government questioning, vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals. A fugitive from justice, also know ...

, sess. 1, ch. 60, *September 20, 1850: "An Act to suppress the Slave Trade in the District of Columbia," sess. 1, ch. 63, *September 29, 1850: Donation Land Claim Act, sess. 1, ch. 76,

States admitted and territories organized

*September 9, 1850 — As part of the Compromise of 1850: **

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

's borders were changed, ch. 49, ** New Mexico Territory was organized, ch. 49, **

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

was admitted as a state, ch. 50, ** Utah Territory was organized, ch. 51,

Party summary

Senate

During this Congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of California.

House of Representatives

During this Congress, two House seats were added for the new state of California.

Leadership

Millard Fillmore by Brady Studio 1855-65-crop

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

( W), until July 9, 1850; vacant thereafter. * President pro tempore:

David Atchison David Rice Atchison (August 11, 1807January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in ...

(D), until May 5, 1850 ** William R. King (D), from May 6, 1850

House of Representatives

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** In ...

: Howell Cobb (D) * Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Thompson

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives by district. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1854.

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = " Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,7 ...

: 2.

(D), until November 30, 1849 ::

Jeremiah Clemens Jeremiah Clemens (December 28, 1814 – May 21, 1865) was a U.S. senator and novelist from the state of Alabama. He was elected to fill the vacancy left by the death of Dixon Hall Lewis, and served from November 30, 1849, to March 4, 1853. Cleme ...

(D), from November 30, 1849 : 3. William R. King (D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: 2. William K. Sebastian (D) : 3. Solon Borland (D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

: 1.

John C. Frémont John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician. He was a U.S. Senator from California and was the first Republican nominee for president of the United States in 1856 ...

(D), from September 10, 1850 (newly admitted state) : 3. William M. Gwin (D), from September 10, 1850 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the ...

: 1. Roger S. Baldwin (W) : 3. Truman Smith (W)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent ...

: 1. John Wales (W) : 2. Presley Spruance (W)

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and ...

: 1.

David Levy Yulee David Levy Yulee (born David Levy; June 12, 1810 – October 10, 1886) was an American politician and attorney. Born on the island of St. Thomas, then under British control, he was of Sephardic Jewish ancestry: His father was a Sephardi from Mor ...

(D) : 3.

Jackson Morton Jackson Morton (August 10, 1794 – November 20, 1874) was an American politician. A member of the Whig Party, he represented Florida as a U.S. Senator from 1849 to 1855. He also served as a Deputy from Florida to the Provisional Congress of ...

(W)

Georgia

: 2.

(W) : 3. William C. Dawson (W)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rock ...

: 2. Stephen A. Douglas (D) : 3. James Shields (D), until March 6, 1849 :: James Shields (D), from December 3, 1849

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th ...

: 1. Jesse D. Bright (D) : 3.

(D)

Iowa Iowa () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wiscon ...

: 2. George Wallace Jones (D) : 3. Augustus C. Dodge (D)

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: 2.

(W) : 3. Henry Clay (W)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is bord ...

: 2. Solomon W. Downs (D) : 3. Pierre Soulé (D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

: 1.

Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 15th vice president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during President Abraham Lincoln's first term. He was the first Republic ...

(D) : 2.

James W. Bradbury James Ware Bradbury (June 10, 1802January 6, 1901) was a United States Senator from Maine. Born in Parsonsfield, Maine, he attended the common schools and Gorham Academy. After graduating from Bowdoin College in 1825, he became principal of H ...

(D)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean t ...

: 1. Reverdy Johnson (W), until March 7, 1849 :: David Stewart (W), from December 6, 1849, until January 12, 1850 :: Thomas Pratt (W), from January 12, 1850 : 3. James Pearce (W)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: 1. Daniel Webster (W), until July 22, 1850 :: Robert C. Winthrop (W), from July 30, 1850, until February 1, 1851 :: Robert Rantoul Jr. (D), from February 1, 1851 : 2. John Davis (W)

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and t ...

: 1.

Lewis Cass Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782June 17, 1866) was an American military officer, politician, and statesman. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinets of two U.S. Presidents, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan. He w ...

(D) : 2. Alpheus Felch (D)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: 1. Jefferson Davis (D) : 2. Henry S. Foote (D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: 1. Thomas H. Benton (D) : 3.

David R. Atchison David Rice Atchison (August 11, 1807January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in ...

(D)

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. John P. Hale (FS) : 3. Moses Norris Jr. (D)

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delawa ...

: 1.

William L. Dayton William Lewis Dayton (February 17, 1807 – December 1, 1864) was an American politician, active first in the Whig Party and later in the Republican Party. In the 1856 presidential election, he became the first Republican vice-presidentia ...

(W) : 2. Jacob W. Miller (W)

New York

: 1.

Daniel S. Dickinson Daniel Stevens Dickinson (September 11, 1800April 12, 1866) was an American politician and lawyer, most notable as a United States senator from 1844 to 1851. Biography Born in Goshen, Connecticut, he moved with his parents to Guilford, Chenan ...

(D) : 3. William H. Seward (W)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 28th largest and List of states and territories of the United ...

: 2. Willie P. Mangum (W) : 3. George E. Badger (W)

Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

: 1. Thomas Corwin (W), until July 20, 1850 :: Thomas Ewing (W), from July 20, 1850 : 3.

(FS)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: 1. Daniel Sturgeon (D) : 3. James Cooper (W)

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

: 1. Albert C. Greene (W) : 2. John H. Clarke (W)

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: 2.

John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who held many important positions including being the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He ...

(D), until March 31, 1850 :: Franklin H. Elmore (D), from April 11, 1850, until May 29, 1850 :: Robert W. Barnwell (D), from June 4, 1850, until December 18, 1850 :: R. Barnwell Rhett (D), from December 18, 1850 : 3.

Andrew Butler Andrew Pickens Butler (November 18, 1796May 25, 1857) was a United States senator from South Carolina who authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois. Biography Butler was a son of William Butler and Behethland ...

(D)

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...

: 1. Hopkins Lacy Turney (D) : 2. John Bell (W)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: 1. Thomas J. Rusk (D) : 2.

Samuel Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two i ...

(D)

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provin ...

: 1.

Samuel S. Phelps Samuel Shethar Phelps (May 13, 1793March 25, 1855) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a United States senator from Vermont, and a member of the Whig Party. Biography Phelps was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, to John Phelps (1756� ...

(W) : 3. William Upham (W)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are ...

: 1. James M. Mason (D) : 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: 1.

Henry Dodge Moses Henry Dodge (October 12, 1782 – June 19, 1867) was a Democratic member to the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin and a veteran of the Black Hawk War. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, served as ...

(D) : 3. Isaac P. Walker (D)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = " Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,7 ...

: . William J. Alston (W) : .

Henry W. Hilliard Henry Washington Hilliard (August 4, 1808 – December 17, 1892) was a unionist U.S. Representative from Alabama and a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. In later life, he became a proponent of abolitionism ...

(W) : . Sampson W. Harris (D) : . Samuel W. Inge (D) : . David Hubbard (D) : . Williamson R. W. Cobb (D) : . Franklin W. Bowdon (D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: . Robert W. Johnson (D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Edward Gilbert (D), from September 11, 1850 (newly admitted state) : .

George W. Wright George Washington Wright (June 4, 1816 – April 7, 1885) was a Californian politician. He was the leading vote getter in a November 1849 at-large election for California's two seats in the United States House of Representatives following Ca ...

(I), from September 11, 1850 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the ...

: . Loren P. Waldo (D) : . Walter Booth (FS) : . Chauncey F. Cleveland (D) : . Thomas B. Butler (W)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent ...

: .

John W. Houston John Wallace Houston (May 4, 1814 – April 26, 1896) was an American lawyer and politician from Georgetown, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party, who served as U.S. Representative from Delawa ...

(W)

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and ...

: . Edward C. Cabell (W)

Georgia

: . Thomas Butler King (W), until March 3, 1850 :: Joseph W. Jackson (D), from March 4, 1850 : . Marshall J. Wellborn (D) : . Allen F. Owen (W) : . Hugh A. Haralson (D) : . Thomas C. Hackett (D) : . Howell Cobb (D) : .

Alexander H. Stephens Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in ...

(W) : . Robert A. Toombs (W)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rock ...

: . William H. Bissell (D) : . John A. McClernand (D) : . Timothy R. Young (D) : . John Wentworth (D) : .

William A. Richardson William Anthony Richardson (August 27, 1795 – April 20, 1856) was an early California entrepreneur, influential in the development of Yerba Buena, the forerunner of the city of San Francisco. Richardson was the first to receive a land gran ...

(D) : . Edward D. Baker (W) : . Thomas L. Harris (D)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th ...

: . Nathaniel Albertson (D) : . Cyrus L. Dunham (D) : . John L. Robinson (D) : . George W. Julian (FS) : . William J. Brown (D) : . Willis A. Gorman (D) : . Edward W. McGaughey (W) : .

(D) : . Graham N. Fitch (D) : . Andrew J. Harlan (D)

Iowa Iowa () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wiscon ...

: . William Thompson (D), until June 29, 1850 :: Daniel F. Miller (W), from December 20, 1850 : . Shepherd Leffler (D)

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: . Linn Boyd (D) : . James L. Johnson (W) : . Finis E. McLean (W) : . George A. Caldwell (D) : . John B. Thompson (W) : . Daniel Breck (W) : . Humphrey Marshall (W) : .

(W) : .

(D) : . Richard H. Stanton (D)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is bord ...

: . Emile La Sére (D) : . Charles M. Conrad (W), until August 17, 1850 :: Henry A. Bullard (W), from December 5, 1850 : . John H. Harmanson (D), until October 24, 1850 :: Alexander G. Penn (D), from December 30, 1850 : . Isaac E. Morse (D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

: .

Elbridge Gerry Elbridge Gerry (; July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was an American Founding Father, merchant, politician, and diplomat who served as the fifth vice president of the United States under President James Madison from 1813 until his death in 1 ...

(D) : . Nathaniel Littlefield (D) : . John Otis (W) : . Rufus K. Goodenow (W) : .

Cullen Sawtelle Cullen Sawtelle (September 25, 1805 – November 10, 1887) was an American attorney and politician from Maine. He was most notable for his service as a U.S. Representative from 1845 to 1847 and 1849 to 1851. Biography Sawtelle was born in Nor ...

(D) : .

Charles Stetson Charles Stetson (November 2, 1801 – March 27, 1863) was a United States representative from Maine, and the eldest member of a powerful Bangor political family. He was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, on November 2, 1801, but moved with h ...

(D) : . Thomas J. D. Fuller (D)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean t ...

: .

Richard Bowie Richard Johns Bowie (June 23, 1807 – March 12, 1881) was an American slave owner, politician and jurist. Early life Richard Johns Bowie was born on June 23, 1807, to Margaret (née Johns) and Colonel Washington Bowie in Georgetown, Washington, ...

(W) : . William T. Hamilton (D) : . Edward Hammond (D) : . Robert M. McLane (D) : . Alexander Evans (W) : . John B. Kerr (W)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: . Robert C. Winthrop (W), until July 30, 1850 :: Samuel Atkins Eliot (W), from August 22, 1850 : .

Daniel P. King Daniel Putnam King (January 8, 1801 – July 25, 1850) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Early life and education Born in South Danvers, Massachusetts, now Peabody, Massachusetts King pursued classical studies, graduated from Harvard ...

(W), until July 25, 1850 : .

James H. Duncan James Henry Duncan (December 5, 1793 – February 8, 1869) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, to James Duncan and his wife, Rebecca White, Duncan attended Philli ...

(W) : . vacant : .

Charles Allen Charles Allen may refer to: Politicians *Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician) (1797–1869), American politician and congressman in Massachusetts * Charles Allen (Australian politician) (1833–1913), Australian politician and member of the ...

(FS) : . George Ashmun (W) : .

Julius Rockwell Julius Rockwell (April 26, 1805May 19, 1888) was a United States politician from Massachusetts, and the father of Francis Williams Rockwell. Rockwell was born in Colebrook, Connecticut and educated at private schools and then Yale, where he st ...

(W) : .

Horace Mann Horace Mann (May 4, 1796August 2, 1859) was an American educational reformer, slavery abolitionist and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education. In 1848, after public service as Secretary of the Massachusetts Sta ...

(W) : . Orin Fowler (W) : . Joseph Grinnell (W)

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and t ...

: . Alexander W. Buel (D) : . William Sprague (W) : .

Kinsley S. Bingham Kinsley Scott Bingham (December 16, 1808October 5, 1861) was a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and the 11th governor of Michigan. Early life in New York Bingham (whose first name is sometimes spelled ''Kingsley'') was born to the farmer fa ...

(D)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: . Jacob Thompson (D) : .

Winfield S. Featherston Winfield Scott Featherston "Old Swet" (August 8, 1820 – May 28, 1891) was an antebellum two-term U.S. Representative from Mississippi and a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was later a st ...

(D) : .

William McWillie William McWillie (November 17, 1795 – March 3, 1869) was the twenty-second governor of Mississippi from 1857 to 1859. He was a Democrat. McWillie was the last Governor of Mississippi prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War. Biog ...

(D) : .

Albert G. Brown Albert Gallatin Brown (May 31, 1813June 12, 1880) was Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848 and a Democratic United States Senator from Mississippi from 1854 to 1861, when he withdrew during secession. Early life He was born to Joseph and ...

(D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: . James B. Bowlin (D) : . William V. Bay (D) : . James S. Green (D) : . Willard P. Hall (D) : .

John S. Phelps John Smith Phelps (December 22, 1814November 20, 1886) was a politician and soldier during the American Civil War, and the 23rd Governor of Missouri. Early life and career John Smith Phelps, the son of Elisha Phelps, was born in Simsbury, Ha ...

(D)

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: . Amos Tuck (FS) : . Charles H. Peaslee (D) : . James Wilson (W), until September 9, 1850 :: George W. Morrison (D), from October 8, 1850 : .

Harry Hibbard Harry Hibbard (June 1, 1816 – July 28, 1872) was an American politician and a United States Representative from New Hampshire. Early life Born in Concord, Vermont, Hibbard pursued classical studies. He graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanov ...

(D)

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delawa ...

: . Andrew K. Hay (W) : .

William A. Newell William Augustus Newell (September 5, 1817August 8, 1901), was an American physician and politician, who was a three-term member of the United States House of Representatives, served as a Republican as the 18th governor of New Jersey, and as t ...

(W) : .

Isaac Wildrick Isaac Wildrick (March 3, 1803 in Frelinghuysen Township, New Jersey – March 22, 1892 in Blairstown, New Jersey) was an American Democratic Party politician, who represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1853 ...

(D) : . John Van Dyke (W) : .

James G. King James Gore King (May 8, 1791 – October 3, 1853) was an American businessman and Whig Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for one term from 1849 to 1851. Ea ...

(W)

New York

: . John A. King (W) : . David A. Bokee (W) : . J. Phillips Phoenix (W) : . Walter Underhill (W) : . George Briggs (W) : . James Brooks (W) : . William Nelson (W) : . Ransom Halloway (W) : . Thomas McKissock (W) : . Herman D. Gould (W) : .

Peter H. Silvester Peter Henry Silvester (February 17, 1807 – November 29, 1882) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from New York in the 30th United States Congress, 30th and 31st United States Congress, 31st United States Congress. ...

(W) : .

Gideon Reynolds Gideon Reynolds (August 9, 1813 – July 13, 1896) was a U.S. Representative The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of th ...

(W) : . John L. Schoolcraft (W) : . George R. Andrews (W) : . John R. Thurman (W) : . Hugh White (W) : . Henry P. Alexander (W) : . Preston King (FS) : . Charles E. Clarke (W) : . Orsamus B. Matteson (W) : . Hiram Walden (D) : . Henry Bennett (W) : . William Duer (W) : . Daniel Gott (W) : . Harmon S. Conger (W) : . William T. Jackson (W) : . William A. Sackett (W) : . Abraham M. Schermerhorn (W) : . Robert L. Rose (W) : . David Rumsey Jr. (W) : .

Elijah Risley Elijah Risley (May 7, 1787 – January 9, 1870) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Connecticut, Risley completed preparatory studies before moving to Fredonia, New York, in 1807, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. Ris ...

(W) : . Elbridge G. Spaulding (W) : .

Harvey Putnam Harvey Putnam (January 5, 1793 – September 20, 1855) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and served in the New York Senate. Early life Putnam was born in Brattleboro, Windham Co ...

(W) : . Lorenzo Burrows (W)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 28th largest and List of states and territories of the United ...

: . Thomas L. Clingman (W) : . Joseph P. Caldwell (W) : . Edmund Deberry (W) : . Augustine H. Shepperd (W) : . Abraham W. Venable (D) : . John R. J. Daniel (D) : . William S. Ashe (D) : .

Edward Stanly Edward W. Stanly (January 10, 1810 – July 12, 1872) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a North Carolina politician and orator who represented the southeastern portion of the state in the United States House of Representatives for fi ...

(W) : . David Outlaw (W)

Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

: . David T. Disney (D) : . Lewis D. Campbell (W) : .

(W) : . Moses B. Corwin (W) : . Emery D. Potter (D) : . Rodolphus Dickinson (D), until March 20, 1849 :: Amos E. Wood (D), from December 3, 1849, until November 19, 1850 :: John Bell (W), from January 7, 1851 : . Jonathan D. Morris (D) : . John L. Taylor (W) : . Edson B. Olds (D) : .

(D) : . John K. Miller (D) : . Samuel F. Vinton (W) : .

(D) : . Nathan Evans (W) : .

(W) : . Moses Hoagland (D) : .

(D) : . David K. Cartter (D) : . John Crowell (W) : .

(FS) : . Joseph M. Root (FS)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: . Lewis C. Levin (A) : .

Joseph R. Chandler Joseph Ripley Chandler (August 22, 1792 – July 10, 1880) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Joseph R. Chandler was born in Kingston, Massachusetts. He was engaged in commercial work in Bosto ...

(W) : . Henry D. Moore (W) : . John Robbins Jr. (D) : . John Freedley (W) : . Thomas Ross (D) : . Jesse C. Dickey (W) : . Thaddeus Stevens (W) : . William Strong (D) : . Milo M. Dimmick (D) : . Chester P. Butler (W), until October 5, 1850 ::

John Brisbin John Brisbin (July 13, 1818 – February 3, 1880) was an American politician, lawyer, and educator who briefly served in the United States House of Representatives in 1851, representing the 11th congressional district of Pennsylvania as a Democ ...

(D), from November 13, 1850 : .

David Wilmot David Wilmot (January 20, 1814 – March 16, 1868) was an American politician and judge. He served as Representative and a Senator for Pennsylvania and as a judge of the Court of Claims. He is best known for being the prime sponsor and ep ...

(D) : . Joseph Casey (W) : . Charles W. Pitman (W) : . Henry Nes (W), until September 10, 1850 :: Joel B. Danner (D), from December 2, 1850 : . James X. McLanahan (D) : .

Samuel Calvin Samuel Calvin (July 30, 1811 – March 12, 1890) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Samuel Calvin was born in Washingtonville, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and Milton Acad ...

(W) : . Andrew J. Ogle (W) : .

Job Mann Job Mann (March 31, 1795 – October 8, 1873) was a Jacksonian and Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Job Mann was born in Bethel Township, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and the Bedford ...

(D) : . Robert R. Reed (W) : .

Moses Hampton Moses Hampton (October 28, 1803 – June 27, 1878) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Moses Hampton was born in Beaver, Pennsylvania. He moved with his parents to Trumbull County, Ohio. He pu ...

(W) : . John W. Howe (FS) : . James Thompson (D) : .

Alfred Gilmore Alfred Gilmore (June 9, 1812 – June 29, 1890) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Alfred Gilmore (son of John Gilmore) was born in Butler, Pennsylvania. He was graduated from Washingto ...

(D)

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

: . George G. King (W) : . Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (W)

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: . Daniel Wallace (D) : .

James L. Orr James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822May 5, 1873) was an American diplomat and politician who served as the 22nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1857 to 1859. He also served as the 73rd governor of South Carolina from 1865 ...

(D) : . Joseph A. Woodward (D) : .

John McQueen John McQueen (February 9, 1804 – August 30, 1867) was an American lawyer and politician. He was U.S. Representative from South Carolina and a member of the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War. Early life and educati ...

(D) : .

Armistead Burt Armistead Burt (November 13, 1802 – October 30, 1883) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Armistead Burt House - Abbeville, SC.jpgBorn at Clouds Creek, near Edgefield, Edgefield County, South Carolina, Burt moved with his parents ...

(D) : . Isaac E. Holmes (D) : . William F. Colcock (D)

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...

: .

Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a De ...

(D) : . Albert G. Watkins (W) : . Josiah M. Anderson (W) : . John H. Savage (D) : . George W. Jones (D) : . James H. Thomas (D) : .

Meredith P. Gentry Meredith Poindexter Gentry (September 15, 1809 – November 2, 1866) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's eighth and seventh districts in the United States House of Representatives. Biography Gentry was born in Rockingha ...

(W) : . Andrew Ewing (D) : .

Isham G. Harris Isham Green Harris (February 10, 1818July 8, 1897) was an American politician who served as the 16th governor of Tennessee from 1857 to 1862, and as a U.S. senator from 1877 until his death. He was the state's first governor from West Tennessee. ...

(D) : . Frederick P. Stanton (D) : . Christopher H. Williams (W)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: .

David S. Kaufman David Spangler Kaufman (December 18, 1813 – January 31, 1851) was an attorney, politician, and diplomat, serving as U.S. Representative from Texas. When the Republic of Texas was independent, he served in both houses of its legislature, and as ...

(D), until January 31, 1851 : . Volney E. Howard (D)

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provin ...

: . William Henry (W) : .

William Hebard William Hebard (November 29, 1800October 20, 1875) was an American attorney and politician from Vermont. He served in several elected offices, and was most notable for representing Vermont in the United States House of Representatives for two te ...

(W) : . George P. Marsh (W), until May 29, 1849 :: James Meacham (W), from December 3, 1849 : . Lucius B. Peck (D)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are ...

: . John S. Millson (D) : . Richard K. Meade (D) : . Thomas H. Averett (D) : .

(D) : . Paulus Powell (D) : . James A. Seddon (D) : . Thomas H. Bayly (D) : . Alexander Holladay (D) : . Jeremiah Morton (W) : . Richard Parker (D) : . James McDowell (D) : . Henry A. Edmundson (D) : .

(D) : . James M. H. Beale (D) : . Alexander Newman (D), until September 8, 1849 :: Thomas Haymond (W), from November 8, 1849

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: .

Charles Durkee Charles H. Durkee (December 10, 1805January 14, 1870) was an American pioneer, Congressman, and United States Senator from Wisconsin. He was one of the founders of Kenosha, Wisconsin, and was a Governor of the Utah Territory in the last five ye ...

(FS) : . Orasmus Cole (W) : .

James D. Doty James Duane Doty (November 5, 1799 – June 13, 1865) was a land speculator and politician in the United States who played an important role in the development of Wisconsin and Utah Territory. Early life and legal career A descendant of ''Mayflo ...

(D)

Non-voting members

: . Henry H. Sibley, from July 7, 1849 : . Samuel Thurston (D) 31 us house membership

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

* Replacements: 5 ** Democrats (D): no net change ** Whigs (W): no net change * Deaths: 1 * Resignations: 3 * Seats from newly admitted states: 2 * Interim appointments: 4 *Total seats with changes: 8 , - ,

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rock ...

(3) , , James Shields (D) , Senate voided election March 6, 1849, as Sen. Shields was determined not to have been a US citizen for the number of years required by the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

.
Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified. , , James Shields (D) , Seated December 3, 1849 , - ,

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean t ...

(1) , , Reverdy Johnson (W) , Resigned March 7, 1849, having been appointed

United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...

, , David Stewart (W) , Appointed December 6, 1849 , - ,

(2) , ,

(D) , Sen. Dixon Lewis successor elected November 30, 1849 , ,

(D) , Elected November 30, 1849 , - ,

(1) , , David Stewart (W) , Successor elected January 12, 1850 , , Thomas Pratt (W) , Elected January 12, 1850 , - ,

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

(2) , ,

(D) , Died March 31, 1850 , , Franklin H. Elmore (D) , Appointed April 11, 1850 , - ,

(2) , , Franklin H. Elmore (D) , Died May 29, 1850 , , Robert W. Barnwell (D) , Appointed June 4, 1850 , - ,

Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

(1) , , Thomas Corwin (W) , Resigned July 20, 1850, after being appointed

United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...

, , Thomas Ewing (W) , Appointed July 20, 1850 , - ,

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

(1) , , Daniel Webster (W) , Resigned July 22, 1850, after being appointed

United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...

again. , , Robert C. Winthrop (W) , Appointed July 30, 1850 , - ,

(1) , New state , California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850. , ,

(D) , Elected September 10, 1850 , - ,

(3) , New state , California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850. , , William M. Gwin (D) , Elected September 10, 1850 , - ,

(2) , , Robert W. Barnwell (D) , Successor elected December 18, 1850 , , Robert Rhett (D) , Elected December 18, 1850 , - ,

(1) , , Robert C. Winthrop (W) , Successor elected February 1, 1851 , , Robert Rantoul Jr. (D) , Elected February 1, 1851

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 11 ** Democrats (D): 2 seat net gain ** Whigs (W): 2 seat net loss * Deaths: 8 * Resignations: 5 * Contested election:1 * Seats from newly admitted states: 2 *Total seats with changes: 16 , - , , Vacant , style="font-size:80%" , Seat remained vacant after territory became organized at end of previous congress , Henry H. Sibley , Seated July 7, 1849 , - , , ,

George Perkins Marsh George Perkins Marsh (March 15, 1801July 23, 1882), an American diplomat and philologist, is considered by some to be America's first environmentalist and by recognizing the irreversible impact of man's actions on the earth, a precursor to the ...

(W) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned some time in 1849 , , James Meacham (W) , Seated December 3, 1849 , - , , , Rodolphus Dickinson (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died March 20, 1849 , , Amos E. Wood (D) , Seated December 3, 1849 , - , , , Alexander Newman (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died September 8, 1849 , , Thomas Haymond (W) , Seated November 8, 1849 , - , , , Thomas B. King (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned March 3, 1850 , , Joseph W. Jackson (D) , Seated March 4, 1850 , - , , ,

(W) , style="font-size:80%" , Died July 25, 1850 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , William Thompson (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Seat declared vacant June 29, 1850, after contested election. House ruled neither candidate entitled to seat and forced special election , , Daniel F. Miller (W) , Seated December 20, 1850 , - , , , Robert C. Winthrop (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned July 30, 1850, after being appointed to the

US Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and po ...

, , Samuel A. Eliot (W) , Seated August 22, 1850 , - , , , Charles M. Conrad (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned August 17, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of War , , Henry A. Bullard (W) , Seated December 5, 1850 , - , , , James Wilson (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned September 9, 1850 , , George W. Morrison (D) , Seated October 8, 1850 , - , , colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" , California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 , , Edward Gilbert (D) , Seated September 11, 1850 , - , , colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" , California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 , ,

(I) , Seated September 11, 1850 , - , , , Henry Nes (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Died September 10, 1850 , , Joel B. Danner (D) , Seated December 2, 1850 , - , , , Chester P. Butler (W) , style="font-size:80%" , Died October 5, 1850 , ,

(D) , Seated November 13, 1850 , - , , , John H. Harmanson (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died October 24, 1850 , , Alexander G. Penn (D) , Seated December 30, 1850 , - , , , Amos E. Wood (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died November 19, 1850 , , John Bell (W) , Seated January 7, 1851 , - , , ,

(D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died January 31, 1851 , Vacant , Not filled this term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people ...

(Chairman: Daniel Sturgeon) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Augustus Dodge) * California's Admission to the Union (Select) *

Claims Claim may refer to: * Claim (legal) * Claim of Right Act 1689 * Claims-based identity * Claim (philosophy) * Land claim * A ''main contention'', see conclusion of law * Patent claim * The assertion of a proposition; see Douglas N. Walton * A ri ...

(Chairman: Moses Norris Jr.) *

Commerce Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, natio ...

(Chairman: Clement C. Clay) * Disorder in the Senate of April 17, 1850 (Select) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) *

District of Columbia ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.), Logan Circle, Jefferson Memoria ...

(Chairman: James M. Mason) * Eligibility of James Shields (Special) *

Finance Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of f ...

(Chairman:

then James Pearce) * Foreign Relations (Chairman: William R. King then Henry S. Foote) * French Spoilations (Select) (Chairman: Truman Smith) * Indian Affairs (Chairman:

) *

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

(Chairman: Andrew P. Butler) * Manufactures (Chairman: William K. Sebastian) * Mexican Boundary Commission (Select) * Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis) *

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

(Chairman: Sam Houston) * Naval Affairs (Chairman:

) * Ordnance and War Ships (Select) * Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman:

David S. Reid David Settle Reid (April 19, 1813 – June 19, 1891) was the 32nd governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1851 to 1854 and a U.S. Senator from December 1854 to March 1859. His uncle was Congressman Thomas Settle. He was born in wha ...

) * Pensions (Chairman: George Wallace Jones) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas J. Rusk) *

Printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

(Chairman: Solon Borland) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Solomon W. Downs) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Robert M.T. Hunter) * Public Lands (Chairman: Alpheus Felch) * Retrenchment (Chairman:

) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Isaac P. Walker) * Roads and Canals (Chairman: Jesse D. Bright) * Seventh Census (Select) * Settlement of the Slavery Question (Select) * Tariff Regulation (Select) *

Territories A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...

(Chairman: Stephen A. Douglas) * Whole

House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman:

) *

(Chairman: Nathaniel S. Littlefield) * Bounty Land Act of 1850 (Select) *

(Chairman:

John Reeves Jones Daniel John Reeves Jones Daniel (January 13, 1802 – June 22, 1868) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina. Daniel was born near Halifax, North Carolina and was instructed privately at home. He graduated from the University of North C ...

) *

(Chairman: Robert M. McLane) *

(Chairman:

) *

Elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

(Chairman: William Strong) *

Engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an in ...

(Chairman: Edward Hammond) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Alexander Holladay) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Thompson) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Kingsley S. Bingham) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George A. Caldwell) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Milo M. Dimmick) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: James M. H. Beale) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: John A. McClernand) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Shepherd Leffler) *

(Chairman: James Thompson) * Manufactures (Chairman: Lucius B. Peck) * Mileage (Chairman: Graham N. Fitch) * Military Affairs (Chairman:

) *

(Chairman: Charles H. Peaslee) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Frederick P. Stanton) * Patents (Chairman: Hiram Walden) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Emery D. Potter) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Isaac E. Morse) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Franklin W. Bowdon) * Public Expenditures (Chairman:

) * Public Lands (Chairman: James B. Bowlin) * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Williamson R. W. Cobb) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman:

) * Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Loren P. Waldo) * Roads and Canals (Chairman: John L. Robinson) * Rules (Chairman:

) * Standards of Official Conduct *

(Chairman: Linn Boyd) * Ways and Means (Chairman: Thomas H. Bayly) * Whole

Joint committees

* Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. Thomas J. Rusk then Sen. George Badger) * The Library (Chairman: N/A) * The Printing (Chairman: N/A)

Caucuses

* Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

Employees

* Librarian of Congress:

John Silva Meehan John Silva Meehan (6 February 1790 – 24 April 1863) was an American printer and publisher. He was the fourth Librarian of the United States Congress from 1829 to 1861. Meehan, a United States Democratic party member, was appointed Librarian of ...

Senate

Chaplain A chaplain is, traditionally, a cleric (such as a minister, priest, pastor, rabbi, purohit, or imam), or a lay representative of a religious tradition, attached to a secular institution (such as a hospital, prison, military unit, intelligence ...

: Henry Slicer (

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's ...

), until January 9, 1850 ** Clement M. Butler ( Episcopalian), elected January 9, 1850 *

Secretary A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a ...

Asbury Dickins Asbury Dickins (1780–1861) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of the United States Senate from 1836 until shortly before his death in 1861. Originally from North Carolina, Dickins worked as a publisher and a boo ...

* Sergeant at Arms: Robert Beale

House of Representatives

: Ralph Gurley (

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...

) * Clerk: Thomas J. Campbell, died April 13, 1850 ** Richard M. Young, elected April 17, 1850 * Doorkeeper: Robert E. Horner * Postmaster: John M. Johnson * Reading Clerks: * Sergeant at Arms: Nathan Sargent, until January 15, 1850 ** Adam J. Glossbrenner, from January 15, 1850

Notes

References

* *

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History

* * * {{USCongresses