India
India (official name: the Republic
Republic of India;[19] Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya) is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea
Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan
Pakistan to the west;[e] China, Nepal, and Bhutan
Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar
Myanmar to the east
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A socialist state or socialist republic (sometimes workers' state or workers' republic) refers to any state that is constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism. In Western usage, the term "communist state" is often used in reference to single-party socialist states governed by parties adhering to a variant of Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism or Maoism, though these states officially refer to themselves as "socialist states" or states that are in the process of building socialism and do not describe themselves as "communist" or as having achieved communism.[1][2][3] Aside from the "communist states", a number of other states have described their orientation as "socialist" in their constitutions
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A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a different person from the head of government
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A demonym (/ˈdɛmənɪm/; from Greek δῆμος, dêmos, "people, tribe" and όνομα, ónoma, "name") or gentilic (from Latin gentilis, "of a clan, or gens")[1] is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place and is usually derived from the name of the place.[2] Examples of demonyms include Cochabambino, for a person from the city of Cochabamba; American for a person from the country called the United States
United States of America; and Swahili, for a person of the Swahili coast. Demonyms do not always clearly distinguish place of origin or ethnicity from place of residence or citizenship, and many demonyms overlap with the ethnonym for the ethnically dominant group of a region. Thus a Thai may be any resident or citizen of Thailand
Thailand of any ethnic group, or more narrowly a member of the Thai people. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms
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A republic (Latin: res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited, but are attained through democracy, oligarchy or autocracy
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A republic (Latin: res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited. It is a form of government under which the head of state is not a monarch.[1][2][3] In American English, the definition of a republic refers specifically to a form of government in which elected individuals represent the citizen body[2] and exercise power according to the rule of law under a constitution, including separation of powers with an elected head of state, referred to as a constitutional republic[4][5][6][7] or representative democracy. [8] As of 2017[update], 159 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names – not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor is the word "republic" used in the names of all nations with elected governments
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A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with people and the territory they occupy. There is little consistency in the use of this term. One or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of the country. National or national languages are mentioned in over 150 world constitutions.[1][dead link] C.M.B
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A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body. Alternatively, federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs.[1][2] The governmental or constitutional structure found in a federation is considered to be federalist, or to be an example of federalism. It can be considered the opposite of another system, the unitary state. France, for example, has been unitary for multiple centuries
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"Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते satyam-eva jayate; lit. "Truth alone triumphs.") is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad.[1] Following the independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India in 26 January 1950.[2][3] It is inscribed in script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and the words "Satyameva Jayate" are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka
Lion Capital of Ashoka which was erected around 250 BCE at Sarnath, near Varanasi
Varanasi in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is inscribed on all currency notes and national documents.Contents1 Origin 2 Popular connotations 3 See also 4 ReferencesOrigin[edit] The origin of the motto is well-known mantra 3.1.6 from the Mundaka Upanishad
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Nepali (Devanagari: नेपाली) is an Indo-Aryan language of the sub-branch of Eastern Pahari. It is the official language of Nepal. It is spoken mainly in Nepal
Nepal and by about a quarter of the population in Bhutan.[5] In India, Nepali is listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution as an Indian language with official status in the state of Sikkim
Sikkim north east states including Assam, Burma, Bepali diaspora worldwide and in West Bengal's Darjeeling district.[6] Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages, most notably the other Pahari languages and Maithili, and shows Sanskrit
Sanskrit influence. However, owing to Nepal's location, it has also been influenced by Tibeto-Burman languages
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Santali (Ol Chiki: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ; Eastern Nagari: সাঁওতালি) is a language in the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari. It is spoken by around 6.2 million people in India (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ), Bangladesh
Bangladesh (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ), Bhutan (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ) and Nepal
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Kashmiri (/kæʃˈmɪəri/)[6] (कॉशुर, کأشُر), or Koshur (pronounced kọ̄šur or kạ̄šur[7]) is a language from the Dardic subgroup[8] of Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages and it is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley
Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir.[9][10][11] There are over 5 million Kashmiri speakers in Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir and among the Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India,[7][12] and about 130,000 in the Neelam Valley
Neelam Valley and Leepa Valley
Leepa Valley of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.[13] The Kashmiri language
Kashmiri language is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India,[14] and is a part of the eighth Schedule in the constitution of the Jammu and Kashmir
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Kok Borok (/ˈkoʊkvoʊroʊk/ ( listen)) is the native language of the Borok (Tripura) people of the Indian state of Tripura and neighbouring areas of Bangladesh. The word Kok stands for "Language" and borok stands for "Human", which is used specifically by the Tripuri people
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Sindhi /ˈsɪndi/[9] (سنڌي, सिन्धी, , ਸਿੰਧੀ) is an Indo-Aryan language
Indo-Aryan language of the historical Sindh region, spoken by the Sindhi people. It is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh.[10][11][12] In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the central government. Most Sindhi speakers are concentrated in Pakistan
Pakistan in the Sindh province, and in India, the Kutch
Kutch region of the state of Gujarat
Gujarat and in the Ulhasnagar
Ulhasnagar region of the state of Maharashtra
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The Mizo language, or Mizo ṭawng, is a language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages, spoken natively by the Mizo people in the Mizoram
Mizoram state of India
India and Chin State
Chin State in Burma. The language is also known as Lushai, a colonial term, as the Lusei people were the first among the Mizos to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion
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Dogri (डोगरी or ڈوگری ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about five million people[3] in India
India and Pakistan, chiefly in the Jammu
Jammu region of
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